Objective To explore a brief regimen to treat and manage asthmatic patients.Methods 122 asthmatic patients(including 12 inpatients) treated and managed at respiratory clinic were followed up for 1～10 years.The data of these patients were collected and analysed Results On the base of asthma education patients were received inhaled glucocorticoid combined with ? 2 agonist and/or theophylline for two to five years Of 122 patients,20(16 4%) patients remised and remained good control without any medication,90(73 8%) patients relapsed within 1 to 2 years after drug withdrawal Conclusions Asthmatic patients must be treated and managed regularly according to GINA It was especially emphasized that inhaled glucocorticoid is the mainstay of ling term threapy Most patients can remise for quite a long time with agreeable quality of life while a few patients can be cured

With the deepening of research in recent years, tumor metabolic reprogramming has gradually become the focus of research, and targeting tumor cell metabolism has also become a new means of tumor therapy. The metabolic process affects almost all the physiological processes of the organism, and lipid metabolism is an important part of the metabolic process. Studies have shown that changes in lipid uptake, storage and fatty acid synthesis and decomposition have occurred in a variety of tumors. Abnormal lipid metabolism will promote the rapid proliferation of tumors. Abnormal expression of a variety of key metabolic enzymes in the process of lipid metabolism is the key to tumor progression. The purpose of this paper is to explain the metabolic regulation of lipid metabolism and related metabolic enzymes in hematological tumors, and to provide ideas for the treatment of hematological tumors.

BACKGROUND: Transplantation of microencapsulated rabbit Schwann cells in the rat spinal cord can relieve inflammatory reaction, promote spinal cord regeneration, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:To observe basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)expression and movements recovery following transplantation of microencapsulated rabbit Schwann cells in rat spinal cord. METHODS: The sciatic nerves taken out from rabbits wore digested with mixed enzyme and were made into Schwann cells suspension. Then we used air-jet method to make Schwann cells microcapsule. Using the same method, empty microcapsule was made. Sprague Dawiey rats were randomly divided into cell group, empty microcapsule group and microcapsule group. Conducted by hemisection injury of spinal cord,the rats in cell group,empty microcapsule group and microcapsule group were implanted with gelatin sponge with 10μL Schwann cells suspension, gelatin sponge with 10 μL empty microcapsule and 10 μL microencapsulated Schwann cells. Normal group was left intact. After operation, we observed hindlimb movements recovery in rats with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale. Meanwhile,a set of sections were stained immunohistochemically for bFGF expression, another set of sections wore stained for hematoxylin-eosin and Nissal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After spinal cord injury, rat right hindlimb affected paralysis immediately. At 7, 14 and 28 daysfollowing transplantation,motor function in rat hindlimb was significantly recovered, and the BBB scores were significantly higher in microencapsulated schwenn cells than in cell and empty microcapsule group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). bFGF positive products were mainly distributed in cytoplasm of the spinal neuron and nucleus of neuroglical cell. The numbers of bFGF positive glial cells mainly appeared surrounding the spinal cord injured site on days 1, 3, 7 and rose to its peak on day 3 and began to appear in neuronal calls on day 14. The number of bFGF positiv cells in microcapsule group was significantly superior to that in cell group and empty microcapsule group. From then on, the bFGF expreSsion was significantly decreased in each group. These indicated that transplantation of microencapsulated Schwann cells can inhibit the immunological rejection after xenotransplantation, suppress inflammatory reaction, improve the expression of bFGF, increase hindlimb movements recovery and spinal cord regeneration after spinal cord injury.

Objective To identify the expression of a fusion gene GCA formed from GM-CSF gene and LMP2A gene of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a recombinant BCG (rBCG) and to study its immunoge-nicity.Methods The rBCG was constructed to express the fusion gene GCA and the expressed products were detected by Western blot assay .ELISA was performed to measure specific antibody titers in serum sam-ples from mice immunized with rBCG .Lactate dehydrogenase assay was used to analyze the cellular immuni-ty of mice.A mouse model of EBV-positive gastric carcinoma was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of rBCG.Results The target proteins of GM-CSF and LMP2A were successfully expressed in rBCG . The specific antibodies were detected in rBCG immunized mice as indicated by ELISA .The maximum anti-body titer reached 1 ∶27 900 [(326.5±7.8) pg/ml] as injection with rBCG 5×108/mouse.The rBCG in-duced cytotoxicity of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) to EBV-positive gastric carcinoma cells (GT39) (with a killing rate of 89.6%±6.8%) was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05) The sizes of tumor in PBS control group [(1964.0±548.7) mm3] and BCG group [(1268.65±72.4) mm3] were big-ger than those in rBCG group [(168.64±78.80) mm3].Conclusion The rBCG expressing GM-CSF and LMP2A fusion gene was successfully constructed .The rBCG could induce humoral and cellular immune re-sponses in mice and inhibit the growth of tumor .

Cancer stem cells are cells with stem cell characteristics within a tumor. With increased proliferative capabilities, they are able to self-renew and develop into various cell types, and thus play important roles in the formation, development, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous, small non-protein coding RNA molecules. Through regulating the expression of genes depending on the complementation between the microRNAs and their targets, microRNAs play important roles in various human cancers. This article summarizes recent research advances in the roles of microRNAs in cancer stem cells.
Humans ; MicroRNAs ; Neoplastic Stem Cells

Objective To develop a BP26 recombinant BCG (rBCG-BP26) vaccine,and to observe the effects of rBCG-BP26 on CD4+,CD8+ T cells in immunized mice.Methods The recombinant shuttle vector pMV261-Ag85B-BP26 was constructed by using traditional molecular biological technology.The recombinant strains were obtained by kanamycin resistance screening and PCR identification after electroporation.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of recombinant BP26 vaccine in immunized mice.Safety experiment was carried out in three different groups:the target experiment(rBCG-BP26) group,the positive control(BCG) group and the negative control(PBS) group,15 BALB/c mice in each group.Intradermal inoculations of 100 μl rBCG-BP26 [containing 106 colony forming units(CFU)],BCG,and PBS were carried out,respectively.Signs of mice in each group were observed.After immunization for 10,20,30,and 40 days,body weight was weighed,and tail blood was collected to observe the change of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry.Results The rBCG-BP26 was successfully constructed.The expression of BP26 protein was detected in the liquid medium and the bacteria cells.The results of safety test analysis showed that there were no significant differences in signs and body weights(F=2.468,0.331,1.520,0.739,all P＞ 0.05),between PBS group[ (19.24 ± 0.54),(21.37 ± 0.66),(22.83 ± 0.62),(25.06 ± 0.37)g],BCG group[ (19.90 ± 0.02),(21.53 ± 1.57),(21.95 ± 0.55),(24.70 ± 0.39)g]and rBCG-BP26 group[ (19.16 ± 0.55 ),(20.89 ± 0.20),(22.15 ± 0.76),(24.60 ± 0.64)g].The results of flow cytometry showed that the percentages of CD4+ T cell level were lower in BCG group(26.70％,33.07％) and rBCG-BP26 group( 13.40％,26.70％) than that of the PBS group(33.85％,29.33％) and the values of CD4+/CD8+ T cells increased in rBCG-BP26 group (0.69％,1.27％,1.57％,1.70％ ) 10,20 and 30 days after immunization.Conclusions Recombinant BCG-BP26 vaccine strain can express brucella BP26 protein efficiently.Furthermore,its virulence is mild,and it can activate CD4+,CD8+ T cells in the body.It can be used as one of candidate vaccine strain against brucellosis.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of sinew-regulating bone-setting manipulations plus exercise therapy in treating chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP). Methods: A total of 65 CNLBP patients were divided into two groups by the random number table method. Thirty-three cases in the treatment group were intervened by sinew-regulating bone-setting manipulations plus exercise therapy; 32 cases in the control group were intervened by medium-frequency electrotherapy plus exercise therapy. Before and after treatment, visual analog scale (VAS), dynamic and static muscle endurance of low back, median frequency (MF) of surface electromyography (sEMG) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to evaluate the low back function. The therapeutic efficacy was estimated after treatment. Results: The two groups each had 2 dropouts during the study. The total effective rate was 90.3％ in the treatment group versus 66.7％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS score, dynamic and static muscle endurance of low back, MF of sEMG and ODI score all changed significantly in both groups (all P<0.05); all the items in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Sinew-regulating bone-setting manipulations plus exercise therapy can effectively release pain in CNLBP patients, increase muscle endurance of the low back and improve the quality of life, and its therapeutic efficacy is more significant than that of medium-frequency electrotherapy plus exercise therapy.

Background: Nummular headache is a new category of primary headache disorder characterized by consistent location, size, and shape of painful areas. The pathogenesis is uncertain. Bifocal painful areas are rare manifestations but may expand the clinical diversity of nummular headache. Methods: The clinical characteristics of 5 bifocal nummular headache patients were reported and those of 11 patients in previous studies were reviewed. Bifocal nummular headache was classifi ed into two types. Type I was defi ned as a simultaneous activation of two painful areas while type II was defi ned as two painful areas occurring in different times. Results: All 16 patients were female, with mean age of onset and initial presentation of 54.7 years and 58.2 years, respectively. There were seven type I and nine type II patients. The parietal area, especially the tuber parietale, was the leading site of involvement in both types of patients. The shape and size of painful areas were also similar between these two groups. There was an equal frequency of ipsilateral and contralateral painful areas. The pain intensity was similar in both types of patients but was milder in new painful areas than in previous painful areas in type II patients. Conclusions: Bifocal nummular headache suggests a central role of nummular headache but does not debunk the peripheral theory of nummular headache. The accumulated fi ndings in bifocal NH patients do not support a generalization of pain occurrence or a reproduction of local process of epicranial neuralgia at multiple sites in nummular headache.

This study was designed to analyze the effect of the mitochondrial respiratory pathways of Candida albicans (C.albicans) on the biofilm formation.The 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay was used to measure the metabolic activities of biofilms formed by the C.albicans which were cultured in the presence of respiratory pathways inhibitors.The biofilms formed by the wide type (WT),GOA1-deleted (GOA31),GOA1-reconstituted (GOA32),AOX1a-deleted (AOX1) and AOX1b-deleted (AOX2) C.albicans strains were examined by the XTT reduction assay and fluorescence microscopy.The expression of adhesion-related genes BCR1,ALS1,ALS3,ECE1 and HWP1 in the biofilms formed by the above five C.albicans strains was detected by real time polymerase chain reaction.It was found that the metabolic activity of biofilms formed by C.albicans was decreased in the presence of alternative oxidase inhibitor whereas it was increased in the presence of classical mitochondrial respiratory pathway complex Ⅲ or complex Ⅳ inhibitor.AOX1 strain produced scarce biofilms interspersed with few hyphal filaments.Moreover,no significant changes in the expression of BCR1 and ALS3 were observed in the AOX1 strain,but the expression of ALS1 and ECE1 was down-regulated,and that of HWP1 was up-regulated.These results indicate that both AOX1 and AOX2 can promote the biofilm formation.However,AOX1a primarily plays a regulatory role in biofilm formation in the absence of inducers where the promoting effect is mainly achieved by promoting mycelial formation.

The mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase C (GAC) is highly expressed in a variety of cancer cells, resulting in increased glutamine metabolism and cancer development. Therefore, GAC has become a potential target for anti-tumor drug development. However, current GAC inhibitors shared similar structural characteristics, few new scaffolds were reported. By conducting a prokaryotic Escherichia coli expression system, human GAC protein of high-purity was obtained through lysozyme digestion combined with ultrasound dissociation, and cobalt magnetic beads purification, Moreover, we performed studies to validate interaction between small molecules and GAC protein through thermal shift assay, drug affinity responsive target stability assay, protein crosslinking and GAC enzyme activity detection. Meanwhile, a comprehensive small molecule-protein interaction confirmation and systematic pharmacodynamic study in vitro were carried out on compound C19, which was a reported GAC inhibitor screened from the Enamine database. Results showed that C19 directly bind to GAC protein, disturbed GAC tetramers formation, and inhibited its enzyme catalytic activity. By interfering GAC function, C19 dose-dependently suppressed GAC-mediated glutamine metabolism, reduced glutamate in cancer cells, and thus alleviated A549 and NCI-H1299 non-small cell lung cancer cell growth. Together, C19 was identified as a lead compound, providing a new strategy for the structural design of drugs targeting GAC.