Bronchopulmonary dysplasia( BPD) is a chronic lung disease that commonly occurs in pre-term. Since the 1980s,with the advances in perinatal care,survival rate of preterm has been raised,while BPD continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for premature infants. However,the treatment effect of BPD is unsatisfactory. It is urgent to search for innovative ways to reduce the respiratory injury that caused by BPD as well as to improve the quality of life. In recent years,mesenchymal stem cells′( MSC) research has pro-vided a new way for the treatment of BPD. This review primarily summarizes the current status of the MSC ther-apies and its possible mechanism on BPD.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the radiosensitivity effect of Cox-2 gene in esophageal cancer.Methods Cox-2 specific siRNA was constructed and transfected to EC9706 cells to downregulate intracellular Cox-2 expression.The expressions of MMP-2,Bcl-2 mRNA,AKT and phosphorylated AKT proteins were assayed after radiation.Colony formation,cell proliferation,apoptosis and cell invasion in vitro were examined as well.One-way ANOVA method was used to analyze the data.Results Affter 2 and 4 Gy irradiation,a significant increase in the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was observed in the Cox-2 up-regulation group (F =3.36,4.32,P ＜ 0.05).In the group of Cox-2 downregulation,the expression of MMP-2 mRNA was significantly reduced(F =3.86,8.09,P ＜ 0.05).Affter irradiation,a significant decreaseof Bcl-2 mRNA (F =3.73,5.64,P ＜ 0.05) as well as an increase of Bax(F =7.03,7.42,P ＜ 0.05) was detected,and the levels of total and phosphorylated AKT proteins had the highest level in the Cox-2 upregulation group and had the lowest level in the Cox-2 downregulation group.In the Cox-2 downregulation group,the apoptosis induction obviously increased with dose (F =317.40,P ＜ 0.05),and the proportion of cells in Go-G1 phase gradually increased but the proportion of cells in S and G2-M phases decreased,concomitant with the obvious suppression of cell proliferation,in addition,cell invasion was decreased.Conclusions Downregulation of intracellular Cox-2 mRNA expression,concomitant with subsequent downregulation of MMP-2 and Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax,resulted in reduction of the invasion and metastatic capabilities of tumor cells,and induction of Go-G1 phase arrest and apoptosis.Downregulation of AKT and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) protein expression might also interfere with the capability of the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway to resist radiotherapy.

Objective:To evaluate effect of different induction chemotherapy on the clinical efficacy of concurrent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and chemotherapy and identify the prognostic factors in non-endemic locally-advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.Methods:Clinical data of 210 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ B(excluding stage T 3-4N 0M 0) nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated in our hospital from 2012 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the efficacy of different induction chemotherapy, all patients were divided into the effective group (14 cases of complete remission and 165 cases of partial remission) and ineffective group (31 cases of stability and 0 case of progression). Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan- Meier method. Multivariate analysis was conducted by using Cox′s regression model. Results:Compared with the ineffective group, the 3-year overall survival (OS)(89.2% vs. 74.2%, P=0.005), recurrence-free survival (RFS)(93.0% vs. 81.9%, P=0.010) and progression-free survival (PFS)(80.2% vs. 58.1%, P=0.005) were significantly higher in the effective group, whereas the distant metastasis-free survival did not significantly differ between two groups (84.1% vs.69.7%, P=0.070). Multivariate analysis showed that the tumor response to induction chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for OS, RFS and PFS. Conclusions:Tumor response to induction chemotherapy might be a prognostic factor for non-endemic locally-advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Clinical prognosis of patients with poor response to induction chemotherapy is even worse. More intensive treatment and closer follow-up may be needed for these patients.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; etiology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Male

Objective: To compare the efficacy difference between moxibustion at sensitized-acupoints and non-sensitized- acupoints using the same group of acupoints. Methods: A total of 139 patients with chronic superficial gastritis were divided into a sensitized acupoint group (102 cases) and a non-sensitized acupoint group (37 cases) based on whether acupoint sensitization occurred. The SPSS version 19.0 statistical software propensity score matching function was used to balance the baseline data between the groups. Finally, 29 pairs of matched patients were included, namely 29 cases in the sensitized acupoint group and 29 cases in the non-sensitized acupoint group. Both groups were treated with moxibustion therapy. The treatment lasted for 30 min per time, and was performed every other day for 8 weeks. Changes in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom score and the short-form 36-item health survey (SF-36) score in both groups were observed before and after treatment, as well as the clinical efficacy. Results: The covariates of age, course of disease, TCM symptom score and SF-36 score in the two groups were balanced after matching (all P>0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate was 100.0％ in the sensitized acupoint group and 79.3％ in the non-sensitized acupoint group. The difference in the total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). After treatment and at the 4-week follow-up, the TCM symptom scores in the sensitized acupoint group were significantly lower than those in the non-sensitized acupoint group (all P<0.01); the SF-36 scores in the sensitized acupoint group were significantly higher than those in the non-sensitized acupoint group (all P<0.01). Conclusion: With the same group of acupoints, the sensitized acupoints have a better therapeutic effect and long-term efficacy than the non-sensitized acupoints in the treatment of chronic superficial gastritis.

Objective To investigate the clinical values of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG PET-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in precise radiotherapy after surgery in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods A total of 53 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled and underwent PET-CT and MRI imaging within two weeks after surgery.The detection rates of residual lesions and lymph node metastases after surgery by PET-CT and MRI were compared on the basis of the pathological results of biopsy.The gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) determined by PET-CT and MRI were compared;the normally distributed data were analyzed using the t test, and the skewed distribution data by the Wilcoxon rank sum test.The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in predicting precise radiotherapy after surgery, as determined by PET-CT and MRI, were compared with the chi-square test.Results Fourteen patients had residual lesions after surgery.The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of PET-CT in detecting residual lesions after surgery were significantly higher than those of MRI (92.86%, 94.87%, 86.67%, 97.37%, and 94.34% vs.57.14%, 76.92%, 47.06%, 83.34%, and 71.70%, all P<0.05);the specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy of PET-CT in detecting lymph node metastases were also significantly higher than those of MRI (all P<0.05), except for the sensitivity and negative predictive value (P>0.05).For the 14 patients with residual lesions, GTVPET/CT was significantly smaller than GTVMRI(45.62±22.13 cm3 vs.60.61±23.12 cm3, P=0.034), so did CTV (125.54±17.53 cm3 vs.142.18±21.22 cm3, P=0.011).There was no significant difference between CTVPET-CT and CTVMRI in 39 patients without residual lesions after surgery (117.87±17.66 cm3 vs.128.05±20.65, P=0.099).Conclusions PET-CT is superior to MRI in detecting the residual lesions and lymph node metastases after surgery in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, which provides valuable information for radiotherapy planning.

Background The pathological foundation of diabetic retinopathy is the breakdown of the bloodretina barrier induced by multifactors.Objective This study was to investigate the retinal morphologic change and the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),endothelin(ET)and nitric oxide(NO)in diabetic rats.Methods Forty healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group and 20 rats for each group.Acute diabetes models were established by the intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin in experimental group and the equal volume of buffer solution was injected at the same way in the control group.The serum VEGF level,ET level and NO concentration of diabetic and control rats were detected using ELISA double antibody sandwich method,125I radioimmune method and nitrate reduction method respectively at 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after injection.The eyeballs of rats were enucleated at the eighth week for retinal pathologic examination.This experiment followed the Measures for the administration of experimental animals of Shanghai City.Results The retinal structure was normal throughout the experimental duration in the control group.However,retinal edema and cellular disorganization appeared at 4 months and retinal blooding could be seen with the extending of diabetes course.The levels of serum VEGF and ET in each experimental group were significantly higher than those in control groups(P＜0.05).The levels of serum NO elevated in 2-month experimental group compared with same-phase control group(Z =-2.193,P＜0.05),and those in 6-and 8-month experimental groups were significantly lower than in corresponding control groups(Z =-2.449,Z =-2.236,P＜0.05).With the progression of the disease,the levels of VEGF and ET increased gradually,but the levels of NO decreased gradually,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The level of serum VEGF showed a positive correlation with serum ET level and a negative correlation with the serum NO concentration(r=-0.814,r=-0.803,P＜0.01)in the experimental group.A negative leaner relation was also found between serum ET level and serum NO concentration(r=0.821,P＜0.01).Conclusions The serum VEGF,ET and NO levels are closely associated with the degree of retinal lesion in early diabetic models.These results suggest that serum VEGF,ET and NO levels may be the important indexes predicting the course of retinal disease in diabetic rats.

Child ; Hepatitis E ; Humans

Objective To observe the effects of Niupo Zhibao pellet, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine,on helper T cell(Th cell)expression in rats with endotoxin-induced rapid pulmonary fibrosis (RPF). Methods Two hundred and twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal control,model,dexamethasone(DXM)and Niupo Zhibao pellet(NW)groups(each n=56). By using endotoxin three-hit regimen,the RPF model was established. Three days before and 7 days after the establishment of models in NW group,they were administered with the pellet by intragastric feeding,50 mg/100 g of distilled water twice a day,a total of 10 days medication. Rats in DXM group received DXM intraperitoneal injection,3.0 mg/kg once a day for consecutive 7 days. Rats in normal control group were administered with the same volume of distilled water by intragastric administration. On 1,3,7,9,14,21,28 days after the administration,blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)specimens were collected. The contents of γ-interferon(IFN-γ)and interleukin-4(IL-4) in the serum and BALF were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). The lung tissue was stained by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Van Gieson respectively. Morphological changes in lung tissue were observed under light microscope. Results HE staining showed that the pulmonary interstitial tissues of rats in model group were thickened,there was a large amount of inflammatory exudates,and micro thrombi were seem in alveolar space. The pulmonary interstitial tissues in rats of DXM group were thickened too,but the inflammatory exudate in alveolar space was much less. Compared to rats in DXM group,the rats in NW group had slightly more inflammatory exudate and their pulmonary interstitial tissues were basically normal. Van Gieson staining showed that the expression of collagen fiber in model group was obvious,that of DXM group less than the former one but not significant,while that in the NW group was reduced markedly. ELISA assays demonstrated that the levels of IFN-γin BALF and serum in model group were increased significantly,those in DXM group were lowered to the minimum on the 7th day,raised to the levels before treatment on the 14th day,and gradually declined on the 21st day. In the NW group,the IFN-γwas consistently at a high level,and then gradually declined at a slow rate. After 7 days of drug administration,the IFN-γ levels in BALF and serum at various time points in NW group were obviously higher than those in model and DXM groups〔BALF(ng/L):140.47±4.22 vs. 149.23±8.35,90.67±6.65;serum(ng/L):140.47±4.15 vs. 100.43±11.05,99.35±7.85,P<0.05 or P<0.01〕. The levels of IL-4 in BALF and serum in each group increased significantly,reached to their maximum on the 7th day,and then gradually decreased. After the drug administration for 28 days,those levels in NW group were obviously lower than those in model and DXM group〔BALF(ng/L):6.60±1.05 vs. 7.20±1.25,8.55±1.05,serum(ng/L):6.75±1.05 vs. 7.21±1.25,8.25±1.15,P<0.05 or P<0.01〕. Conclusion Niupo Zhibao pellet can suppress inflammation,ameliorate injury of lungs and inhibit lung fibrosis by promoting IFN-γsecretion,restraining IL-4 secretion and adjusting the imbalance of Th cells.

Objective To establish a determination method for leuprolide acetate microspheres. Methods HPLC was performed on Inertsil ODS-SP (150×4.6 mm×5μm) with mobile phase consist of 0.1 mol/L of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate(adjust its pH to 7.00±0.05 with Ammonium Hydroxide) and Acetonitrile in ratio of 3:1(V/V),and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The wavelength was 220 nm and column temperature was 30℃. The injection volume was 20 μL. Results The linear range of leuprolide acetate was 20.0-160.0μg/mL (r=0.9999) with an average recovery of 99.80%,RSD=0.63%(n=9). Conclusion The method of HPLC was accurate,reliable and specific, which could be used to determinate the assay of leuprolide acetate microspheres and for quality control of microspheres.