With the development of organ transplantation for nearly half a century, currently the hot issues in clinical renal transplantation have already shifted to the application of low toxicity immunosuppressive drugs and their projects, as well as the research of technique which induces low or no immunity response to the specific donor. At present the main effective strategies of inducing immune tolerance are donor specific blood transfusion and donor specific bone marrow transplantation. This article summarizes the background, mechanism and clinical application of these two strategies.

Objective To identify the nursing interventions and activities for hemiplegic patients in various functions suffered from stroke,and guide clinical practice.Methods Review rehabilitation of evidence-based clinical practice and literature of hemiplegic patients,stroke patients in different functional states were continuously cared and recorded by a researcher.Nursing program was identified according to patients' functions and the sixth edition of Nursing Interventions Classification,8 experts were consulted by a questionnaire survey,which was based on the initial screened nursing interventions and activities,30 nurses and 41 experts were consulted then.Results The established nursing program included 20 interventions and 307 activities.80％-100％ nurses' opinions culminated in consensus on the selected interventions.The selected activities scored 4.00-5.00 in average,with the coefficient of variations ranging from 0.00 to 0.25.Conclusions The established nursing program is convenient to communication and could be a tool to guide the clinical nursing practice.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Stress, Psychological ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workplace ; psychology

Objective To research the relationship between plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) level and endothelium-dependent arterial dilation (EDAD) in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods The subjects included 40 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and 46 healthy subjects.Insulin therapy were then given to all diabetic patients for 6 months.Plasma OPG was measured by a sandwich ELISA method,and brachial artery diameter was determined by high resolution ultrasound at rest after reactive hyperemia and after sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN).Results Plasma OPG level in diabetic patients before treatment was (3.44?0.52) ng/L,which was significantly higher than that in control (2.38?0.25 ) ng/L (P

PCR/ASO probes were applied to analyse the T-786C polymorphisms in 5′-flanking region of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)gene in type 2 diabetic patients with or without nephropatby and healthy individuals.The results showed that the T-786C polymorphisms of eNOS gene seemed to be related to diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.

Objective To investigate the current situation and variation in the tendency of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Shanxi province, to assess the effectiveness of prevention measures, and to provide evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control of the disease. Methods In 2008, according to "The National Technical Scheme for Kaschin-Beck Disease Control in 2007", children aged 7 - 12 years underwent clinical and X-ray examination in two historical severe KBD areas of Shanxi province, the observed position on Xray film was finger bone and carpal bone. Adults aged 16 years and above were clinically examined in 50 villages of 13 counties of KBD areas, Shanxi province. The diagnosis was based on "Diagnostic Standard of Kashin-Beck Disease"(GB 16003-1995), the adult patients were degreed according to the state of illness and divided into different groups according to their ages. Results A total of 181 children were examined, none of them was diagnosed as clinical KBD patient. The positive cases of X-ray were 2, X-ray detectable rate of metaphysis was 1.1% for children.In the 50 villages 13 871 of adults were examined and 801 KBD patients were found and the detectable rate was 5.77%. The detectable rate increased with age. The adult patients distributed mainly in the subpopulation aged 51years and above and these patients accounted for 70.66% (566/801) of total people examined. Degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients at these ages accounted for 71.78%(206/287) of total degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients. Conclusions The state of child KBD in Shanxi is under the national control standards. The detectable rate of adult KBD is higher. Relevant departments should pay close attention to the treatment of adult patients.

Paeoniflorin is the main active ingredient of Chinese herbaceous peony. This study is to investigate the protective effect of paeoniflorin (Pae) on acute brain damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. The mice were randomly assigned to the normal control, model control (LPS), as well as groups of paeoniflorin and lipopolysaccharide (Pae + LPS). Then the mice were administered intraperitioneally with normal saline or Pae (10, 30 mg · kg(-1)) once daily for 6 d. One hour after intrapertioneally treatment on the seventh day, each group were injected LPS (5 mg · kg(-1)) to establish the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide inflammation model except the normal group. The mice were sacrificed after 6 h and the brain homogenates were prepared and measured. The malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), succinatedehydrogenase (SDH), Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase were dectected by the colorimetric method. The levels of HO-1 and Nrf2 protein in subcellular fractions of brain tissue were detected by Western blot. The results demonstrated that the administration with paeoniflorin reduced the levels of the MDA production; significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzyme (SOD and GSH-PX). In addition, paeoniflorin could enhance the total antioxidant capacity, decrease the level of H2O2, and increase the activities of SDH, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase. Furthermore, paeoniflorin can increase the expression of HO-1 and activate the nuclear transfer of Nrf2. Taking together, these findings suggest that paeoniflorin alleviate the acute inflammation in mice brain damage induced by LPS, which is related with its antioxidant effect and improvement of energy metabolism.
Animals ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; genetics ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism

AIM:To explore the inhibitive effects of cervical lymphadenectomy on kerstoplasy after alkaline burns.METHODS:The Wistar rats' corneas were transplanted into Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats' eyes which were randomly divided into 4 groups:group A(control group);group B,the cervicallymphadenectomy group;group C,corneal transplantation after the alkali burn injury;group D,cervical lymphadenectomy following group C.Out of 6 rats in each group,the cornea of one rat Was used for mawophage immunohistochemistry at day 14 after the transplantstion,and the remaining 5 rats were used for studying corneal immune rejection with a slit lamp.The time when allograft rejection occurred was recorded and mean survival times(MST)were compared among the groups.RESULTS:Compared with the MST of group A(10.40±1.14 days),the MST of group B(46.30±9.46 days)Was significantly longer(P＜0.05).MST of grafts between group C(7.00± 1.58 days)and group D(15.00±3.39 days)was also significant (P＜0.05).At 14th day after the transplantation,there was no CD68 immunoreactivity in the graft of group B,and CD68 proteins were expressed to some extent in the grafts of group A and D.However,in the graft of group C,the expression of proteins Was dramatically up-regulated.CONCLUSION:Cervical lymphadenectomy therapy has a significant effect in preventing corneal allograft rejection in normal and alkali burned oorneai beds.

Objective To observe the long term effects of arthroscopic knee debridement and reconstructing operation for treating osteoarthritis in patients with Kaschin-Beck disease. Methods Thirty-one cases of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were followed for 6 years after operation of articular clearing by arthroscope. Index of pain, symptoms of self-evaluation, range of motion, walking distance, standing test by affected leg when bending at 30° or 60° were recorded and compared with the preoperative results. Results Twenty-four cases were followed up for 6 years. Six years after operation the pain index(3.38 ± 2.87) was dramatically decreased compared to that before operation (6.88 ± 1.45, t = 5.30, P ＜ 0.05). Patients symptoms markedly improved by subjective self-evaluation was 70.83% (17/24), the effective rate was 100% (24/24). The number of cases that could stand up when leg bending at 30° or 60° were 21,18 cases, respectively, compared with that of preoperative of 14, 11 cases, respectively, the difference was statistically significant(x2 = 5.17,4.27, all P ＜ 0.05). Six years after operation the walking distance(3 cases ＜ 1 km, 11 cases 1 - 5 km and 10 cases ＞ 5 km) were greatly improved compared to the results before operation (12 cases ＜ 1 km, 9 cases 1 - 5 km and 3 cases ＞ 5 km, U = 2.88, P ＜0.05). Six years after operation the knee activity[(132.25 ± 14.52)°] remained at the same level, compared with that of preoperative [(131 .58 ± 14.68) °], the difference was not statistically significant (t = 0.16, P ＞ 0.05) .Conclusions The method of arthroscopic joint debridement to cure Kaschin-Beck disease knee osteoarthritis can significantly reduce pain, improve function and walking distance, with more stable long-term satisfactory outcome.

Objective To evaluate engraftment status of patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(Allo-HSCT) and prompt relapse of disease based on DNA polymorphism analysis technique.Methods Sixty-six cases were detected by DNA polymorphism analysis technique and 25 cases were monitored and analyzed dynamically during this period.Results After Allo-HSCT,48 patients obtained type of donors,but 13 patients did not; 5 patients showed mixed chimerism.Two cases of type of donors converted into mixed chimerism and 4 cases of mixed chimerism converted into type of donors after some time. The others' engraftment status did not change.Conclusion DNA polymorphism analysis technique can detect engraftment status of patients exactly, rapidly, which provides effective evidences of constitution for more clinical therapy projects.