OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the rational drug use and glycemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:160 patients with type 2 diabetes in 3 communities of Tianjin were divided into 2 groups based on the understanding of the diabetic knowledge,group A(86 cases)had understanding of diabetic knowledge and group B(74 cases)had no. They were carried on the questionnaire survey about the general information,medication and glycemic control. RESULTS:A total of 160 ques-tionnaires were conducted,and 160 were effective with the effective rate of 100%. The proportion of patients with highly educated (college or above)in group A was significantly higher than group B,low education(secondary or below)was significantly lower than group B(P<0.05). The proportion of patients with medicine background in group A was significantly higher than group B(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the use ratio of different types of drugs for diabetes between group A and group B (P>0.05),however,the use ratio of self-purchase functional food in group A was 0,and group B(60.8%)was significantly high-er than group A(P<0.05). The recent self-test average blood glucose levels,the average blood glucose levels in the investigation day,the 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in group A were significantly lower than group B(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The medication and glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes is closely related to the understand-ing of glycemic knowledge. Therefore,propaganda and education of medication and related functional food for patients need to be strengthened to promote the rational medication.

Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; diagnosis ; Humans

Objective To identify the chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Methods Chemical components of 86 traditional Chinese medicines were identified by two methods,observation group with LC-MS method and control group with traditional LC methods.The identification efficacy,accuracy,and identification time between two methods were compared. Results The excellent rate in observation group was 76.74% (66/86),the excellent and good rate was 90.70%(78/86),which were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05 ).83 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine were successfully identified in observation group,the success rate was 96.5 1%,significantly higher than control group(P<0.05).The identification tine,retention time after correction of errors in observation group were significantly less than control group(P<0.05 ).Conclusion LC-MS has high accuracy,short identification time and wide adaptation range in identification of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine.

At present, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in clinical, and the common adverse reactions include adverse reactions of skin, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine and liver. Adverse reactions to the lungs and heart are relatively rare, but can be fatal. Systemic steroid therapy is the main treatment for immune related adverse events (irAEs). If there is no response to steroid therapy, an immunomodulator may be considered. Understanding the incidence, pathogenesis, common types and treatment strategies of irAEs can provide theoretical basis for the safe application of ICIs in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the potential of the Clock Drawing Test (CTD) in differentiating the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Cognitive impaired patients admitted to the outpatient and inpatient of neurological department of our hospital from October 2011 to October 2013 were reviewed. There were 65 cases with MCI and 63 cases with AD. The scores of CDT were compared between them, and the sensitivity and specificity were evaluated with Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve. Results The MCI group and AD group matched in age, gender and education. The scores of Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination and CDT were significantly defferent between the two groups. The sensitivity of 3-point CDT was 54.0% and the specificity was 80.9% in differentiating MCI and AD. Conclusion CDT is helpful to differentiate MCI from AD only in a set of assessment.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole in the treatment of fungal infection in the patients with hematological malignancies.Method:53 patients with malignant hematologic diseases were divided into three groups:empirical treatment group, suspected fungal infection group and established group.Itraconazole was given in a dose of 200mg twice daily in the first and the second days, from the third day in a dose of 200mg once daily.Response was established as normalization of temperature in the patients receiving itraconazole, and disappearance of clinical signs in the patients with suspected or established infection.Result:The 31 patients were eligible for efficacy evaluation for empirical treatment,and 25 responded to itraconazole(80.65%);of 9 established patients,6 responded to itraconazole(66.67%);of 13 suspected infection patients, 10 responded to itraconazole(76.92%).As to the side effects, there were no rigor and fever, but hepatotoxiciy were present in 5.66%, and no nephrotoxicity.Conclusion:Itraconazole is a highly effective drug with low side effects in treatment of fungal infections.But the hepatic and renal function tests must be carried out regularly when itraconazole infection is used.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chilblains ; therapy ; Female ; Ginger ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Seasons ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The parameters of blood platelet(B-PLT) can reflect its thrombo-function, but the variation of blood-platelet parameters in patients with thrombotic disease is controversial and not unanimous.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changing rule of the B-PLT parameters in patients with cerebral infarction(CI), and investigate whether blood cell counter can be used in the evaluation of the variation of B-PLT parameters in CI patients.DESIGN: A case-control and experimental study based on patients and healthy people.SETTING: Department of laboratory and internal medicine in a university.PARTICIPANTS: During the January and March 2002, 37 CI patients including 28 males and 9 females aged 45 - 87 years were selected from Department of Neurology, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Among 37 healthy people,20 males and 17 females aged 40 - 60 years were selected as control group.METHODS: Platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-large cell ratio(P-LCR) and the changing quantity of B-PLT of 37 CI patients were analyzed with blood cell counter, meanwhile,the healthy people were analyzed as control subjects.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of B-PLT parameters in two groups respectively.RESULTS: A positive relation between PDW and P-LCR was observed and between P-LCR and MPV as well( r = 0. 99, 0.92, P ＜ 0. 001 ). A negative correlation between B-PLT quantity and MPV was observed and also between B-PLTquantity and P-LCR(r= -0.58, -0.59, P ＜0.05) .In CI patients, PDW, MPV and P-LCR were(14.51 ± 2. 88)%, (10.95 ± 1.48) fl and(34.24 ± 11.23)% respectively, which were higher than those of healthy people [ (12. 86 ± 2.02)%, (10. 19 ± 1.29) fl, (28.47 ± 9.41 )% ]respectively, and the difference was significant( P =0. 019 31, 0. 021 77 and 0.026 35), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in B-PLT quantity.CONCLUSION: The blood platelets' parameters in CI patients, which reflect the function of the B-PLT, are significantly higher than those in healthy people. It shows that the enhanced function of platelet is a risk factor of cerebral infarction, the use of blood cell counter in analysis can observe the variation of the platelets' function rapidly and accurately. It can be a useful method of the therapy and prevention in CI patients.

Chickenpox is an acute and highly infectious respiratory disease commonly seen in children.Varicela－zoster often results from the activation of latent virus in chickenpox called varicella－zoster virus（VZV）or called human herpesvirus type 3. Primary infection of VZV may induce typical disease of various severity and most healthy children infected with VZV have mild symptoms and good prognosis.But VZV infection，if occurs in special population such as persons of immune inhibition treatment will induce serious consequence or even death and it is as same serious as in adults.A detailed illustration of molecular biology，epidemiology，laboratory diagnosis，treatment and preventive strategy of the VZV were given.

Objective To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor(POGF),basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and epidermal growth factor(EGF)on the proliferation,migration and phenotypie modulation of airway smooth muscle cells(ASMCs)in vitro.Methods Cultured human ASMCs were stimulated with PDGF.bFGF,EGF or DMEM(control).Cell pmliferation was detected by BrdU incorporation and cell count.Cell migration was measured using Boyden's chamber.Reverse transcription-poly-merase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blot analysis were used for the detection of sm-α-actin and sm-MHC mRNA and protein expression in ASMCs.Resuits The mitotic index(%BrdU-positive per total number of cells)of ASMCs stimulated with PDGF.bFGF and EGF were significantly higher than those in control(P<0.001 or P<0.05).And the cell number of ASMCs stimulated with PDGF,bFGF and EGFwere also significantly higher than those in control(P<0.05).The number of migrating cells treated with PDGF,bFGF and EGF were higher than that in eontrol(P<0.05).The expressions of sm-α-actin mRNA treated with bFGF and EGF were significantly lower than those in control.but it was higher than control when treated with PDGF.The expressions of sm-MHC mRNA treated with bFGF and EGF were significantly lower than those in control,but it was higher than control when treated with PDGF(P<0.01 orP<0.05).Theexpressions of sm-α-actin protein treated with bFGF and EGF were significantly lower than those in control,but it was higher than control when treated with PDGF(P<0.05).The expressions of sm-MHC protein treated with bFGF and EGF were significantly lower than those in control.but it was higher than control when treated with PDGF(P<0.05).Conclusion PDGF,bFGF and EGF can directly induce ASMCs,proliferation and migration in vitro;and meanwhile,the expressions of cells,contractive phenotype increased treated with PDGF and decreased treated with bFGF and EGF.