To provide basic information for the proper usage of frozen convenience foods in elementary school foodservice operations, 51 dietitian employeed in school foodservices in Inchon were surveyed. Among the frozen convenience foods, dumpling-type foods(60.8%) and processed meats(40.4%)were used widely in school foodservice. Generally, the frequency of using frozen food items was fewer than 1 time per month. More than 15% of respondents were using pork cutlet, chiken, chikenball, dumpling stuffed with meat about 2-3 times per month. Sweet and sour pork(Tangsuyuk), kebap(Sanjuk), fish/shrimp cutlet, fried potato items were used only fewer than 1 time per month. Dietitian's age, carrier, employed status influenced the utilization rate. The grand mean of satisfaction score was 3.36 out of 5. The factors affecting satisfaction in using frozen foods were sanitation, taste, price, nutrition, food additives in order. The major reasons of utilizaing frozen convenience foods were 'improved labor productivity(4.47)' and 'meet customer preference(4.25)'. The limiting factors in using frozen foods were taste(35.3%), price(23.5%), nutrition(17.6%). The management practices of frozen convenience foods through food processing flow were assessed. Average performance rate was 64.7%. To enlarge the usage of frozen convenience foods in foodservice operations, dietitians should observe sanitary practices.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Fast Foods* ; Food Additives ; Food Handling ; Frozen Foods ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Meat ; Nutritionists ; Sanitation ; Solanum tuberosum

To provide basic information for the proper usage of frozen convenience foods in elementary school foodservice operations, 51 dietitian employeed in school foodservices in Inchon were surveyed. Among the frozen convenience foods, dumpling-type foods(60.8%) and processed meats(40.4%)were used widely in school foodservice. Generally, the frequency of using frozen food items was fewer than 1 time per month. More than 15% of respondents were using pork cutlet, chiken, chikenball, dumpling stuffed with meat about 2-3 times per month. Sweet and sour pork(Tangsuyuk), kebap(Sanjuk), fish/shrimp cutlet, fried potato items were used only fewer than 1 time per month. Dietitian's age, carrier, employed status influenced the utilization rate. The grand mean of satisfaction score was 3.36 out of 5. The factors affecting satisfaction in using frozen foods were sanitation, taste, price, nutrition, food additives in order. The major reasons of utilizaing frozen convenience foods were 'improved labor productivity(4.47)' and 'meet customer preference(4.25)'. The limiting factors in using frozen foods were taste(35.3%), price(23.5%), nutrition(17.6%). The management practices of frozen convenience foods through food processing flow were assessed. Average performance rate was 64.7%. To enlarge the usage of frozen convenience foods in foodservice operations, dietitians should observe sanitary practices.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Fast Foods* ; Food Additives ; Food Handling ; Frozen Foods ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Meat ; Nutritionists ; Sanitation ; Solanum tuberosum

Although excessive arteriovenous fistula blood flow may be a factor in the development of high-output cardiac failure, this diagnosis is easily over-looked. Surgical reduction of fistula blood flow can improve the condition. We here report a case of high-output cardiac failure due to excessive arterio-venous fistula blood flow in a hemodialysis patient. A 51-year-old man who had been treated with hemodialysis since 5 years ago was admitted for increasing cardiac failure. Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac output and duplex measurement of the fistula confirmed the diagnosis of high-output cardiac failure due to excessive arteriovenous fistula blood flow. After surgical closure of the fistula, the signs and symptoms of cardiac failure subsequently subsided and both systolic and diastolic dimension of left ventricle much decreased.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Cardiac Output ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Fistula ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Renal Dialysis*

Supravalvular aortic stenosis is an uncommon congenital narrowing of the ascending aorta that may be localized or diffuse, originating at the superior margin of the sinuses of Valsalva just above the level of the coronary arteries. The most common complication of supravalvular aortic stenosis is early onset of intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. The coronary arterial lesions of supravalvular aortic stenosis are dilatation or coronary artery ostial obstruction. We experienced a case of supravalvular aortic stenosis combined with right coronary artery ostial obstruction. A 21 year-old female patient was admitted because of exertional dyspnea and chest pain for 2 months. Cardiac catheterization showed a narrowing of ascending aorta with prominent calcification in the lesion and moderate aortic valve insufficiency. The peak to peak left ventricular-supravalvular aortic pressure gradient was 54 mmHg. Selective coronary angiography revealed as a complete obstruction of the ostium of the right coronary artery. Surgical correction was performed successfully. Postoperative left ventricular-supravalvular aortic pressure gradient was decreased to 22 mmHg. Postoperative clinical course was favorable and she was discharged with good condition. We present a case of supravalvular aortic stenosis combined with right coronary artery ostial obstruction with a review of literatures.
Aorta ; Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular* ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Arterial Pressure ; Atherosclerosis ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dilatation ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Diabetic foot wound (DFW) is known as a major contributor of nontraumatic lower extremity amputation. We aimed to evaluate overall amputation rates and risk factors for amputation in patients with DFW. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2014 to December 2017, 141 patients with DFW were enrolled. We determined rates and risk factors of major amputation in DFW and in DFW with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). In addition, we investigated rates and predictors for amputation in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). RESULTS: The overall rate of major amputation was 26.2% in patients with DFW. Among 141 DFWs, 76 patients (53.9%) had PAOD and 29 patients (38.2%) of 76 DFWs with PAOD underwent major amputation. Wound state according to Wagner classification, congestive heart failure, leukocytosis, dementia, and PAOD were the significant risk factors for major amputation. In DFW with PAOD, Wagner classification grades and leukocytosis were the predictors for major amputation. In addition, amputation was performed for 28 patients (38.4%) while major amputation was performed for 5 patients (6.8%) of 73 DFUs. Only the presence of osteomyelitis (OM) showed significant difference for amputation in DFU. CONCLUSION: This study represented that approximately a quarter of DFWs underwent major amputation. Moreover, over half of DFW patients had PAOD and about 38.2% of them underwent major amputation. Wound state and PAOD was major predictors for major amputation in DFW. Systemic factors, such as CHF, leukocytosis, and dementia were identified as risk factors for major amputation. In terms of DFU, 38.4% underwent amputation and the presence of OM was a determinant for amputation.
Amputation ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; Classification ; Dementia ; Diabetic Foot ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Lower Extremity ; Osteomyelitis ; Risk Factors ; Ulcer ; Wounds and Injuries

Race and ethnicity are influential in estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We aimed to find the Korean coefficients for the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equations and to obtain novel proper estimation equations. Reference GFR was measured by systemic inulin clearance. Serum creatinine (SCr) values were measured by the alkaline picrate Jaffe kinetic method, then, recalibrated to CX3 analyzer and to isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). The Korean coefficients for the 4 and 6 variable MDRD and IDMS MDRD study equations based on the SCr recalibrated to CX3 and to IDMS were 0.73989/0.74254 and 0.99096/0.9554, respectively. Coefficients for the 4 and 6 variable MDRD equations based on the SCr measured by Jaffe method were 1.09825 and 1.04334, respectively. The modified equations showed better performances than the original equations. The novel 4 variable equations for Korean based on the SCr measured and recalibrated to IDMS were 107.904xSCr-1.009xage-0.02 (x0.667, if woman) and 87.832xSCr-0.882xage0.01 (x0.653, if woman), respectively. Modified estimations of the MDRD and IDMS MDRD study equations with ethnic coefficients and the novel equations improve the performance of GFR estimation for the overall renal function.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Algorithms ; Creatinine/blood ; *Diet ; Female ; *Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Inulin/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/*ethnology/physiopathology ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea/ethnology

Post-menopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a major global human health concern. Owing to the need for therapeutic drugs without side effects, natural extracts containing various polyphenolic compounds that may exert estrogenic effects have been studied in depth. Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), which has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for centuries in Korea, was recently revealed to exert estrogenic effects attributable to its bioactive ingredients sulfuretin and butein, which have strong estrogen receptor–binding affinities. In this study, the protective potential of RVS in PMO was evaluated by using an experimental animal model of PMO, which was established by ovariectomy (OVX) of female Sprague Dawley rats. The oral administration of RVS at 20 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg for 8 weeks markedly protected against OVX-induced atrophy of the uterine tube and reversed the elevation in the ratio of serum receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand to osteoprotegerin, which is a marker of disease severity. In addition, RVS inhibited OVX-induced tibia bone loss, activated osteogenic activity, and suppressed osteoclastic activity in the tibial epiphyseal plate, a region of bone remodeling. Collectively, these factors indicated that the oral intake of RVS might be beneficial for the prevention of PMO.
Administration, Oral ; Atrophy ; Bone Remodeling ; Estrogens ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Growth Plate ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Korea ; Models, Animal ; Models, Theoretical* ; Osteoclasts ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal* ; Osteoprotegerin ; Ovariectomy ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhus* ; Tibia

PURPOSE: Synchronous colorectal cancer is clinically significant because there is a chance to miss concurrent lesions. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical features of synchronous colorectal cancer. METHODS: Retrospectively, the records of 4,494 colorectal cancer patients who underwent a potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer from September 1994 to December 2005 were reviewed. Synchronous colorectal cancer was defined according to the following two criteria: 1) two or more colorectal cancers had to be found simultaneously in the same patient and 2) each of the tumors had to be distinctly separated by an intact bowel wall. RESULTS: Synchronous colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 114 patients (2.5%). Synchronous colorectal cancer shows different features compared with single colorectal cancer. Synchronous colorectal cancer occurs at a older age, occurs more frequently in the colon, has a bigger size, and has more polyps. There was no difference of stage based on survival rate between synchronous and single colorectal cancer patients. The preoperative diagnosis rate of synchronous colorectal cancer was 74.6%. Eleven (9.6%) synchronous colorectal cancer patients underwent a total colectomy, and there were no significant differences in survival or complications compared with the other group. CONCLUSION: Synchronous colorectal cancer is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Early postoperative examination for synchronous colorectal cancer is required, especially in patients who did not have a complete preoperative evaluation.
Colectomy ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Polyps ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Cataract-related Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ). Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 141 cataract patients was conducted from March 2022 to June 2022. The questionnaire was created based on a literature review and advice from an expert panel. This study determined its construct validity, criterion validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Results: The CVFQ consists of 15 items distributed among five categories: overall visual quality, overall visual function, distance vision, near vision, and glare. In the exploratory factor analysis of validity, the first three principal components explained 77.8% of the variance. The p-values in the Spearman correlation test comparing the pre- and postoperative total CVFQ score and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were 0.006 and 0.004, respectively. In the reliability analysis, Cronbach’s alpha was > 0.9 for internal consistency and the p-values of each subcategory were all significant in the analysis of test-retest reliability. Conclusions Our results indicate that the CVFQ is useful for measuring the visual quality and visual function of cataract patients in Korea.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between reduced glutathione (GSH), a key molecule of the antioxidant defense system in the blood, and glutathione reductase (GR), which reduces oxidized glutathione (glutathione disulfide [GSSG]) to GSH and maintains the redox balance, with the prevalence of Alzheimer’s dementia and cognitive decline. Methods: In all, 20 participants with Alzheimer’s dementia who completed the third follow-up clinical evaluation over 6 years were selected, and 20 participants with normal cognition were selected after age and sex matching. The GSH and GR concentrations were the independent variables. Clinical diagnosis and neurocognitive test scores were the dependent variables indicating cognitive status. Results: The higher the level of GR, the greater the possibility of having normal cognition than of developing Alzheimer’s dementia. Additionally, the higher the level of GR, the higher the neurocognitive test scores. However, this association was not significant for GSH. After 6 years, the conversion rate from normal cognition to cognitive impairment was significantly higher in the lower 50th percentile of the GR group than in the upper 50th percentile. Conclusion The higher the GR, the lower the prevalence of Alzheimer’s dementia and incidence of cognitive impairment and the higher the cognitive test scores. Therefore, GR is a potential protective biomarker against Alzheimer’s dementia and cognitive decline.