Objective To investigate the association between the genetic variant in the promoter region of miR-34b/c and cancer risk.Methods Databases such as PubMed、EMBase、Wanfang、VIP、CNKI and so on were searched comprehensively.Based on the including and excluding criteria,literatures that were eligible were screened and data were retrieved.Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1 software.Results Through searching and manually searching relevant references,a total of 9 articles with 10 independent studies were included.No significant associations were detected in C vs T,CC vs TT,CC + CT vs TT and CC vs CT + TT comparison models.However,in the CT vs TT comparison model,the result showed a significant association (Z =2.33,P =0.02).Meanwhile,subgroup analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer both showed significant associations with the polymorphism,with C vs T (OR =1.11,Z =2.10,P =0.04),CT vs TT (Z=2.40,P =0.02),CC +CT vs TT (Z=2.45,P=0.01) and CC vs TT (OR =0.66,Z=2.43,P=0.02),CC vs CT + TT (OR =0.67,Z =2.40,P =0.02) respectively.The C allele increased significantly the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma,and the CC genotype reduced significantly the susceptibility of colorectal cancer.Conclusion The genetic variant in the promoter region of miR-34b/c rs4938723 T ＞ C is significantly associated with the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the association between a genetic variant in Dicer and cancer risk .Methods Both English and Chi-nese databases were carefully searched comprehensively .Based on the including and excluding criteria ,literatures that were eligible were carefully screened and data were retrieved .Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5 .1 software .Pooled odds ratios(OR) and 95% confi-dential interval(CI)were used for analysis .Results Ten eligible literatures were included in the meta analysis .Meta analysis showed that the mutant allele C in 3′untranslated region polymorphism loci rs1057035 of Dicer gene might reduce the cancer risk(OR=0 .92 ,95% CI=0 .87-0 .97 ,P=0 .003) .Conclusion The variant rs1057035 T>C in Dicer gene could be related to cancer susceptibility .

Objective To investigate the expression of PPAR-γ in rectal carcinoma and the relationship between the expression of PPAR-γ and apoptosis in rectal carcinoma. Methods Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of PPAR-γ gene, bcl-2 and bax in 16 cases of the normal rectal tissue, 16 cases of rectal adenoma and 80 cases of the rectal carcinoma. TUNEL was used to detect of the AI in 80 cases of the rectal carcinoma. Results The positive rate of PPAR-γ expression in normal rectal tissue, rectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma were 6.3%, 25.0% and 71.3% respectively. Clinicopathological analysis showed that the in-crease of PPAR-γ expression were not associated with age, sex and histological classification (P > 0.05), but associated with differentiation grades, pathological stages, lymph nodes metastases and 3-year survival rate (P < 0.05). The expression of PPAR-γwas positively correla-ted with bcl - 2 and bax. AI was negative related with PPAR-γ (r = -0.51, P < 0.05). Conclusions PPAR-γ gene may play a role in the oncogenesis and progression of rectal carcinoma. The abnormal regulation of apoptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of rectal carcinoma. Detection of PPAR-γ is of great value for diagnosing colorectal carcinoma, and evaluating malignancy extent and prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Extensive studies have shown that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) plays a positive role in relieving the pain caused by a variety of diseases. However, its exact effect to manage pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis is stil controversial. TENS is classified into h-TENS and l-TENS, but currently its respective role in relieving the pain caused by knee osteoarthritis is not clear yet. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of h-TENS and l-TENS on pain relieving among patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: A computer-based search was performed on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane database for randomized controled trials on TENS for the treatment of knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis which were reported before February 2014. Methodology quality of the trials was criticaly assessed and relative data were extracted. These studies were selected independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.2 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 10 randomized controled trials involving 519 cases were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the h-TENS group had significant effects on pain relief in knee osteoarthritis patients in comparison to the control group [MD=-0.56, 95%CI(-0.98,-0.15),P=0.008]; the l-TENS group had no significant effect on pain relief in knee osteoarthritis patients in comparison to the control group [MD=-0.13, 95%CI(-1.63, 1.38),P=0.87]; the h-TENS group had significant effect on pain relief in knee osteoarthritis patients in comparison to the l-TENS group [MD=-0.85, 95%CI(-1.32, -0.37), P=0.000 5]. These findings indicate that h-TENS performs something positive to reduce pain in knee osteoarthritis patients that l-TENS cannot do. Owing to the limitations of this study, further work is needed to determine the role of TENS in pain management among patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Background Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a main cause of visual impairment in many retinal diseases.To create an ideal CNV animal model is very important for the experimental and clinical study of CNV.The assessment method of repeatable and reliable for CNV model is still seldom.Objective This experiment was to explore the label value of fluorescent antibody for visualizing and quantifying the morphologic changes associated with laser-induced CNV.Methods Laser-induced CNV models were created in 30 eyes of 15 male SPF C57BL/6J mice by Krypton red laser irradiating fundus 2 spots around the optical disc with the wavelength 647.1nm,power 260 mW,spot diameter 50μm and exposure time 0.05 seconds.The CNV was evaluated at 5 minutes,4,7,14 and 28 days after laser injury by using fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),and the successful models were identified as the rupture of Bruch's membrane.The mice were then immediately sacrificed and the eyeballs were enucleated to prepare the choroidal flatmounts.The posterior eye cups were fluorescently labeled with markers of cell nuclei (DAPI,4',6'-diamino-2-phenylindole),endothelial cells (isolectin-B4),and filamentous actin (phalloidin).The CNV areas from specimens were measured by Image pro plus 6.0.Two eyes from one matched mouse without receiving photocoagulation were used as the controlls.This study followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results No any CNV was seen in photocoagulated eyes in 5 minutes and 4 days after laser irradiation.The first sign of CNV appeared at 7 days following photocoagulation.The incidence of fluorescein leakage was 76.47% (26/34),81.81% (18/22),50.00% (5/10) at 7,14 and 28 days,respectively.The fluomicroscope examination showed that in unphotocoagulated areas,retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were visualized with a uniform hexagonal array.Immediately after laser exposure,a circular area devoid of fluorescent labeling was observed,indicating disruption of the choroid-Bruch membrane-RPE complex.On the fourth day,cellular debris and fragmented nuclei were presented and an autofluorescent ring was visible at the site of Bruch's membrane disruption.The number of CNV vessels increased exponentially during the next 3 days.At 7 days,a well-defined isolectin-B4 labeled CNV network was exhibited and lasted for 28 days.The CNV areas were (7.99±0.42)×103μm2,(16.89±3.77)×103μm2,(14.37±4.02)×103μm2 at 7,14 and 48 days after photocoagulation respectively,showing a significant difference among these three groups (F=17.340,P=0.000),and the CNV area was significantly increased in the photocoagulating eyes in 14 days and 28 days compared with 7 days (q=16.46,q=15.54,P＜0.01).Conclusion Fluorescent antibody labeling allows the well identification and measurement of laser-induced CNV lesions in mouse choroid/RPE flatmounts.This technique offers excellent morphologic detail and facilitates the study of critical early events in CNV.CNV complexes are labeled at an early stage,providing a more accurate preclinical evaluation of antiangiogenic molecule.

Circle of Willis is the most important intracranial collateral circulation system,it has many types of variation.Circle of Willis variants reduce intracranial blood perfusion and increase the risks of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and white matter lesions.White matter lesions are white matter damage caused by a variety of causes.With the wide application of neuroimaging technology,the detection rate of white matter lesions is significantly higher,and it is closely associated with the ischemic cerebrovascular disease.This article reviews the correlation between circle of Willis variants and white matter lesions.

OBJECTIVE To investigate enhanced immune function of methionine encephalin (MENK) and its anti-tumor mechanism in CT26 colon cancer mouse model. METHODS 3×106 CT26 cells were implanted subcutaneously in BALB/c mice. Four days after, MENK was peritoneally administrated at the concentration of 20 mg·kg-1 for 14 d. The percentage of MDSCs in bone marrow, spleen, blood, tumor and liver were detected by flow cytometry. Non- esterified fatty acid (NEFA), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (T-CHO) in liver homogenate were tested by a NEFA test kit, a TG test kit and a T- CHO test kit respectively. qRT- PCR and Western blot were used to measure mRNA and protein levels of inflammation-, glycometabolsim- and lipometabolsim-associated indexes in liver. RESULTS MENK decreased percentages of MDSCs in bone marrow, spleen, blood and tumor in colon cancer mice. MENK-treated mice displayed elevated ratio of CD4+T and CD8+T cells in spleen as well as increased T and B lymphocytes proliferation. Meanwhile, MENK also ameliorated liver damage reflected by lower levels of GPT and GOT in serum and reduced risks of cancer- associated index including inflammation, high lipid and high glucose. Furthermore, MENK lowered down the levels of NEFA, TG and T- CHO in liver homogenate. MENK treatment decreased expression of p- STAT3, increased expression of p-AKT, IRS1 and Glut4 at protein level as well as reduced lipogenesis-associated genes and elevated glycolysis-associated genes in liver of tumor bearing mice. Also, abated expression of genes associated with MDSCs generation (M-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-1β) and migration (S100A9, KC) was observed within shrunken subcutaneous tumor by MENK intervention. CONCLUSION MENK has the ability to strength immune function against colon cancer by reducing MDSCs and improving liver metabolism.

BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are two aging-related degenerative diseases. There are a lot of studies on their correlation, but no consensus has been reached yet. OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional association between phalangeal bone mineral density and radiographic knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:A total of 2 855 participants were included in this study. Phalangeal bone mineral density and anteroposterior films of the bilateral knees were detected. A multivariable logistic analysis model was applied to test the relationship between phalangeal bone mineral density and radiographic knee osteoarthritis after adjusting a number of potential confounding factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A positive association was observed between phalangeal bone mineral density and radiographic knee osteoarthritis in the model that was adjusted for sex, age, bone mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, total energy intake, mean calcium intake, as wel as vitamin and Ca supplementation. This association existed in the total sample and the female subgroup, but not in the male. These findings suggest a positive relationship between phalangeal bone mineral density and radiographic knee osteoarthritis in the female subgroup, which means that bone mineral density is a protective factor to knee osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND:Ultrasonic therapy is one of several physical therapy modalities suggested for the management of pain and loss of function due to osteoarthritis. However, its effectiveness stil remains controversial in the previous studies.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of ultrasonic therapy for the treatment of relieving knee osteoarthritis pain.
METHODS:A retrieval of Pubmed, Ovid/Medline, Ovid/EMBASE, and Cochranee database was performed. The relevant literatures were manual y retrieved. The retrieval deadline was set on March 31, 2014. Randomized control ed trials on ultrasonic therapy of knee osteoarthritis were col ected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of eight studies of meta-analysis were accumulated. Among them, six studies adopted visual analog scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, one study adopted visual analog scale only, and one study adopted Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. Then the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index scores were transformed into visual analog scale scores for data analysis. There was a statistical difference between the groups in the visual analog scale pain score (standardized standard deviation:-0.51;95%confidence interval:-0.68,-0.33;P=0.05). Ultrasonic therapy is an effective method for knee osteoarthritis pain.

Objective To investigate the correlation of HBV DNA level with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of HBV-associated glomerulonephritis ( HBV-GN ) .Methods One hundred and two patients with HBV-GN admitted in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University during January 2009 and October 2012 were successively enrolled.Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the serum titer of HBV DNA.According to HBV DNA levels the patients were divided into three groups:low-replication group (HBV DNA <103 copies/mL), moderate-replication group (103 copies/mL ≤HBV DNA≤105 copies/mL) and high-replication group ( HBV DNA >105 copies/mL) .Renal biopsy was performed to determine the pathological type, and immunofluorescence assay was used for quantitative detection of HBV related antigens ( HBsAg, HBcAg and HBeAg ) in kidney. All patients received lamivudine (100 mg/d) plus adefovir dipivoxil (10 mg/d) combination therapy and followed up for 18 months.The renal function, biochemical and immunological indexes before and after the treatment were measured.One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences of above parameters among patients in three groups.Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis between HBV DNA level and pathological stages in kidney.Results There were 20 patients in low-replication group, 51 in moderate-replication group and 31 in high-replication group.With the increase of serum level of HBV DNA, 24-h urine protein excretion, plasma cholesterol, and triglycerides increased (F=34.64, 40.10 and 31.72, P<0.01), plasma level of albumin decreased (F=24.04, P<0.01), and the immune complexes of HBV related antigens ( HBsAg, HBcAg and HBeAg) in kidney increased ( F=41.49, 15.64 and 10.41, P<0.01).For 78 patients with HBV-membranous nephropathy ( HBV-MN), the pathological injury was aggravated with the increase of serum level of HBV DNA (r=0.38, P<0.01).The level of 24-h urine protein excretion declined after treatment in three groups ( t =7.86, 19.28 and 16.74, P <0.01 );complement C3 increased, but no statistical significance was observed ( t =1.05, 1.04 and 1.94, P >0.05);no change in creatinine was found (t =0.14, 0.52 and 0.57, P >0.05).After 18-month treatment, clinical remission rates in three groups were 95.0% ( 19/20 ) , 70.6% ( 36/51 ) and 54.8%(17/31), respectively.The clinical remission rate was significantly lower in the high-replication group as compared with that in low-replication group (χ2 =9.44, P<0.01).Conclusion Serum level of HBV DNA is closely correlated with renal function, renal pathology and clinical remission rate in HBV-GN patients, which may be used for the evaluation of kidney biopsy, treatment and prognosis in patients with HBV-GN.