Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins.There are two COX isoforrns:COX-1 and COX-2.Recently it is demonstrated that there is a close relationship of COX-2 with the occurrence,development and metabasis of tumor; COX-2 inhibitor is hoping to be a new target in tumor therapy.The article overviews many progresses of COX-2 about its expression,modulation and mecha-nism of carcinogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma in order to explore the prospect of the COX-2 inhibitors in cholangioearcinoma treatment.

AIM: To investigate the effects of apelin-13 on proliferation, migration and capillary-like tube formation of a monkey choroid / retinal endothelial cell line, RF/6A, to clarify whether apelin-13 could promote retinal angiogenesis in vitro.METHODS: RF/6A cells in good conditions were administrated with DMSO (the control group), apelin-13 at 0.1μmol/L (low dose group) or apelin-13 at 1μmol/L (high dose group).Cell proliferation, migration and capillary-like tube formation were detected by using the MTT assay, scratch assay and matrigel assay, respectively, at 24h after plating the cells.RESULTS: Cell proliferation was promoted in both low and high dose apelin-13 groups compared to the control cells (P<0.05);the cell migration distance of both apelin-13 groups was significantly greater than that of the control group (P<0.05);and the number of capillary-like tube structures of both apelin-13 groups was significantly larger than that of the control cells (P<0.05).In addition, cell proliferation, migration and tube formation increased as the concentration of apelin-13 increased.CONCLUSION: Apelin-13 could obviously promote the angiogenesis capacity of RF/6A cells, suggesting that apelin-13 was an important pro-angiogenic factor in retinal endothelial cells.

AIM: To survey the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and surgical treatment for the correction of A-pattern exotropia.METHODS: The case history and surgical effect of 62 A-pattern exotropia in 1825 strabismus were studied. The superior oblique muscles weakening or the horizontal muscles procedures were performed in all patients according to the dysfunction of the superior oblique muscles, horizontal deviation, with or without binocular vision. Follow-up after surgery was 6-18months with mean duration of 9 months.RESULTS: A-pattern exotropia accounts for 3.4% of all strabismus. A-pattern exotropia accounts for 21.2% of A-V syndrome. After surgery, 52 cases got alignment, 56 cases gained A-sign correction and 54 cases recovered binocular vision.CONCLUSION: A-pattern exotropia is a common type in strabismus, its etiology is mainly oblique muscle dysfunction.Different surgical procedures should be selected according to overaction degrees of oblique muscle and binocular vision function, which can acquire the satisfied results.

AIM: To assess the impact of diabetes on corneal endothelial cells through the quantitative analysis of corneal endothelial cell morphology for patients with diabetics.
METHODS: The corneal thickness and endothelial cell morphology of 360 eyes of 299 cases were detected using full automatic corneal endothelial cell analyzer. The normal control group included 175 eyes of 148 cases, and there were 185 eyes of 151 cases for the patients with diabetes, 110 eyes of 92 cases for the non-proliferating phase group and 75 eyes of 59 cases for the proliferating phase group. The average density of central corneal endothelial cells, proportion of hexagonal cells, coefficient of variation and corneal thickness were compared among groups, and then the statistical analysis was conducted.
RESULTS: Compared with the cornea of the normal group, in the diabetes group, the coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells and central corneal thickness increased, while the average density of central corneal endothelial cells and proportion of hexagonal cells decreased, showing a significant difference (P<0. 05). Compared with the cornea of non-proliferating phase group, in the proliferating phase group, the density of central corneal endothelial cells decreased, the coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells increased, while the proportion of hexagonal cells decreased with a significant difference (P<0. 05), and the central corneal thickness increased, showing no significant difference(P>0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Compared with the cornea of normal control group, in the diabetes group, the corneal endothelial cells show abnormal morphology, which aggravates with the severity of lesions, especially for the significant changes in the coefficient of variation and the proportion of hexagonal cells. As a result, the corneal resistance to damage in patients with diabetes will decrease.

Adult ; Chlorine ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosgene ; poisoning ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; chemically induced

Biomedical Research ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; methods

4-Hydroxycoumarins ; poisoning ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Poisoning ; diagnosis ; Prothrombin Time

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between Chinese medical syndrome types and metabolomics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

METHODSTotally 120 NSCLC patients were assigned to asthenia syndrome group and sthenia syndrome group, 60 in each group. Meanwhile, 60 cases of benign pulmonary nodules in physical examinations were recruited as the control group. Tumor tissues or benign pulmonary nodules tissues were obtained by thoracoscope. Changes of their metabolites were observed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Their differences were studied using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). ROC curve analysis was performed in different metabolic compounds of sthenia and asthenia syndromes groups. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the sensitivity of diagnosing syndrome types.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, difference existed in 16 compounds. Of them , contents of citric acid, pyruvic acid, alanine, choline phosphate, glycerol phosphate choline, linoleic acid, oleic acid, lactic acid, inositol were more in the two tumors group than in the control group. Difference existed in 10 compounds between the sthenia syndrome group and the asthenia syndrome group. Of them, citric acid, pyruvic acid, alanine, choline phosphate, glycerol phosphate choline, lactic acid, and inositol were more in the asthenia syndrome group than in the sthenia syndrome group. Contents of valine, glucose, and glutamine were more in the sthenia syndrome group than in the asthenia syndrome group. ROC curve analyses of different compounds indicated that AUC of lactic acid and glucose was more than 0.8 (P < 0.01); AUC of inositol, choline phosphate, and glycerol phosphate choline was more than 0.7 (P < 0.01); AUC of valine, citric acid, glutamine, alanine, and pyruvic acid was more than 0.6 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere existed certain correlation between CM syndrome types and metabolomics of lung cancer. Lactic acid, glucose, inositol, choline phosphate, glycerol phosphate choline, valine, citric acid, glutamine, alanine, pyruvic acid were sensitive diagnostic compounds, and the first four kinds were most sensitive compounds.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Principal Component Analysis ; Pyruvic Acid

Objective:To examine the adiponectin level in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF)in patients of chronic periodontitis with dia-betes mellitus type 2.Methods:20 patients of diabetes mellitus type 2 with chronic periodontitis(DM&CP),20 of periodontitis(CP) and 20 health subjects(H)were included.The periodontal indexes (SBI,PLI,PD and AL)were measured,GCF samples were quan-tified by periotron 8000,the adiponectin content in GCF was tested by adiponectin ELISA kit.The relationship between the adiponectin level in GCF and the periodontal indexes of the DM&CP patients was analyzed statistically.Results:The adiponectin level in GCF in group DM&CP was significantly lower than that in the other 2 groups(P <0.05).The adiponectin levels in GCF in group CP and H were not statistically different.The adiponectin level in GCF was negatively correlated with PD and AL(P <0.05),but had no correlation with SBI and PLI(P >0.05).Conclusion:Decrease of adiponectin in GCF may play a role in the development of DM&CP.

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Kechuanning granules. Methods: A TLC method was used for the qualitative study on the main ingredients, Radix stemonae,ephedra and bitter almond. An HPLC method was used to determine the con-tents of ephedrine hydrochloride,pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and amygdalin. The separation of targeted compounds was performed on a Tech Mate C18-ST column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) . The mobile phase consisted of methanol(A) and 0. 1% phosphoric acid (B) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1. The detection wavelength was 207nm and the column temperature was 35℃. Results:The spots in TLC were quite clear without any interference from negative control. The linear relationship of ephedrine hydrochloride,pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and amygdalin was 1. 826-182. 600μg·ml-1( r=0. 9997),1. 848-184. 815μg·ml-1 (r=0. 9997) and 2. 981-298. 069 μg·ml-1(r=0. 9996),respectively. The average recovery was 97. 00%,97. 40% and 98. 30%(RSD=3.7%,2.5%,1.6%)(n=9),respectively. Conclusion: The method is sensitive,accurate,simple and reproducible,which can be used for the quality control of Kechuanning granules.