Objective Leucine -rich repeat (LRR) -containing G protein -coupled receptor 6 (Lgr6) is glycoprotein hormone receptor and a part of G protein -coupled receptors (GPCRs).Lgr6 is composed of 977 amino acid residues of a polypeptide chain.Having 17 leucine -rich repeats and seven transmembrane domain.In the N -and C -termini are connected with cysteine -rich sequences.It is highest homologous to Lgr4 and Lgr5,but less relationship with thyroid stimulating hormone receptor,progesterone receptor,and follicle -stimulating hormone recep-tor.Research found out that Lgr6 marks in the hair follicles of stem cells can differentiate into all cells in the skin and Lgr6 expression in tumor also has important biological significance.

?A great number of miRNAs have been shown to play critical roles in pathological angiogenesis, the oxidative stress response, immune response and inflammation, all of which have been shown to have important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of age- related macular degeneration ( AMD) . Here we reviewed the pathological processes involved in AMD and the roles of miRNAs in these processes, and discussed potential miRNAs-based therapeutics for AMD.

Objective To find a indicator in urine to assist diagnosis of cerebral infarction,we investigated the changes of urine ferritin in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Collected serum from 30 healthy volunteers and 53 patients with cerebral infarction(CI),with ratio of males to females 19∶11 vs.30∶ 23,and average age was (56 ± 11) vs.(63 ± 11) respectively.Collected urine from 39 heathy volunteers and 33 patients with CI,with ratio of males to females 25∶14 vs.20∶ 13,and average age was (57 ± 10) vs.(64 ± 11) respectively.Ferritin concentration in all samples was detected with the chemical luminescence method,and the urine ferritin/urine cretinin (uFer/uCr) ratio was calculated.Differences of serum ferritin and uFer/uCr between healthy volunteers and CI patients were analyzed with the statistical software under Wilcoxon test.Urinary proteins were extracted with absolute ethanol.The extracted ferritin was displayed with Western blot for light chains and heavy chains to investigate the difference between healthy volunteers and CI patients.Results uFer/uCr was higher than that from healthy volunteers (U =292.00,P ＜0.05),and the median was (14.86 vs.6.22) μg/g.Moreover,after extraction of urinary proteins with alcohol,both light chains and heavy chains of ferritin in urine from CI patients were much more obvious than that from healthy volunteers.Conclusion The uFer/uCr ratio could provide a new proof to assist the diagnosis of cerebral infarction.

ObjectiveTo study the personality traits,interpersonal trust and coping style of juveniles in criminal gangs and their relationship. Methods 15 male juveniles who committed crimes without gangs ( group1 ),52 male juveniles who committed crimes by gangs( group2 ) and 40 male lawful freshmen( group3 ) were tested with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ( EPQ),Trust Scale and Coping Style Questionnaire.The data were statistically analyzed by covariance analysis or Pearson relation analysis.ResultsAfter the covariant effect of education levels was removed,the levels of P and N in EPQ of group1 ( P:57.49 ± 2.62,N:59.35 ± 3.55 ) and group2 ( P:57.83 ± 1.24,N:59.60 ± 1.68 ) were higher than those of group3 ( P:43.88 ± 4.72,N:39.07 ±6.40) with statistical difference (P＜0.05).The level of E of group1 (63.41 ±3.86) was higher than that of group2 (53.01 ± 1.83 ) with statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of P,D and F in Trust Scale of greup1 (P:24.68 ± 1.51,D:14.36 ±2.19,F:15.49 ±2.21) and group2(P:22.95 ±0.71,D:22.48 ± 1.04,F:23.09 ±1.05 ) were lower than those of group3 ( P:33.14 ± 2.72,D:40.22 ± 3.95,F:38.44 ± 3.99) with statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01 ).The levels of self-accusation and fantasy in Coping Style Questionnaire of group1 ( 0.80 ±0.08,0.83 ± 0.06 respectively) and group2 (group2:0.59 ± 0.04,0.68 ± 0.03,respectively) were higher than those of group3 (0.39 ± 0.14,0.44 ± 0.11,respectively) with statistical difference (P＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ),while the levels of problem-solving of group1 ( 0.76 ± 0.06 ) and group2 ( 0.70 ± 0.03 ) were lower than that of group3 ( 0.95 ± 0.11 ) with statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).For the male juveniles who committed crimes by gangs,the P of personality traits had a statistical linkage with the problem-resolving and self-accusation of coping style ( r =- 0.389,- 0.395,P ＜ 0.05 ),the N of personality traits had a statiseical linkage with the F of interpersonal trust and the self-accusation of coping style ( r=-0.473,0454,P ＜ 0.05 ),and the E of personality traits had a statistical linkage with the help-seeking of coping style ( r=0.400,P＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe personality traits,interpersonal trust and coping styles of male juveniles who committed crimes with or without gangs and the lawful men are different.These psychological factors may have certain effect on juvenile gang crimes.

Aim The changes and characteristics of liver drug-metabolizing and antioxiditive functions in different status of hepatic injury was investigated to provide support for clinical drug treatments in hepatic fibrosis. Methods Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) and other mixture factors were used to make animal model of acute hepatic injury, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, respectively. Subcelluar fractions of liver were prepared by differential centrifugation. Activities of drug-metabolizing and antioxidative enzymes were monitored. Results Levels of phase I enzymes-cytochrome P450 (CYP), CYP1A1 (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation), CYP2E1 (aniline hydroxylation), CYP3A1/2 (erythromycin N-demethylation), and phase Ⅱ enzymes-glutathione S-transferase (GST) were reduced remarkably in hepatic microsomes in different hepatic injury status in a time-dependent manner. However, the activity of CYP2E1 came to be the lowest in acute hepatic injury and recovered gradually when injury time was prolonged. In hepatic fibrosis, the activities of CYP1A,CYP2E1,CYP3A and GST reached 68%,56%,81% and 59%, respectively, of the control, and the functions of antioxidative enzymes in cytosol GST,catalase(Cat) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) declined to 85%,76% and 54%, respectively, of the control. Conclusion The xenobiotic-metabolizing abilities in liver with hepatic fibrosis were distinctly decreased, which constantly relates with the degrees and the lengths of hepatic injury.

Objective To observe the expression of DR5 in the ocular tissues of uveitis rats induced by endotoxin,and study the relationship between the apoptosis of inflammatory cells and expression of TRAIL / DR5.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:Blank control group,normal saline injection group and endotoxin injection group.The endotoxin injection group was injected with lipopolysaccharide into the rat posterior foot pad to make endotoxin-induced uveitis animal model.There were no operations in the blank control group,and the subgroups were divided into 6 hours,12 hours,24 hours and 48 hours groups according to the time of injection.The ultrastructural changes of inflammatory cells and endothelial cells in iris capillaries were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The expression of DtR5 protein on inflammatory cells at different time after endotoxin induction was detected by SABC method.Results TEM showed that the microvilli of the capillary endothelial cells in the iris tissue of the blank control group and saline injection group had more obvious vesicles with no obvious abnormal structure and shape.The number of swallowed vesicles in the capillary endothelial cells injected with endotoxin was decreased at 6 hours group,and the number of vesicles in the infiltrating neutrophils and lymphocytes decreased.Neutrophils and lymphocytes appear chromatin condensation,vacuolar changes in the expression of apoptosis.Immunohistochemistry showed that the DR5 protein was negative in the iridocular epithelium of the blank control group and saline injection group.In the endotoxin injection group,the DR5 protein was weakly colored in the iris pigment epithelium and appeared on the inflammatory cells.The number of staining and the intensity of coloring in the 24 hours group were significantly higher than those in the 6 hours group,and the color density was 0.085 9 ± 0.019 6,there were statistical differences compared with 6 hours group,12 hours group and 48 hours group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TRAIL and its receptor DR5 may be involved in the apoptosis of inflammatory cells in endotoxin-induced uveitis.

Objective To study the expression of GPC3 mRNA and GPC3 protein in ovarian carcinoma, and to investigate the clinical significance of their expression. Methods 35 specimens of ovarian carcinomas and 23 specimens of normal ovarian tissues were obtained from the patients undergoing operation during Jan. 2004 to Oct. 2005. The expressions of GPC3 mRNA in ovarian carcinomas and normal ovarian tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). The clinical and pathological characteristics of ovarian carcinomas were analyzed. The expression of GPC3 protein was detected in 4 specimens of ovarian carcinomas and 3 specimens of normal ovarian tissues by Western bloting. Results The expression level of GPC3 mRNA in ovarian carcinomatous was down-regulated compared with that in normal ovarian tissues (P0.05). The expression of GPC3 protein was consistent with the expression of GPC3 mRNA. GPC3 protein was doubly or trebly expressed in normal ovarian tissues compared with ovarian carcinomas. Conclusion The present study suggests that GPC3 may be related to the occurrence and development of the ovarian carcinoma. The simultaneous determination of GPC3 and CA125 may increase the sensitivity of diagnosis for ovarian carcinoma.

SWNTs are a mixture of 1/3 metallic SWNTs (m-SWNTs) and 2/3 semiconducting SWNTs (s-SWNTs). It is desirable to separate the metallic SWNTs from the semi-conducting ones. In this study m-SWNTs was separated by using a poly[(m-phenylenevinylene)-alt-(p-phenylenevinylene)] (PmPV) derivative and used as photo-thermal media instead of SWNTs. The separation effects of m-SWNTs were evaluated by Raman spectra, molecular modeling and TEM images. The effects of m-SWNTs on MCF-7 cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated with MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. m-SWNTs were separated with high purity. A strong inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth was observed with the m-SWNTs under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Our results will be helpful for the potential applications of m-SWNTs in clinical photothermal cancer therapy.
Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Light ; MCF-7 Cells ; drug effects ; Models, Molecular ; Nanotubes, Carbon

Background Flicker light can induce myopia,but its mechanism remains unclear.As one of immediate early genes,early growth response-1 (Egr-1) gene can generate rapid response to visual stimulation,however,its effect on the formation and development of myopia is below understood.Objective This study was to investigate the dynamic expression of Egr-1 gene in retinas of flicker light-induced eyes (FL) and compare the results with form deprived eyes (FD).Methods One hundred and fifty 28-day-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the normal control group,FD group and FL group.The right eyes of mice were occluded with a semitransparent hemispherical thin plastic shell for 2 weeks in the FD group,and the right eyes of mice were stimulated by 2 Hz flicker light for 2 weeks in the FL group,and then the mice were fed in the normal light environment for 1 week.The refractive state and axial length of the model eyes were measured by murine-specific eccentric infrared photorefraction and A-scan ultrasonography before modeling and 1 hour,I day,1 week,2 weeks after modeling as well as 1 week after termination,respectively.The mice were sacrificed in above-mentioned time points to isolate the retinas.The expressions and location of Egr-1 protein and mRNA in the retinas were detected by Western blot,and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunochemistry.The expressions of Egr-1 markers,neuron and protein kinase C (PKC)-α,in the retinas were assayed by using immunofluorescence.The care and use of the animals followed the administration regulations for experimental animals of Jiangsu Province.Results Two weeks after modeling,the refraction of the FL group was (0.32±0.14) D,which was significantly lower than (-0.66±0.43)D in the FD group (t=6.78,P=0.00).One hour after modeling,The expression levels of Egr-1 mRNA in mouse retinas were 0.626±0.044 and 0.695±0.058 in the FD group and FL group,which were significantly declined in comparison with 1.009±0.089 of the normal group (t=14.81,P=0.01;t=9.15,P=0.03).In 2 weeks after modeling,the expression levels of Egr-1 mRNA were still lower in the FD group and F:L group compared with the normal group (all at P＜0.05).However,the expression levels were significantly elevated in the FD group and FL group compared with the normal group (t=4.13,P=0.01;t=4.26,P=0.01) at 1 week after termination.Western blot showed a dynamic decrease in the expressions of Egr-1 protein with lapse of time in the FD group and FL group with the lowest expressing level in the second week after modeling.In I week after termination of modeling,the expressing level was raised in the FD group or the FL group,but it was still lower than that ir the normal group (t =6.32,P=0.00;t =5.45,P=0.01).Egr-1 protein was mainly expressed in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer,inner nuclear layer and photoreceptor layer in the normal mice,and the expression intensity was obviously weaker in the FD mice and FL mice 2 weeks after modeling.Htowever,the expression was enhanced in 1 week after termination of modeling.Neuron and PKC-α were strongly expressed in the RGCs and bipolar cells in the normal mice.Conclusions The eyes show a myopic trend after induce of flicker light in B6 mice.The expression level of Egr-1 gene in the retina down-regulates with the reduce of refraction in FL eyes,and its dynamic expressing change is consistent between the FD eyes and FL eyes.

Hierarchical medical system is a high priority in China ’s health reform,bearing significant impacts on remolding of its healthcare system,in which tertiary public hospitals must redefine its role.Five strategies have been proposed as follows:the first is internal management;The second is high-tech;Third is paring assistance;Fourth is telemedicine;Fifth is better medical conditions.