Questionnaire survey was performed in order to set an adequate meal table for athletes taking their food preferences into consideration. The survey was conducted against 32 athletes of a professional soccer team. Statistical data analysis was performed utilizing SAS package program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 18.8% of the answerers were found out to consider their autotrophic nutritional status as above average, 75.0% considered theirs as up to the average and 6.2%, below average. Among answers to the question what they consider as the most critical factor in their staying healthy; sound sleep won the most votes followed by enough rest, tranquillity and balanced eating habit. Yet, 68.8% replied their meal sizes were not settled. And 46.9% thought nutritive supplement helpful and 96.9% of the answerers said a dietitian is required as their health manager. 62.5% of them preferred Korean cuisine. Chigye and Chongol were the most preferred menus(55.6%) and Namul (28.1%), Muchim(26.3%) and Cheok.cheon(23.9%) enjoyed relatively low preference.
Athletes* ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Eating ; Food Preferences* ; Humans ; Meals ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritionists ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Soccer*

The purpose of this study was to determine the attributes and factors of brand personality for contract foodservice management companies. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to five students at universities operating under the top five companies in contract foodservice management. The following statistical analyses were conducted for the data assessment: descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, reliability analysis, and factor analysis, using the SPSS Win(12.0) package program. From these analyses we divided a company's brand personality into the following five functional and emotional elements: sensibility, sincerity, confidence, competence, and excitement. Based on these five elements a total of 26 scales were developed to measure brand attributes of the companies. The variance was explained by 19.29% of sensibility, 17.65% of sincerity, 15.71% of confidence, 14.06% of competence, and 13.62% of excitement. The calculated Cronbach's alpha was more than .90 for all the scales measuring the five attributes, indicating good internal consistency. There were significant differences in sensibility(p<.01), sincerity(p<.001), creditability(p<.01), competence (p<.001), and excitement(p<.001) among the companies. In regards to overall brand personality, company a had a higher mean score for sincerity, while the other companies had higher mean scores for competence. Among the brand personalities, 'confidence' had the highest mean score with 3.36, followed by 'cooperation' (3.17), 'successful'(3.12), 'leadership'(3.11), and 'down-to-earth'(3.02).
Analysis of Variance ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Questionnaires ; Weights and Measures

This study was performed in order to measure consumed quantity of garlic and its content in each meal. Statistical data analysis was performed utilizing SAS package program. The results of this study can be summarized as followed ; 82% of foodservice surveyed has served garlic seasoned with soy sauce or vinegar etc. Kimchis was included in each meal in 98% of them and only 13.7% of them served Kimchis made by themselves. The Unit price of meal makes significant differences in the number of side dishes and the serving frequency of beverages and rice cakes. The content of garlic in meal were 2.6g in Soups, 2.9g in Stews, 1.9g in Namuls, 2.4g in Panbroiled foods, 3.0g in Hardboiled foods, 4.0g in Smothered dishes, 3.7g in Kimchis, respectively. Consumed garlic quantity makes significant differences by unit price of meal and consumption style of Kimchis(p<0.05).
Acetic Acid ; Beverages ; Commerce* ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Garlic* ; Meals* ; Seasons ; Soy Foods

This study was carried out to investigate the job characteristics and relationships between general charactristics and job satisfaction of the dietician in community health center. The subjects were 40 dieticians who responded to the questionnaire distributed at the annual education program in 1997. Statistival data analysis was completed using SAS packge program for frequencies, means, chi-square-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results of this study acn be summarizd as follows. 45.0% of the dieticians were 26 to 30 years old, four-year-course university graduates were 75.0% and daily workers were 72.5% The level of hte job satisfaction of the dietician in community health center was the highes in the relationship with colleagues. The other parts of job satisfaction such as effects of nutrition counselling and education, value achievement as a dietician, general work and supervision by supervisors were above average, The general characteristics such as the age, the level of education, employment conditions, working hours per week and total length of service were significantly to all fields of job satisfaction except general work.
Adult ; Community Health Centers* ; Education ; Employment ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction* ; Nutritionists* ; Organization and Administration ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate and compare maxillary arch dimensional and positional changes between first and second premolar extraction groups. The Calorific Machine was used to illustrate tooth movement in three dimensions. The experimental teeth except the first or second premolars were embedded in artificial alveolar bone. The extraction space was closed using arch wires with bull loops into which 15 degree gable bends were placed. Before and after space closure, radiographs were taken in the sagittal and occlusal directions using occlusal films. The results showed greater mean maxillary incisor retraction and less anchorage loss in the maxillary first premolar extraction group than in the maxillary second premolar extraction group. Mesiopalatal rotation of anchor teeth was greater after extraction of a maxillary second premolar than a maxillary first premolar (p<.001).
Bicuspid* ; Decompression Sickness ; Dentition* ; Incisor ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement

The purpose of this experimental study was to determine appropriate magnitude of the Gable bends to produce maximum retraction of the anterior teeth. The Calorific Machine was used to illustrate the tooth movement in three dimension. The experimental teeth except the first premolar were embedded in the artificial alveolar bone part. In a series of experiments, the extraction space was closed using arch wires with bull loops into which the gable bends of 10degrees, 20degrees, 30degrees degrees were incorporated. The experiments were repeated three times for each degree of the gable bend. Before and after the space closure, radiographs were taken in the sagittal and occlusal directions using occlusal films. Analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc test were used to determine significant differences among the three groups. The following results were obtained. 1. As magnitudes of the gable bends increased, more bodily anterior tooth movement was seen and the distance of retraction also increased. 2. As magnitudes of the gable bends increase, the amount of posterior tooth protraction decreased while intrusive and buccal movement increased. 3. The arch was coordinated by distal-in rotation of the canine and mesial-in rotation of the second premolar adjacent to the extraction space.
Bicuspid ; Decompression Sickness* ; Dentition* ; Tooth Movement* ; Tooth*

Juvenile dermatomyositis is a common inflammatory muscle disease of childhood, characterized by weakness in proximal muscles and specific skin rash. In case of juvenile dermatomyositis without characteristic clinical features, non-invasive imaging tools such as (99m)Tc-HDP three-phase bone scan are very helpful in diagnostic workup of myopathies. We report a case of 13-year old female with juvenile dermatomyositis, in which (99m)Tc-HDP three-phase bone scan was useful in diagnosis and assessing therapy response.
Dermatomyositis ; Exanthema ; Female ; Humans ; Muscles ; Muscular Diseases ; Myositis

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (biliary IPN) is a rare disease characterized by multicentric proliferation of adenomatous epithelium within the bile ducts. The common clinical manifestations are recurrent abdominal pain, jaundice, and acute cholangitis. We report a case of hemobilia caused by biliary IPN. A 59-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of hemobilia of unknown origin. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiography revealed dilatation of the S6 segmental duct with an ovoid-shaped intraductal mass. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy showed multiple papillary masses with bleeding in the S6 segmental duct. The patient underwent a right lobectomy, and the pathology revealed a well differentiated intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; Bile ; Bile Ducts ; Cholangiography ; Cholangitis ; Dilatation ; Epithelium ; Hemobilia ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Middle Aged ; Rare Diseases

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is beneficial for improving endothelial dysfunction and preventing atherosclerosis-related diseases. We evaluated the affect of ALA on stent restenosis in a porcine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The First experiment: Balloon overdilation injuries were performed in two coronary arteries in 12 pigs. Four weeks after the balloon overdilation injury, 24 bare metal stents were placed for 24 injured coronary arteries. We randomized into two groups (12 stents per group; control group: aspirin and clopidogrel only, ALA group: aspirin and clopidogrel plus 100 mg/kg ALA during 4 weeks). The Second experiment: Stents were randomly implanted in 2 coronary arteries in 8 pigs. Group I was the control stent group (n=8), and group II was the ALA coated stent group (n=8). Follow-up coronary angiogram and histopathologic assessment were performed at 4 weeks after stenting in both experiments. RESULTS: The First experiment On histopathologic analysis, the injury score and internal elastic lamina area did not differ significantly between the two groups. The neointimal area was 7.3+/-0.9 mm2 in the control group and 2.2+/-1.1 mm2 in the ALA group (p<0.001), and the histopathologic area of stenosis was 75.9+/-8.5% in the control group and 23.5+/-10.5% in the ALA group (p<0.001). The Second experiment: The injury score and internal elastic lamina area were not significantly different between the two groups. The neointimal area was 7.4+/-1.1 mm2 in the control group and 1.4+/-0.8 mm2 in the ALA group (p<0.001), and the histopathologic area of stenosis was 77.6+/-10.9% in the control group and 15.6+/-7.6% in the ALA group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Both a high dose of oral ALA and ALA coated stents inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in this porcine coronary artery stent restenosis model.
Administration, Oral* ; Aspirin ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hyperplasia ; Stents* ; Swine ; Thioctic Acid*

Angiography is a useful diagnostic tool in cases with massive gastrointestinal bleeding such as angiodysplasia and varicosis when endoscopy is not available. Angiodysplasia and varicosis have distinguishable characteristic features on angiography, such as the presence of a nidus, visible late-draining veins, and the typical vascular tuft. We recently treated a rare case of congenital angiodysplasia without the characteristic angiodysplasia features on angiography. Instead, the patient presented with a very rare case of idiopathic jejunal varicosis. A 42-year-old woman visited the emergency room with the chief complaint of melena for three days and a hemoglobin level of 5.9 g/dL. An abdominal CT angiogram showed varicosis at the jejunal mesentery. Angiography of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries showed tortuous and dilated jejunal and ileal branches during the venous phase, suggesting a vascular malformation such as varicosis of the jejunum. Surgical exploration with intraoperative endoscopy revealed diffuse engorged veins and a 1.0-cm-diameter superficial ulcer covered with a blood clot that was 70 cm from the ligament of Treitz. A 100-cm segment of jejunum was resected. Histological examination revealed that the lesion was angiodysplasia, not varicosis. The final diagnosis was congenital angiodysplasia.
Adult ; Angiodysplasia ; Angiography ; Emergencies ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Hemoglobins ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Jejunum ; Ligaments ; Melena ; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior ; Mesentery ; Ulcer ; Vascular Malformations ; Veins