OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of opioids analgesics. METHODS:1 882 prescriptions of opi-oids analgesics for cancer pain collected from our hospital in 2014 were analyzed by defined daily dose(DDD)and drug utilization index(DUI). RESULTS:The diseases of opioids analgesics prescriptions for cancer pain in our hospital in 2014 were mainly lung cancer,accounting for 42.19%. Commonly used opioids analgesics included Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets,Oxycodone Hydrochloride sustained-release tablets and so on,and their DUI were all below 1.0. Top one drug in the list of amount and con-sumption sum was Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets,and its main dosage form were tablets,injection and patches,in which tablets occupied the largest proportion,reaching 97.30%. CONCLUSIONS:The application of opioids analgesics for cancer pain in our hospital is basically rational in terms of drug types,dosage form and route of administration,but the dose of opioids an-algesics is small and their DUI is lower than 1;at the same time,there are a few irrational prescription.

Aim: To prepare ropivacaine hydrochloride multivesicular liposomes, and to study the physicochemical properties and drug release behavior in vitro. Methods: Ropivacaine hydrochloride multivesicular liposomes were prepared by the multiple emulsion method. Single factor experiments were utilized to study the factors which affect the encapsulation efficiency of multivesicular liposomes. The formulation and pharmaceutical process were optimized by Box-Behnken experimental design, with the factors of encapsulation efficiency as the criteria. Three batches of the optimized multivesicular liposomes were prepared, and the encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release behavior were studied. Results: The particle size of the optimized multivesicular liposomes was uniform and 85% of them were well distributed in the range of 7-30 μm. The encapsulation efficiency was up to 90% when the ratios of lipid to drug, phospholipids to cholesterol and the amount of triolein was 1. 328:1(w/w) ,1.5: 1(w/ w) and 6 mmol/L, respectively. The release profile in vitro fitted to a first-order kinetics with the period of release up to 48 h in PBS buffer under 37 ℃. Conclusion: Ropivacaine hydrochloride multivesicular liposomes showed high encapsulation efficiency and significant sustained-release feature.

Objective To compare the changes in nitric oxide (NO), total ability of anti-oxidize antioxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) and maleic dialdehyde(MDA) in rats after single and accumulative 60Co γ-irradiation . Methods 48 rats were randomly divided into two groups of single and accumulative irradiation. Each group was irradiated by 60Co gamma-rays. The total irradiation doses were 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 and 6.4 Gy, respectively in each group. The NO, total ability of anti-oxidize antioxidaze, SOD, GSH-PX, CAT and MDA in serum were measured at day 1 after last irradiation. Results Compared with the single irradiation group, the NO (52.6-117.9 μmol/ml), total ability of anti-oxidize antioxidaze (3.3-26.2 U/ml), the antioxidase activity of the SOD (26.3-167.5 U/ml), GSH-PX (740.8-2462.4 U/ml), CAT (3.3-29.4 U/ml) and the content of MDA(29.3-155.1 nmol/ml) of mt serum in accumulative irradiation group were increased after irradiation, which was related with the accumulative irradiation dose. For instance, total ability of anti-oxidize antioxidase (26.2 U/ml), antioxidase activity of the SOD (167.5 U/ml) and CAT (29.4 U/ml) in 0.4 Gy group of accumulative irradiation were significandy increased when compared with those of control group. However, the content of MDA in accumulative irradiation group was obviously higher than that in single radiation group when the irradiation doses delivered over 3.2 Gy, which might be correlated with higher antioxidase activity. Conclusions Low dose of accumulative gamma-rays irradiation can induce the stimulative effect of antioxidase activity. However, higher dose of accumulative gamma-rays irradiation can damage the activity of antioxidase.

Objective To study antidepressant effect and mechanism of different polar fraction of Acorus tatarinowii Schott.on depression mouse model and explore the mechanism. Methods Different polar fractions were prepared by systematic solvent method. The adult dose recommended by Chinese Pharmacopeia ( 10 g?d-1 ) was converted to the dose of mouse. Intragastric administration was performed.A total of 80 male mice was randomly divided into normal control group,model control group and different polar fraction groups of Acorus tatarinowii Schott.. Depression mouse model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation ( CUMS) with solitary feeding,and external performance of mice of different groups was observed. After 21-day feeding,blood was harvested from eyes of the mice.Concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3),tetraiodothyronine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH) ,adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( ACTH) in mouse plasma and 5-hydroxy tryptamine ( 5-HT) , ACTH in brain were measured by ELISA method. Results Concentrations of T3 , T4 and ACTH in model control group [(1.203±0.042),(44.80±2.21),(11.27±0.50) ng?mL-1] were significantly increased as compared with the normal control group [(0.794±0.028),(24.87±1.25),(7.04±0.24) ng?mL-1] (P<0.05).Concentration of 5-HT in brain (146.87±10.96) was significantly decreased as compared with that of normal group ( 237. 11 ± 21. 87 ) ng?L-1 , and concentration of ACTH (58.94±4.46) ng?L-1 was significantly increased as compared with that of normal group [(38.89±2.26) ng?L-1,P<0.05)]. Concentrations of T3[(0.824±0.067),(0.812±0.051),(0.943±0.049) ng?mL-1],T4[(25.97±1.96),(27.53±1.88), (31.26±1.97) ng?mL-1] and ACTH [(7.21±0.40),(7.58±0.39),(8.69±0.42) ng?mL-1] in extraction group,cyclohexane group and chloroform group were significantly decreased as compared with model control group. At the recommendation dose of Chinese Pharmacopeia,concentrations of 5-HT in brain [(219.59±10.48),(202.19±11.95),(186.96±10.29) ng?L-1] were significantly increased,and concentrations of ACTH [(41.65±2.65),(44.87±2.95),(47.75±3.06) ng?L-1] were decreased ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Mouse model of CUMS shows typical depression symptom,and the symptom has relationship with the concentrations of endocrine hormones of T3 , T4 , ACTH, 5-HT, etc. Extraction and low polar fractions ( cyclohexane, and chloroform) of Acorus tatarinowii Schott. can partly correct incretion disorder of depression model, which may be parts of the reasons why Acorus tatarinowii Schott.exerts anti-depressant effect.

The dried powder of cultural mycelium of ordyceps sinensis was extractedwith 1.25 mol ? L-1sodium hydroxide and precipitated with ethanol to afford the CsOH, in 2.58% yield. CsOH was consisted of 5 monosaccharide measured by paper chromatogra-phy (PPC) and gas- liquid chromatography (GLC). CsOH given intragastrically at the dose of 500 mg?kg-1and 250 mg?kg-1,ip at a dose of 100 mg?kg-1and 50 mg?kg-1had significant hypoglycemic activities in normal mice, alloxan-induced diabetes mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetes mice, and showed a dose-effect relation.

Objective To observe the effects of T-lymphocyte function subsets,IL-4 and IFN-γ cell factor in different dose and stage after irradiation.Methoda The C57BL/6j mice were divided into shammed irradiation group and model groups.The radiation hurt model was induced by 60Co gamma rays(0.7,1.4,2.8 and 5.6 Gy).The changes of T-lymphocyte subsets CD3,CD4,CD8,IL-4 and IFN-γ in spleen cells were analyzed by flow cytometry in acute injury stage and recovery stage after irradiation.Results The lymphocyte subsets CD3 +,CD4+ and CD8 + decreased after irradiation,which were related to the irradiation dose.At 1 day after irradiation,the decreasing level of IFN-γ was higher than that of IL-4.When irradiation dose was over 2.8 Gy,IL-4 / IFN-γ showed a markedly increased compared with control group.At 25 days after irradiation,CD3 +,CD4+,CD8 +,CD4 +/CD8 +,IL-4 and IFN-γ recovered obviously,but they did not recover to the normal level of shammed irradiation group.Conclusions The depression of mouse immune function induced by γ-irradiation might be caused by changes of CD3,CD4,CD8 and CD4/CD8 ratio,especially the imbalance of IL4 and IFN-γ.

ObjectiveTo explore the abilities of automatic processing,controlled processing,selective attention by Stroop color-word test in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Methods124 patients (aged 60-90 years) with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and 126 cases with age and civilization matched healthy people were examined by Stoop color-word test (SCWT).The SCWT indexes were compared between two groups.Results Reading time of card 1,timeconsuming and error of card 2,4 and Stroop interference effects (SIE) in SCWT had significantly decreased in the patients than in the healthy people (all P＜0.05).ConclusionsThe abilities of controlled processing and selective attention,but not automatic processing are damaged in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To study the clinical features and therapeutic method of severe cerebral injured patients with hyponatremia.Methods The electrolyte and central venous pressure were examined on 45 cases of severe cerebral injured patients with hyponatremia every day.According to plasma sodium value and central venous pressure,we regulated treatment perscription daily.Results 45 patients occured hyponatremia in total 288 of severe cerebral injured patients.Hyponatremia was detected 5～13 days after operation or after injure.The morbility is usually the highest in the seventh day.Plasma sodium recovered to normal value in 14 days after operation.Conclusion Severe cerebral injured patients with hyponatremia should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible,then it will receive better prognosis.

Objective To investigate the molecular and cell signal transduction mechanisms by Lactobacillus cell wall extract(LCWE)inducing human-β-defensin-2(hBD-2)expression in human vaginal epithelial cells.Methods The induction of hBD-2 in human vaginal epithelial cells(WZV-1)by LCWE was observed using real-time PCR and Western blot.After stimulating WZV-1.the activation of NF-κB and p38MAPK signaling pathways were determined by Western blot.The induction of hBD-2 in WZV-1 cells by LCWE was observed with signaling pathways inhibitors of NF-κB and p38MAPK using real-time PCR and Western blot.Results The results showed that LCWE significantly upregulated hBD-2 expression in the time and dose-dependent manner.The maximal stimulatory effect of LCWE on the expression of hBD-2mRNA in WZV-1 cells were observed at the concentration of 50μg/ml after treatment for 8 h.After stimulation by 50μg/ml LCWE,Western blot analysis demonstrated that the phosphorylation of p38MAPK increased at 0.5 h significantly,peaked at 1 h,moreover the concentration of NF-κB in nucleus increased at 0.5 h significantly(P<0.05),peaked at 2 h.Blocking with inhibitor of NF-κB and(or)p38MAPK pathways results in decreased levels of HBD-2 expression.Conclusion These findings suggest that p38MAPK and NF-κB pathways play the important roles in induction of hBD-2 expression by LCWE in human vagihal epithelial cells.

Objective_To guide students to better adapt to the life of medical learning phase, and to plan a good profession design, while eliminate candidates do not meet the characteristics of medical school.Methods_Develop and Implement of seven stations of multiple mini-interview in 3-grave medical students.Results_The score of each station shows a normal distribute, and reliability Cronbach’sαcoefficient is 0.629.Conclusions_The design and implementation of multiple mini-interview f to link with the pre-med phase and Basic medical learning phase for 8-year program of clinical medicine is successful, and meet the purpose of ‘ examination promotes learning’ .