The studies of animal models have shown that the expression of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) is abnormal during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,which indicating that it is associated with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,especially MMP-2,MMP-3 and MMP-9 play the important roles in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Understanding of the roles and expressions of MMP,the factors affecting its expression,and the studies and application of the related antibodies in cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury may provide a new alternative for the early diagnosis,prevention and treatment of cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the significance of prescription analysis in Chinese drugs dispensing and to probe into the profound connotation of the dispensing of prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicines.METHODS:Take the basic theory of Chinese medicine as the basis,the importance of prescription analysis in the dispensing of traditional Chinese medicines were analyzed from aspects of the patients' clinical diagnosis,medication intention as well as the function and properties of drugs etc.RESULTS:8 essential factors were found to be involved in prescription analysis,which shed new light on the omnidirectional pharmacy care provided for patients.CONCLUSION:The key for Chinese drugs dispensing lies in the prescription analysis.

Objective To compare the pharmacodynamic actions of Liuwei Dihuang Pills(LDP)prepared by four kinds of techniques on hemolysin contents in mice.Methods Sensitized by SRBC,immuno-inhibited mice models were induced by dexamethasone and cyclophosphane respectively.The hemolysin contents in the mice fed with LDP prepared by four kinds of techniques were observed to compare the pharmacodynamic actions.Results In experiment 1 that immuno-inhibited mice models were induced by cyclophosphane,the half hemolysin concentration(HC50)was low in the model group and LDP groups,especially in the LDP groups of techniqueⅡ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ.In experiment 2 that immuno-inhibited mice models were induced by dexamethasone,the difference of HC50 was insignificant between the blank control group,LDP groups of techniqueⅠand concentrated LDP group,the difference also being not significant in LDP groups of techniqueⅠat different dosages.Conclusion The dose of LDP can be reduced according to the experiment,however,the process technique of LDP needs to be improved.For this prescription is indicated for the treatment of yin-deficiency syndrome,dexamethasone can be used as the proposed drug for the establishment of the immuno-inhibited models.To confirm the reasonability of formula revolution,more parameters should be added to observe the pharmacodynamic actions.

Objective In order to explore the effectiveness of defluoride project on the control of endemic fluorosis in Yantai economic & technological development area. Methods Nine hundred forty-five children aged 7-12 were selected in 4 endemic fluorosis disease areas (Guxian,Bajiao,Dajijia Streets and Changjiang community) and the control area of Yantai economic & technological development area. Prevalence of children's dental fluorosis was determined by Dean method. Water fluoride content was measured in the 4 endemic fluomsis disease area by means of fluorides ion selective electrode. Results Childr dental fluorosis prevalence rate in Guxian,Bajiao,Dajijia Streets and Changjiang community was respectively 30.1% (55/183),41.2% (73/177),33.7% (66/196),31.8% (64/201),higher than those in the control area [13.3% (25/188)]; the median of water fluoride in the 4 disease areas was 1.84,3.46,2.39,2.10 mg/L,respectively,higher than the National Health on the control of endemic fluorosis is not obvious,Standard (1.00 mg/L). Conclusions Effect of the defluoride project in Yantai economic & technological development area needs to be improved.

RNA interference(RNAi) is an high efficient,specific gene silencing.The discovery process of RNAi and its mechanism was reviewed.In the further,RNAi will play important roles in characterizing new genes in the metabolic pathways,improving plant nutritional value,enhancing plant resistance and creating new varieties.

Objective To evaluate the role of mierosurgery in surgical treatment to urethrocutaneous fistula after urethroplasty in hypospadias and improve surgical results.Methods From 1999 to 2006,44 urethrocutaneous fistulae (more than 3mm in diameter) after urethroplasty for hypospadias in 33 patients were repaired with different skin flaps.For example,Thiersch technique,urthroplasty,etc.Microsurgical tech- nique was employed in every case.Results The success rates of different procedure were 84.8% (28/33) for Thiersch technique,100% (11/11) for urethroplasty respectively.The total success rate was 88.6%(39/ 44).Conclusion It's just application of skin flap for repairing of big or complex urinary fistula after hypos- padias surgery.The application of microsurgical technique can increase success rate.It is necessary to excise scar and partial urethra for hypospadias fistula combined with urethral structures,cicatricial eontracture and in- curvation of penis.Rich blood-supply,low tension and atraumatic technique are all very important to improve surgery success rates of urinary,fistula after hypospadias repair.

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) neuroprotection by studying the effect of rhEPO on expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and BCL-2 following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was induced by the intraluminal filament method, and intraperitoneal injection of rhEPO was used for intervention. Histopathological changes were observed by HE staining, and the expressions of MMP-9 and BCL-2 in the cerebral cortex of ischemic side were detected with immunohisto-chemistry. Results HE staining: At all time points, the numbers of surviving nerve cells were significantly higher in the rhEPO group, and their injury degree was significantly lower. MMP-9 immunohistochemistry staining: The positive cells were observed occasionally in the normal control group and the sham-operation group; the MMP-9 positive cells at the ischemic side of brain tissue in a normal saline control group began to appear at 6 hours after reperfusion, it reached the peak at 24 hours and began to decrease at 72 hours; the change trend of MMP-9 positive cells in the rhEPO group was similar to that in the normal saline control group, but it was significantly lower than that in the normal saline control group at the same time points (t were 12. 023 6, 12. 635 0, 12. 779 6, respectively, all P <0. 01). BCL-2 immunohistochemistry staining: No positive cells were found in the normal control group and sham-operation group. The numbers of BCL-2 positive cells reached the peak at the ischemic side of brain tissue in the normal saline control group at 6 hours after reperfusion, it reached the peak at 24 hours and further decreased at 72 hours; the change trend of BCL-2 positive cells in the rhEPO group was similar to that in the normal saline control group, but it was significantly higher than that in the normal saline control group at the same time points (t were 5. 763 1,8. 110 1, and 5. 798 7, respectively, all P <0. 01). Conclusions rhEPO may inhibit cortical neuronal apop-tosis at the ischemic side by inhibiting MMP-9 expression and up-regulating BCL-2 expression so as to play a neuroprotective effect.

Objective To investigate the effect of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl 40 injection (HSH)on craniocerebral injury accompanied with hypovolemic shock and ICP.Method Sixty patients suffering from craniecerebral injury accompanied with the hypovolemic shock and admitted to ICU and Neurosurgical Department of Guang dong General Hospital from September 2007 to June 2008,were chosen into the study prospectively.Those who was younger than 18years or older than 70 years,and those who were pregnant or meustruous women,or serious hepatic and renal insufficiency,hypertension,coronaxy artery disease,diabets mellitue,uncontrolled bleeding,brain death,erc were excluded.The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups.Each group included 20 patients and they were resuscitated with LR(500 ml),HIS(4 ml/kg)and HSH(4 ml/kg)respectively.The changos of blood pressure,laboratory examination indices and ICP Were detected before and at 30,60,120 minutes after resuscitation.Results MAP raised over 60 mmHg and ICP declined 10%within 30 min in HIS and HSH groups.The effect of HSH on the improving of blood pressure and the reduction of ICP wag more obvious than that of LR and HIS at 120 minutes(F=18.43,8.99,P<0.05)after resuscitation.There were no obvious oboes of the laboratory examination indices after resuscitation.Conclusions The themputic effect of HSH on ICP and MAP in craniocerebral injury accompanied with hypovolemic shock is obvious and lasting,which would be beneficial to the protection of cerebral function.

ICH GCP requires that all information of clinical trial should be recorded, processed, and stored in a way that allows the accurate reporting, interpretation and verification. A trial master file (TMF) contains all paper or electronic records/documentations related to a clinical trial. As a tool of the retrospective analysis, the TMF profile should be able to reproduce the full procedure of the trial completely. As a part of TMF profiles, both the accuracy and completeness of clinical data management documentation are important in data integrity. It is helpful to learn the workflow of clinical data management in different stage of a clinical trial, to understand which documents are essential, and why the documentation of clinical data management is important for data integrity. This paper elaborates how to perform the good documentation practice of clinical data management, and suggests that both the precise and efficient document management and regular quality control may ensure the high quality of clinical data documentation management on the basis of an intensive awareness of the overall process of clinical data management.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Data Curation ; standards ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; methods ; standards

Objective To research the electrocardiogram (ECG) manifestations of common electrolyte disturbance and to discuss the accuracy of ECG diagnosis. Methods One hundred and sixty-nine hospitalized patients with hyperkalemia and 170 patients with hypokalemia were selected and the results of ECG were analyzed. Results In mild hyperkalemia patients (serum potassium concentration 5.5- 6.5 mmol/L), the ECG abnormal rate was 91.4% (64/70). In mild hypokalemia patients (serum potassium concentration 3.0-3.5 mmol/L), the ECG abnormal rate was 56.9% (41/72). There was significant difference (P < 0.05). The greater the deviation of serum potassium concentration, the more obvious the characteristic changes of ECG. Conclusions In addition to the blood biochemical test, ECG is also a kind of check tool that can help to diagnose abnormal blood potassium.