Background: The Wnt signaling pathway regulates crucial cellular processes, including stem cell development and tissue repair. Dysregulation of this pathway, particularly β-catenin stabilization, is linked to colorectal carcinoma and other tumors. Axin2, a critical component in the pathway, plays a role in β-catenin regulation. This study examines Axin2 expression in normal gastric mucosa and various gastric pathologies. Methods: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from normal stomach, gastritis, intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric carcinoma were collected. Axin2 and β-catenin expression were evaluated using RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Histo-scores (H-scores) were calculated to quantify expression levels of Axin2. Associations between Axin2 expression and clinicopathological variables were examined. Results: Axin2 expression was examined in normal stomach, gastritis, and IM tissues. Axin2 expression was mainly observed in the surface and isthmus areas in the normal stomach and gastritis, whereas Axin2 expression was markedly higher at the bases of IM. Axin2 H-scores were significantly elevated in IM (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 87.0 ± 38.9) compared to normal (mean ± SD, 18.0 ± 4.5) and gastritis tissues (mean ± SD, 33.0 ± 18.6). In total, 30% of gastric carcinomas showed higher Axin2 expression. Axin2 expression did not have significant associations with age, sex, Lauren classification, histological differentiation, invasion depth, and lymph node metastasis. However, a strong positive correlation was observed between Axin2 and nuclear β-catenin in gastric carcinomas (p < .001). Conclusions Axin2 expression was significantly increased in IM compared to normal and gastritis cases. In addition, Axin2 showed a strong positive association with nuclear β-catenin expression in gastric carcinomas, demonstrating a close relationship with abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

The long arm duplication of chromosome 3 was reported for the first time in 1966 by Falek et al., and Hirschhorn et al. came to identify the duplication of 3q21--> qter region in 1973. In most cases of duplication 3q syndrome patients, pure duplication of 3qter is believed to be rare and is often reported accompanied with deletion of another segment of the chromosome. Approximately 75 percent of parents of the patient in the meantime have been demonstrated to have unbalanced translocations or inversions of the chromosome. Partial deletion of the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 3 was first reported by Verjaal and De Nef in 1978 and terminal deletion of chromosome 3 (3p25- qter) has been observed in most cases. In karyotyping of chromosomes of immature infants showing the manifestations of flat occiputs, low set ears, hypertelorism, broad nasal roots, thin lips, web necks, hypotonia, hypertrichosis skin, cryptorchidism etc, we experienced a case diagnosed as 46, XY, rec (3) dup (3) (q21) del (3) (p25) inv (3) (p25q21).
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

In 1974, Casson et. al. reported midfacial degloving approach to repair the midfacial bone fracture. After then, this approach has been used frequently to treat the lesions on nasal cavity, nasopharynx, facial plastic surgery and midfacial trauma. Midfacial degloving approach consists of 1) bilateral sublabial incision 2) complete transfixion incision/ septocolumellar incision 3) bilateral intercartilaginous incision 4) bilateral pyriform aperature incision. This approach provides proper access for midfacial bone structure without facial scar but has post-operative complications such as transient epistaxis, infraorbital nerve paresthesia and nasal crust. We treated three patients using midfacial degloving approach to correct traumatic deformity in midface area. In two patients, rhinoplasty with autogenous rib graft was done simultaneously. So we report these cases with review of literatures.
Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epistaxis ; Fractures, Bone* ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasopharynx ; Paresthesia ; Rhinoplasty ; Ribs ; Surgery, Plastic ; Transplants

Medial femoral cutaneous nerve(MFCN), a sensory branch of the femoral nerve, supplies the skin over the anteromedial aspect of the thigh and knee. Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve(PFCN), comprised of fibers originating from the anterior and posterior divisions of the first three sacral segments, supplies the skin over the posterior aspect of the thigh. Forty nerves of twenty healthy adults, ages from 20 to 58, were tested. The onset and peak latencies of MFCN were 2.3+/-0.2 ms and 2.9+/-0.2 ms respectively. The baseline to peak amplitude was 6.5+/-2.3 V. The onset and peak latencies of PFCN were 2.4+/-0.2 ms and 2.9+/-0.2 ms respectively. The baseline to peak amplitude was 7.1+/-1.7 V.
Adult ; Equipment and Supplies ; Femoral Nerve ; Humans ; Knee ; Skin ; Thigh

A 27-year-old pregnant woman, para 1, was transferred to our hospital at 29+3 weeks of gestation complaining of abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with hemoperitoneum based on ultrasonography. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and the bleeding was confirmed to be caused by ruptured surface blood vessels on the uterine fundus. Hemostasis with compression was successfully performed to sustain the pregnancy, and the patient delivered a full-term baby. Spontaneous hemoperitoneum during pregnancy caused by rupture of uterine blood vessels is very rare. It requires rapid diagnosis and surgical treatment because it increases the morbidity of the fetus and mother. In most incidences of spontaneous hemoperitoneum during pregnancy, a cesarean delivery is performed along with a simultaneous emergency laparotomy. However, in this case, the pregnancy was maintained to full term after surgical hemostasis, which prevented neonatal complications due to premature birth.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Blood Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fetus ; Hemoperitoneum* ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Hemostasis, Surgical ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparotomy ; Mothers ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Premature Birth ; Rupture* ; Ultrasonography

Monochorionic twins with discordant karyotypes are rare and mostly caused by post-zygotic mitotic nondisjunction. A 32 year old nulliparous woman at 11 weeks of gestation with spontaneous twin pregnancy was referred to our hospital. An amniocentesis was performed in both amniotic sacs at 15 weeks of pregnancy. One fetus in monochorionic twin pregnancy was diagnosed with Turner syndrome with cystic hygroma, and the other fetus was normal. Because of high mortality rate in abnormal fetuses, the umbilical cord coagulation was performed using radiofrequency ablation to prevent the damage of co-twin that may be caused by the demise of one fetus. After delivery, chorionicity of placenta was ascertained by pathologic exam. Postnatal findings of physical exam, abdominal and brain sonography were normal in the surviving neonate.
Amniocentesis ; Brain ; Catheter Ablation ; Chorion ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotype ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Mortality ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Turner Syndrome* ; Umbilical Cord

BACKGROUND: A diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the early phase of acute chest pain is often difficult in an emergency department (ED) due to the lower sensitive ECG and delayed expression of the cardiac necrosis markers. Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) has recently been reported to be an early sensitive biochemical marker of ischemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of IMA in patients with suspected CAD and less sensitive ECG/delayed cardiac necrosis markers. METHODS: 100 consecutive patients (mean age: 5413 years, male: 66%) presenting to the ED with suspected CAD and chest pain within 6 hours of chest pain were enrolled in this study. An ECG check and blood sampling for IMA and CK-MB, cardiac troponin-T (TnT) were done within 1 hour at the ED. The diagnosis of CAD was based upon the clinical findings, results of serial ECG/TnT and coronary angiography. The ideal cutoff value of IMA for CAD was calculated by the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: CAD including acute coronary syndrome was diagnosed in 69/100 (69%). The optimum diagnostic cutoff point for the IMA levels in these study populations was found by ROC analysis to be 99.5 U/mL. The ROC curve area for the IMA test was 0.901 (95% confidential interval, 0.840-0.961, p=0.001). The IMA levels >99.5 U/mL demonstrated a sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 81%, positive predictive value of 90% and negative predictive value of 74% for the diagnosis of CAD. The combination of IMA-ECG-CKMB/TnT increased the sensitivity for detecting ischemia to 94%, with a negative predictive value of 85%. IMA is a highly sensitive with a high negative predictive value, and might improve the utility of standard biomarkers for CAD. CONCLUSIONS: IMA might be a useful ischemic marker of coronary artery disease in patients presenting within 6 hours after the onset of chest pain.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Biomarkers ; Chest Pain* ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Ischemia* ; Male ; Necrosis ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thorax* ; Troponin T

No abstract available.

The Korean Dementia Association (KDA) has been organizing biennial international academic conferences since 2019, with the International Conference of the KDA (IC-KDA) 2023 held in Busan under the theme ‘Beyond Boundaries: Advancing Global Dementia Solutions.’ The conference comprised 6 scientific sessions, 3 plenary lectures, and 4luncheon symposiums, drawing 804 participants from 35 countries. Notably, a Korea– Taiwan Joint Symposium addressed insights into Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Plenary lectures by renowned scholars explored topics such as microbiome-related AD pathogenesis, social cognition in neurodegenerative diseases, and genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). On the first day, specific presentations covered subjects like the gut–brain axis and neuroinflammation in dementia, blood-based biomarkers in AD, and updates in AD therapeutics. The second day’s presentations addressed recent issues in clinical neuropsychology, FTD cohort studies, and the pathogenesis of non-AD dementia. The Academic Committee of the KDA compiles lecture summaries to provide comprehensive understanding of the advanced dementia knowledge presented at IC-KDA 2023.

Alagille syndrome is a complex autosomal dominant disorder secondary to defects in the Notch signaling pathway, primarily caused by mutations in the Jagged1 (JAG1) gene. The liver, heart, skeleton, face and eyes are the body parts most commonly involved. Alagille syndrome may mimic other causes of high gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)-linked cholestasis, most notably biliary atresia in the neonatal period. Infants with Alagille syndrome are occasionally misdiagnosed as cases with biliary atresia due to variations in clinical features that might be expressed in early infancy. We describe a case of Alagille syndrome mimicking biliary atresia, identified by sequencing analysis of the JAG1 gene in a newborn. During counseling, family members of the patient have also been found to demonstrate various phenotypes and levels of disease severity of Alagille syndrome.
Alagille Syndrome* ; Biliary Atresia* ; Cholestasis ; Counseling ; Heart ; Human Body ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Liver ; Phenotype ; Skeleton ; Transferases