No abstract available.
Bone and Bones* ; Dental Implants*

Renal sodium and water reabsorption occurs through epithelial sodium transporters and aquaporin (AQP) water channels in various segments of tubules. We have demonstrated altered regulation of these transporters and channels in various pathophysiological conditions. In nephrotic syndrome and liver cirrhosis, expression of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) was increased in the late distal convoluted tubule, connecting tubule, and collecting duct. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, the expression of Na,K-ATPase as well as that of ENaC was increased. In contrast, AQP1-3 and sodium transporters was decreased in the kidney from deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. In two-kidney, one clip hypertension, the expression of Na,K-ATPase, NHE3, NKCC2 and ENaC subunits was decreased in the clipped kidney while remained unchanged in the contralateral kidney. We have also shown an increased activity of renal atrial natriuretic peptide system in postobstructive natriuresis/ diuresis. In acute kidney injury (cisplatin-, gentamicin- and ischemia/reperfusion-induced), the expression of Na,K-ATPase, NHE3, NKCC2 and AQP1-3 was decreased. The altered regulation of sodium transporters and AQP may be causally related with various kidney diseases and hypertension.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Aquaporins ; Desoxycorticosterone ; Diuresis ; Epithelial Sodium Channels ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Sodium

Renal sodium and water reabsorption occurs through epithelial sodium transporters and aquaporin (AQP) water channels in various segments of tubules. We have demonstrated altered regulation of these transporters and channels in various pathophysiological conditions. In nephrotic syndrome and liver cirrhosis, expression of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) was increased in the late distal convoluted tubule, connecting tubule, and collecting duct. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, the expression of Na,K-ATPase as well as that of ENaC was increased. In contrast, AQP1-3 and sodium transporters was decreased in the kidney from deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. In two-kidney, one clip hypertension, the expression of Na,K-ATPase, NHE3, NKCC2 and ENaC subunits was decreased in the clipped kidney while remained unchanged in the contralateral kidney. We have also shown an increased activity of renal atrial natriuretic peptide system in postobstructive natriuresis/ diuresis. In acute kidney injury (cisplatin-, gentamicin- and ischemia/reperfusion-induced), the expression of Na,K-ATPase, NHE3, NKCC2 and AQP1-3 was decreased. The altered regulation of sodium transporters and AQP may be causally related with various kidney diseases and hypertension.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Aquaporins ; Desoxycorticosterone ; Diuresis ; Epithelial Sodium Channels ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Sodium

Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is one type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, characterized by its poor prognosis and gradual deterioration of clinical course. So it is important to distinguish UIP from other interstitial pneumonia. Defi nitive histological diagnosis of UIP requires lung biopsy. The criteria for diagnosis of UIP in the absence of a surgical lung biopsy were recently defi ned. We report a case of 75-year-old man who was diagnosed as bronchopneumonia with chief complaint of fever, dyspnea on fi rst visit, then fi nally diagnosed as UIP through the remaining of chest abnormality after treatment.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Bronchopneumonia ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Humans ; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Prognosis ; Thorax

PURPOSE: Starvation causes impairment in the urinary concentration ability. However, the molecular basis for the impaired urinary concentration and polyuria remains undefined. We examined the effects of food deprivation on the water handling by the kidney and it's regulatory mechanism. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were used. They were placed in metabolic cages and deprived of food but had free access to water for 24 hours. Control rats had free access to both water and food. Protein expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2) was determined in the kidney by Western blot analysis. Protein expression of type VI adenylyl cyclase and prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGES) was determined. Urinary PGE2 excretion was also determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Food deprivation (FD) resulted in impaired urinary concentration associated with decreased tubular water reabsorption and increased urine output. The expression of AQP2 proteins was significantly decreased in the inner stripe of the outer medulla (ISOM). The expression of NKCC2 was not affected in ISOM. The adenylyl cyclase VI expression was increased in ISOM in FD rats. The protein expression of PGES was decreased in the cortex/OSOM and ISOM. The 24 hr urinary excretion of PGE2 was significantly decreased in FD rats compared with controls. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that FD-induced urinary concentration defect may related to a reduced abundance of AQP2 in the kidney. It is also suggested that the primary impairment in the pathway to the activation of AQP2 in food deprivation is independent of vasopressin/cAMP or prostaglandin activity.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Animals ; Aquaporin 2 ; Aquaporins* ; Attention ; Blotting, Western ; Dinoprostone ; Food Deprivation ; Kidney* ; Polyuria* ; Prostaglandins E ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium* ; Starvation ; Water*

OBJECTIVES: The potential association between choline acetyltransferase(CHAT) polymorphism and the risk of mild cognitive impairment(MCI) has not been investigated in Korea. We examined the main effect of CHAT polymorphism and its interaction with apolipoprotein E(APOE) polymorphism in the development of MCI in elderly Korean sample. METHODS: We analyzed CHAT 2384G > A polymorphism and APOE polymorphism among 149 MCI subjects with MCI and 298 normal controls. We tested the association between MCI and CHAT A allele status using a logistic regression model. In addition, we employed generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction(GMDR) to investigate the interaction between CHAT and APOE with regard to the risk of MCI. RESULTS: The CHAT A allele was associated with AD risk(OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.02-2.48, p = 0.042). No significant gene-gene interaction between CHAT and APOE was found in GMDR method(testing balanced accuracy = 0.540, p = 0.055). CONCLUSION: The CHAT A allele was associated with MCI risk in the Korean elderly. Its interaction with the APOE epsilon4 allele was not significant with regard to the development of MCI.
Aged ; Alleles ; Apolipoproteins ; Apolipoproteins E ; Choline ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mild Cognitive Impairment

BACKGROUND: Ductal adenocarcinoma (DAC) of the prostate is an uncommon histologic subtype whose prognostic factors and immunoprofile have not been fully defined. METHODS: To define its prognostic factors and immunoprofile, the clinicopathological features, including biochemical recurrence (BCR), of 61 cases of DAC were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarray constructs to assess the expression of prostate cancer-related and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling-related proteins. RESULTS: During the median follow-up period of 19.3 months, BCR occurred in 26 cases (42.6%). DAC demonstrated a wide expression range of prostate cancer-related proteins, including nine cases (14.8%) that were totally negative for pan-cytokeratin (PanCK) immunostaining. The mTOR signaling-related proteins also showed diverse expression. On univariate analysis, BCR was associated with high preoperative serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), large tumor volume, predominant ductal component, high Gleason score (GS), comedo-necrosis, high tumor stage (pT), lymphovascular invasion, and positive surgical margin. High expressions of phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR) as well as low expressions of PSA, phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (pS6) and PanCK were associated with BCR. On multivariable analysis, GS, pT, and immunohistochemical expressions of PanCK and p-mTOR remained independent prognostic factors for BCR. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest GS, pT, and immunohistochemical expressions of PanCK and p-mTOR as independent prognostic factors for BCR in DAC. Since DAC showed diverse expression of prostate cancer–related proteins, this should be recognized in interpreting the immunoprofile of DAC. The diverse expression of mTOR-related proteins implicates their potential utility as predictive markers for mTOR targeted therapy.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Follow-Up Studies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prognosis ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Recurrence ; Ribosomal Proteins ; Sirolimus ; Tumor Burden

BACKGROUND:The present study aimed to determine whether there is a regulatory mechanism exerted by endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of aquaporin (AQP) water channels in the kidney. METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. They were divided into 4 groups: 1) L-NAME group was treated with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 mg/L drinking water) for 1 week, 2) indomethacin group was treated with indomethacin (5 mg/kg, twice a day, i.p.) for 2 days, 3) L-NAME/ indomethacin group was treated with L-NAME for 1 week in which indomethacin was cotreated for the last two days, and 4) control group was kept untreated. The abundance of AQP2 and AQP3 proteins was determined in the inner medulla of the kidney. RESULTS:The expression of AQP2 and AQP3 proteins was significantly decreased by indomethacin. L-NAME abolished the indomethacin-induced decreases of AQP channels, although it did not significantly affect the expression of AQP channels by itself. CONCLUSION:These results suggest that endogenous NO system, when stimulated, may downregulate the expression of AQP2 and AQP3 channels in the kidney.
Animals ; Aquaporin 3 ; Aquaporins* ; Down-Regulation* ; Drinking ; Indomethacin ; Kidney ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rat is known as a model of volume dependent hypertension and characterized by increased cardiac endothelin-1 (ET-1) content. Recently, it has been reported that rosiglitazone (RGT), a peroxisome proliferator-activated subtype gamma receptor agonist, shows blood pressure lowering effect. We investigated whether DOCA-salt hypertension is associated with altered expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) and ET-1 in the heart, aorta, and kidney, and whether RGT changes HSP expression and ET-1 in association with its blood pressure lowering effect. Two weeks after the silastic DOCA (200 mg/kg) strips implantation, DOCA-salt rats were randomly divided to receive control diet with or without RGT (10 mg/kg/day) for another 2 weeks. The mRNA expression of ET-1 was determined by real time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of HSP was determined by semiquantitative immunoblotting. In DOCA-salt rats, systolic blood pressure was markedly increased, while creatinine clearance decreased. RGT treatment attenuated high blood pressure and decreased creatinine clearance in DOCA-salt rats. The mRNA expression of ET-1 was increased in DOCA-salt rats compared to controls, which was counteracted by RGT treatment. The protein expression of HSP70, HSP32, and HSP25 was increased in the kidney and heart in DOCA-salt rats, which was attenuated by RGT treatment in the kidney, but not in the heart. In conclusion, increased expression of ET-1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in DOCA-salt rats, which was counteracted by the treatment of RGT. Up-regulation of HSP70, HSP32, and HSP25 in the kidney and heart may play a role in organ protection against a variety of stresses.
Animals ; Aorta ; Blood Pressure ; Creatinine ; Desoxycorticosterone ; Diet ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Endothelin-1 ; Endothelins ; Heart ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Hot Temperature ; Hypertension ; Immunoblotting ; Kidney ; Peroxisomes ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Thiazolidinediones ; Up-Regulation

BACKGROUND: Phlebotomy performed for laboratory testing has the potential to cause anemia in newborns and infants. This study investigated the minimum specimen volume required for an automated immunohematology analyzer DAYmate S. METHODS: Three combinations of tubes were evaluated: I. 6 mL EDTA tube, II. 0.5 mL microtainer (on top of 3 mL EDTA tube), and III. 1 mL sample cup (on top of 6 mL EDTA tube). ABO/RhD cell typing was done using centrifuged red cells; unexpected antibody screening was carried out using plasma, and Type & Screening was conducted using whole blood samples. The lowest specimen volume capable of performing 10 repetitive tests without errors was investigated. RESULTS: ABO/RhD cell typing could be performed from I. 30 μL, II. 25 μL, and III. 25 μL. Unexpected antibody screening could be performed from I. 170 μL, II. 150 μL, and III. 140 μL. According to the hematocrit levels, Type & Screening could be performed from 30%, I&III 650 μL, II. 800 μL; 40%, I&III 650 μL, II. 900 μL; and 50%, I&III 1,000 μL, II. Testing using specimen volumes below 1,000 μL was difficult. CONCLUSION: By separating red cells and plasma, pre-transfusion testing of ABO/RhD cell typing and unexpected antibody screening could be conducted with very small specimen volumes using DAYmate S compared to Type & Screening using whole blood. The application of small-sized sample tubes was more competitive and this is expected to be very useful for preventing iatrogenic anemia in neonates and infants less than 4 months old.
Anemia ; Edetic Acid ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening* ; Phlebotomy ; Plasma