No abstract available.
Lipomatosis* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) during sustained ventricular fibrillation (VF), the effects of gliburide, a specific blocker of KATP channel and PCO400, an KATP opener, were studied in isolated and perfused swine right ventricular free walls (n=). METHODS: Recording of single cell transmembrane potentials was performed and constructed action potential duration restitution (APDR) curve by plotting APD 90%(APD90) versus preceding diastolic interval (DI). RESULTS: All isolated tissues fibrillated spontaneously. In this preparation, stable VF could persist over a 4-hour period if it was allowed to continue undisturbed (n=). Gliburide (1-5 uM) increased DI without significant changes in APD90 during VF, resulting in more regularization of VF. Higher concentration (10-20 uM) increased both APD90 and DI, and converted to monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MVT) through the transitional period characterized by APD alternans. PCO400 (1-2.5 uM) caused a significant shortening of APD during MVT and a period of APD alternans became more evident before conversion from MVT to VF. Gliburide eliminated profibrillatory effect of PCO400. This antifibrillatory action of gliburide was accompanied by gradual decrease in the maximum slope of APDR curve during VF. CONCLUSION: KATP channel blockade causes a transition from VF to MVT via lengthening of DI and APD alternans, concomitantly with a reduction of the slope of APD restitution curve.
Action Potentials ; Membrane Potentials ; Potassium Channels ; Swine ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Ventricular Fibrillation*

No abstract available.
Histiocytosis ; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell ; Stomach* ; Xanthomatosis*

Pneumococcus is the most frequently encountered causative pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia in elderly patients. The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is widely used for preventing pneumococcal diseases in adults. PPV23 is relatively safe; however, some cutaneous adverse reactions, including localized mild inflammation associated with erythema, a sensation of heat, and tenderness, have been reported. Systemic reactions such as myalgia, arthralgia, and headache have also been reported, though severe adverse reactions are rare. In the Korean literature, a case of localized toxic reaction near the injection site after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) administration was previously reported. However, there are no published reports of a generalized skin rash after PPV23. Herein, we report a case of PPV23-induced generalized skin rash on the face, neck, upper trunk, and both arms with a local adverse reaction at the injection site after vaccination.
Adult ; Aged ; Arm ; Arthralgia ; Drug Eruptions ; Erythema ; Exanthema ; Headache ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Myalgia ; Neck ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Pneumonia ; Sensation ; Skin* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Vaccination*

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PCALCL) is a rare cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Most cases are composed of large anaplastic cells. However, it presents a wide spectrum of histologic patterns. In the small cell variant, a small-sized pleomorphic cell morphology can be seen. A 74-year-old woman presented with an 8-month history of asymptomatic ulcerative plaque and satellite nodule on the right calf. Her past medical history was not specific. The histologic findings on punch biopsy specimens showed a malignant small round cell tumor on both lesions. The tumor cells had large pleomorphic nuclei with multinucleation and some eosinophilic cytoplasm. We performed immunohistochemical staining to rule out neuroectodermal tumor, neuroendocrine tumor, melanoma, lymphoma, and so on. However, the staining results were negative for pancytokeratin, CD3, CD20, CD99, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, ALK, HMB45, desmin, kappa, lambda, myoglobin, and S-100 protein. CT, MRI, and PET-CT were negative for extracutaneous involvement. Total excision was done, and additional immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm the origin of the tumor. Staining results for vimentin, LCA, CD4, and CD30 were positive. We concluded that these findings were consistent with the small cell variant CD30+ PCALCL, which occurs rarely.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Chromogranin A ; Cytoplasm ; Desmin ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic* ; Lymphoma, Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Melanoma ; Myoglobin ; Neuroectodermal Tumors ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; S100 Proteins ; Synaptophysin ; Ulcer ; Vimentin

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PCALCL) is a rare cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Most cases are composed of large anaplastic cells. However, it presents a wide spectrum of histologic patterns. In the small cell variant, a small-sized pleomorphic cell morphology can be seen. A 74-year-old woman presented with an 8-month history of asymptomatic ulcerative plaque and satellite nodule on the right calf. Her past medical history was not specific. The histologic findings on punch biopsy specimens showed a malignant small round cell tumor on both lesions. The tumor cells had large pleomorphic nuclei with multinucleation and some eosinophilic cytoplasm. We performed immunohistochemical staining to rule out neuroectodermal tumor, neuroendocrine tumor, melanoma, lymphoma, and so on. However, the staining results were negative for pancytokeratin, CD3, CD20, CD99, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, ALK, HMB45, desmin, kappa, lambda, myoglobin, and S-100 protein. CT, MRI, and PET-CT were negative for extracutaneous involvement. Total excision was done, and additional immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm the origin of the tumor. Staining results for vimentin, LCA, CD4, and CD30 were positive. We concluded that these findings were consistent with the small cell variant CD30+ PCALCL, which occurs rarely.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Chromogranin A ; Cytoplasm ; Desmin ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic* ; Lymphoma, Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Melanoma ; Myoglobin ; Neuroectodermal Tumors ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; S100 Proteins ; Synaptophysin ; Ulcer ; Vimentin

PURPOSE: Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) play a core function in colonic motility as a pacemaker by regulating the slow wave. We intended to investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of the circular smooth muscle in the human colon, especially in Koreans. METHODS: Colon tissues were obtained from patients undergoing an elective colectomy for non-obstructive lesions. Tissues were immediately stored in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer's bicarbonate solution, and conventional microelectrode recordings of the colonic circular muscle were done from muscle cells. RESULTS: The trans-membrane potentials from 100 tissues were recorded. Regular slow-wave patterns were observed in 36 patients, and 64 patients showed irregular wave patterns. In the tissues exhibiting regular slow-wave patterns, 20 tissues were recorded from the proximal colon and 16 from the distal colon. The frequency of the slow wave from the proximal part was significantly higher than that from the distal part. The resting membrane potential, the upstroke amplitude, the spike amplitude, and the maximal rate of rise showed no significant difference between the two parts, but the time to reach half amplitude did show a significant difference between the two parts. No significant differences in parameters were observed based on the patients' demographics such as sex and age (younger or older than 60). We were able to divide the irregular waves into 3 groups. Irregular slow waves were observed in 35 tissues, irregular slow waves mixed with spike waves were observed in 26 tissues, and spike waves alone were observed in 3 tissues. CONCLUSION: We analyzed the electrophysiological characteristics of the human colonic circular smooth muscle, especially those of the slow wave originating from ICC of patients who had not been pretreated with drugs.
Colectomy ; Colon ; Demography ; Humans ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; Membrane Potentials ; Microelectrodes ; Muscle Cells ; Muscle, Smooth ; Muscles ; Oxygen

PURPOSE: Glyphosate is widely used and its toxic exposures are not rare. Occasionally, glyphosate intoxication can lead to death. The aim of this study is to analyze clinical findings and fatality in glyphosate intoxication. METHODS: Clinical data on acute glyphosate intoxication were prospectively collected at 28 hospitals nationwide between August 2005 and July 2006. The patients' clinical symptoms and characteristics of fatalities were investigated and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Among 105 patients who were finally included, gastrointestinal symptoms(59%) were the most common. A significant difference in the amount ingested was observed between patients with higher systolic blood pressure and those with systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 80 mmHg (p<0.001). The more the patients ingested, the more aggravated their mental status became (p=0.004). Seven patients(6.7%) died, and all of them had ingested greater than or equal to 200 ml. Patients who died had ingested greater amounts than the survivors (p<0.001), and their mental status was worse (p<0.001), and systolic blood pressure was lower (p<0.001). According to the result of logistic regression analysis, relative risk was 24.1-fold higher in the 'poor' mental status group compared with 'good'. CONCLUSION: Patients who ingested large amounts of glyphosate showed poor mental status and lower blood pressure. Statistical difference in amount ingested, mental status, and systolic blood pressure was observed between survivors and patients who died. Ingested amounts and mental status were the most important factor of the prognosis of glyphosate intoxication.
Blood Pressure ; Herbicides ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Poisoning ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Survivors

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study are clinical application of perfusion computed tomography (perfusion CT) in hydrocephalus and comparison its cerebral blood flow parameters with transcranial doppler (TCD) and clinical outcome. METHOD: 25 patients with hydrocephalus took pre- and postoperative perfusion CT and TCD. 15 patients without neurologic deficit were also examined with same protocol as a control. Blood flow parameters of perfusion CT, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV) and mean transit time (MTT) were analyzed according to clinical status and postoperative outcome. So did the TCD parameters, mean flow velocity (mFv) and pulsatility index (PI) with regard to clinical outcome. RESULTS: Perfusion CT parameters of the hydrocephalus showed decrease in CBF (gray matter P=0.035, periventricular region P=0.042) and increase in MTT (gray matter P=0.039, periventricular region P=0.045) compared to control. In postoperative improvement group, there noted reversal of perfusion parameters close to those of the control. TCD parameters showed increase in mFv (P=0.047), and decrease in PI (P=0.042) in cases with improvement. CONCLUSION: Perfusion brain CT and TCD can used as clinically useful tools to predict the postoperative outcome on hydrocephalus.
Blood Volume ; Brain ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Perfusion*

PURPOSE: Partial obstruction of the small bowel causes hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells and enteric neurons. After small bowel obstruction, slow waves have also been reported to disappear or to be greatly reduced at the oral site of the obstruction in the murine ileum. The purpose of this research was to study the changes in migrating motor complexes (MMCs) after partial obstruction in order to compensate for the attenuated function of slow waves. METHODS: A ring of film (6 mm in length, 4 mm in internal diameter) was placed over the small intestine 5-6 cm oral to the ileocecal valve in 8-10 wk old female ICR mice. These rings resulted in a partial obstruction of the intestine after 2 wk. The mechanical activities of the small intestine were recorded and the amplitude, interval, and half-duration of the MMCs were analyzed. RESULTS: The MMCs from a partially obstructed ileum occurred every 1.58+/-1.06 min and had a half-duration of 6.90+/-5.54 sec. The interval and the half-duration of the control MMCs were 3.60+/-1.11 min and 31.5+/-11.4 sec, respectively. The difference in interval and the half-duration of the MMCs reached statistical significance (P=0.03; P=0.00). The amplitude and the area under the curve (AUC) of the MMCs of the obstructed ileum were much higher than those of the control (31.3+/-8.86 vs. 6.05+/-1.92 mN; 161.18+/-44.09 vs. 72.95+/-2.45 mN . sec/MMC wave; P=0.00, 0.02). CONCLUSION: The MMCs with higher amplitude and AUC, with shorter interval, and with shorter half-duration, compared with those of the control, were recorded from the partially obstructed murine ileum, reflecting efforts to overcome the effect of obstruction by increasing the power of contractions.
Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Contracts ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Ileocecal Valve ; Ileum ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intestine, Small ; Intestines ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; Neurons