Animals ; Arrestins ; metabolism ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; beta-Arrestins

A sensitive LC-MS/MS method to determine cocaine and its major metabolite benzoylecgonine in guinea pig's hair has been established. About 20 mg of decontaminated hair sample was hydrolyzed with 0.1 mol·L-1 HCl at 50 ℃ overnight, in the presence of cocaine-d3 and benzoylecgonine-d8 used as internal standards, and then extracted with dichlormethane. The analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) and multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode were used. The limit of detection (LOD) for cocaine and benzoylecgonine was 1 pg·mg-1. The calibration curves of extracted standards were linear over the range from 5 pg·mg-1 to 250 pg·mg-1 (r2≥0.999 7). The method was validated and applied to the analysis of guinea pig's hair after a single dose administration of cocaine hydrochloride. Cocaine and benzoylecgonine were not only detected, but also quantified in guinea pigs hair.

Objective To explore the cognitive function of the theory of mind(TOM) in early-onset schizophrenia from faux pas recognition and belief understanding dimensions.Methods 41 early-onset schizophrenias (EOS) and 40 normal adolescents were interviewed by the Chinese version of faux pas recognition task and theory of mind picture-sequencing task(ToM-PST),then early-onset schizophrenias cognitive features were analyzed.Results ①In faux pas recognition task,compared with healthy subjects,EOS showed significantly less total scores (16.11±6.34 vs 20.86±7.79,P＜0.05)and subscores of understanding faux pas questions (9.88±4.11 vs 13.27± 6.07,P＜0.05).In faux pas recognition scores(6.72±2.60vs 7.58±2.20) and control questions(9.83±0.44vs 9.97± 0.16) had no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).②In ToM-PST task,early-onset schizophrenic patients also had significantly less total score(17.29±3.38 vs 21.48± 1.73,P＜0.01),subscores of understanding first order belief,first order error belief,second order belief,second order error belief,third order error belief,sense of reality,reciprocity,fraud,detecting fraud compared to normal controls had significant difference (all P＜ 0.05 or 0.01).③ The correlation between clinical course time and PANSS score and its subscores of the theory of mind picture-sequencing and faux pas task was non-significant(P＞0.05)except the subscores of understanding the first order belief (P＜0.01).Conclusion The theory of mind is apparent damage in early onset schizophrenia and non-significant correlation is found with psychiatric symptoms.

Objective To analyze the curative effects and complications of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in treating hydrocephalus caused by different diseases in children. Methods The data of 289 children with hydrocephalus who were performed ventriculo-peritoneal shunt were examined and the incidence rate of complications was analyzed. Results Thirty-seven incidences of complications occurred in 24 patients with the total incidence rate of 12.46%.There was obstruction of proximate tube in five cases,distal end in two cases,with the obstruction rate of 2.42%.Postoperative infection happened in nine cases(3.11%).Bacterial culture was positive in three cases,two of which were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus coli in the other one.Negative results were found in six patients for the bacterial culture.Subdural hematoma occured in one case,and tube break after injury in two cases.Slit ventricle syndrome broke out seven times in three cases,leakage of cerebrospinal fluid in two,exposure of pumps in three,and subcutaneous hydrops in two.Four cases(1.38%)were dead from infection. Conclusion Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt is preferred for hydrocephalus in children if the complications are well prevented and controlled.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of fenestration in the treatment of dentigerous cyst in mixed dentition stage. Methods From 2004 to 2007, 8 cases of dentigerous cyst in mixed dentition stage were treated, among whom 3 were boys and 5 were girls with ages between 7 and 12 years old. The dentigerous cysts of 2 cases were in superior maxillary bone and the other 6 cases were in inferior maxillary bone. Each of 5 cases had one tooth in dentigerous cyst cavity, and each of the other 3 had 3 teeth in dentigerous cyst cavity. All patients received fenestration under local anesthesia. The patients were followed up for 18 months after fenestration, and the soft tissue healing, facial malformation, permanent teeth eruption and bone tissue healing were observed. Results It was found during follow up that cyst cavity disappeared in all the patients and all had normal facial morphology with no maxillary bone malformation. In five cases, permanent teeth erupted totally and dental occlusion kept normal. In one case, 2/3 of permanent teeth erupted and dental occlusion kept almost normal. While in the other two cases, permanent teeth were to erupt. It was revealed by X ray examinations that the shadow of maxillary bone density decrease disappeared in all the patients. Conclusion Fenestration can keep the teeth and bone in the treatment of dentigerous cyst in the mixed dentition stage.

Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Pilocarpine ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

To establish single- and double-transfected transgenic cells stably expressing hMATE1, hMATE1 cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR from human cryopreserved kidney tissue, and subcloned into pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid by virtue of both HindIII and Kpn I restriction enzyme sites. Subsequently, the recombined pcDNA3.1(+)- hMATE1 plasmid was transfected into MDCK, MDCK-hOCT1 or MDCK-hOCT2 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 Reagent. After a 14-day-cultivation with hygromycin B at the concentration of 400 µg · mL(-1), all clones were screened with DAPI and MPP+ as substrates to identify the best candidate. The mRNA content of hMATE1, the cellular accumulation of metformin with or without cimetidine as inhibitor, or transportation of cimetidine was further valuated. The results showed that all of the three cell models over expressed hMATE1 mRNA. The cellular accumulation of metformin in MDCK-hMATE1 was 17.6 folds of the control cell, which was significantly inhibited by 100 µmol · L(-1) cimetidine. The transcellular transport parameter net efflux ratios of cimetidine across MDCK-hOCT1/hMATE1 and MDCK-hOCT2/hMATE1 monolayer were 17.5 and 3.65, respectively. In conclusion, cell models with good hMATE1 function have been established successfully, which can be applied to study the drug transport or drug-drug interaction involving hMATE1 alone or together with hOCT1/2 in vitro.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cimetidine ; pharmacology ; DNA, Complementary ; Dogs ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Metformin ; pharmacology ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate the change of JNK and c-Jun in lung injury associated with paraquat poisoning of rats.

METHODS46 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: PQ group (n = 12), control group (n = 10), PQ + ZnPP group (n = 12) and PQ + Hm group (n = 12). The rats were injected with 2% PQ (25 mg/kg, ip) in PQ group. ZnPP and Hemin (10 mg/kg, 10 mg/ml) were injected through inguinal vein before intraperitoneal administration of 2% paraquat in PQ + ZnPP group and PQ + Hm group respectively. The rats were injected NS (1 ml/kg, ip) in control group. HE dyeing of lung tissue and MDA content of plasma were used for estimating the injury of lung tissue. The content of CO in the lung tissue was determined. The expression of HO-1 mRNA of the lung tissue was detected by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun was evaluated by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSThe degree of lung injury in PQ group and PQ + ZnPP group was higher than that in control group and PQ + Hm group. But in PQ + Hm group the degree of lung injury was lower. The content of MDA in PQ group and PQ + ZnPP group was higher than that in control group and PQ + Hm group (P < 0.01). The content of MDA in PQ + Hm group was higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). The content of CO in lung tissue in PQ group, PQ + ZnPP group and PQ + Hm group was and (1.08 +/- 0.15 mg/L) respectively, and higher than that in control group (P < 0.01). The content of CO in lung tissue in PQ + Hm group was significantly higher than that in PQ + ZnPP group (P < 0.01). The expression of HO-1 and the phosphorylation of JNK (55.24 +/- 9.34, 38.15 +/- 10.71, 128.55 +/- 19.43) and c-Jun (23.16 +/- 4.85, 15.49 +/- 3.13, 44.89 +/- 10.37) were increased remarkably in PQ group, PQ + ZnPP group and PQ + Hm group. Those in PQ + Hm group were higher significantly than PQ group and PQ + ZnPP group (P < 0.01). Those in PQ + ZnPP group were lower than PQ group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe increase of CO of lung tissue in rats at the lung injury associated with paraquat poisoning reduces the acute lung injury of rats. The level of JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation increases obviously, especially after Hemin is utilized.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Syndrome and formulae (or prescription) are two key issues in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the premise research for material basis of TCM. However, vagueness of syndromes and complexity of formulae greatly limited the evaluation to syndromes and effective substance basis of prescription. Therefore, how to solve the evaluation of syndromes, confirming the efficacy material basis in prescription are the current hot issues of international concern. To solve these problems, establishing chinmedomics by integrated serum pharmacochemistry of TCM with metabolomics technology, that is a unique method of TCM research, made outstanding contributions in solving international concerns such as the effectiveness and security aspects of TCM. On the basis of the biological characterization of syndrome, the metabolic profiling of animal models of TCM syndrome, and related metabolic fingerprints as well as metabolic biomarkers were established to evaluate the overall effects of TCM formulae and corresponding relationship of syndrome-formulae. The active constituents were screened using the plotting of correlation between (endogenous) marker metabolites and (exogenous) serum constituents (PCMS), and is ongoing verification by further biological experiments. Correlation analysis between the ingredients in the body after oral formulae and endogenous markers in vivo can be used to clarify the active ingredients and synergistic properties. This method was successfully applied for rapid discovery of potentially bioactive components and metabolites from TCM, and through a series of studies on the chinmedomics, it proved that the established method could help to explore the effective substance for further research of TCM. As a new research approach, Chinmedomics is the best method to fit the holistic concept of TCM, and it can not only interpret the essence of syndrome but also elucidate the scientific connotation of Chinese medical formulae.
Animals ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVETo establish the determination method of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside in Yangan Oral Liquid.

METHOD2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside was determined by HPLC on C18 column, in acetonitrile-water (14:86) solution as a mobile phase, detection wavelength as 320 nm.

RESULTThis method showed a good linear relationship. The average recovery was 99.05% and RSD was 1.31%.

CONCLUSIONThe method was simple with styong specificity and good repriducibility and can be used for quality control for Yangan Oral Liquid.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Stilbenes ; analysis