PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers, to determine factors influencing their burnout, and to provide basic data for development of intervention programs to prevent the burnout. METHODS: Subjects of this study were all 119 rescuers working at fire stations located in Busan and Gyeongnam. The data were collected from May 1, 2010 to June 30, 2010. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 17.0. RESULTS: When the difference in the degree of burnout by general characteristics was investigated, the means of burnout were significantly different depending on age, period of service, position, license, annual salary, desire to work continuously and types of working hours. Job stress, job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem showed a statistically significant correlation with burnout. The degree of burnout became higher with more job stress and lower job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem. As a significant factor affecting the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers, job stress showed 47.3% of explanatory power. The explanatory power of all of job stress, job satisfaction, self efficacy, types of working hours, annual salary and license was 62% and the power of job stress was the highest. CONCLUSION: From these results, job stress, job satisfaction and self-efficacy were found to be factors affecting the burnout of 119 rescuers. Therefore, intervention programs to reduce job stress and to improve job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem should be developed to lower the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers. In addition, further researches to analyze works of 119 rescuers and legal and institutional strategies to improve their treatment are necessary and supplementary training in various practices by different circumstances based on standardized protocols should be conducted.
Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Fires ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Licensure ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Self Concept ; Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers, to determine factors influencing their burnout, and to provide basic data for development of intervention programs to prevent the burnout. METHODS: Subjects of this study were all 119 rescuers working at fire stations located in Busan and Gyeongnam. The data were collected from May 1, 2010 to June 30, 2010. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 17.0. RESULTS: When the difference in the degree of burnout by general characteristics was investigated, the means of burnout were significantly different depending on age, period of service, position, license, annual salary, desire to work continuously and types of working hours. Job stress, job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem showed a statistically significant correlation with burnout. The degree of burnout became higher with more job stress and lower job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem. As a significant factor affecting the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers, job stress showed 47.3% of explanatory power. The explanatory power of all of job stress, job satisfaction, self efficacy, types of working hours, annual salary and license was 62% and the power of job stress was the highest. CONCLUSION: From these results, job stress, job satisfaction and self-efficacy were found to be factors affecting the burnout of 119 rescuers. Therefore, intervention programs to reduce job stress and to improve job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem should be developed to lower the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers. In addition, further researches to analyze works of 119 rescuers and legal and institutional strategies to improve their treatment are necessary and supplementary training in various practices by different circumstances based on standardized protocols should be conducted.
Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Fires ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Licensure ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Self Concept ; Self Efficacy

As chorion and amnion fusion usually occurs between 14 and 16 weeks of gestation, sonographic identification of chorion and amniotic membrane separation is a normal finding before 14 weeks. However, persistent separation after 16 weeks of gestation is considered rare and abnormal findings. Complete chorioamniotic membrane separation (CMS) may occur spontaneously, but has also been described as a complication of all invasive intrauterine procedures, including amniocentesis. Complete CMS have a significant morbidity and mortality due to intrauterine fetal death, cord complications, and preterm delivery. Aggressive treatment with hospitalization is necessary. We now report 2 cases of complete CMS identified by prenatal ultrasound; 1 in spontaneous complete CMS diagnosed at 24 weeks of gestation, and health premature child was born at 29+3 weeks of gestation, who was alive and well at present; 1 in complete CMS diagnosed at 21 weeks of gestation after amniocentesis, and fetal demise at 24 weeks of gestation due to cord strangulation by an amniotic band. We experienced two cases of complete CMS and report with a brief review of literatures.
Amniocentesis ; Amnion ; Amniotic Band Syndrome ; Child ; Chorion ; Fetal Death ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Membranes ; Pregnancy

Monochorionic twins with discordant karyotypes are rare and mostly caused by post-zygotic mitotic nondisjunction. A 32 year old nulliparous woman at 11 weeks of gestation with spontaneous twin pregnancy was referred to our hospital. An amniocentesis was performed in both amniotic sacs at 15 weeks of pregnancy. One fetus in monochorionic twin pregnancy was diagnosed with Turner syndrome with cystic hygroma, and the other fetus was normal. Because of high mortality rate in abnormal fetuses, the umbilical cord coagulation was performed using radiofrequency ablation to prevent the damage of co-twin that may be caused by the demise of one fetus. After delivery, chorionicity of placenta was ascertained by pathologic exam. Postnatal findings of physical exam, abdominal and brain sonography were normal in the surviving neonate.
Amniocentesis ; Brain ; Catheter Ablation ; Chorion ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotype ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Mortality ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Turner Syndrome* ; Umbilical Cord

PURPOSE: This research sought to identify the utility value of chest computed tomography (CT) when it comes to the diagnosis of lung metastasis in cases of colorectal cancer. METHODS: From September 2004 to January 2008, 266 patients who were treated for colorectal cancer at Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, were divided into two groups: one that underwent preoperative and postoperative periodical chest CT (periodical inspection group, PIG; May 2006 to January 2008, 135 patients) and one that did not undergo periodical chest CT (non-periodical inspection group, NPIG; September 2004 to April 2006, 131 patients) for comparison. RESULTS: The overall lung metastasis diagnosis rates did not manifest any significant difference. The times to diagnose lung metastasis patients were 6.3 months and 15.7 months for the PIG and the NPIG, respectively (P = 0.022). The size of the metastatic lung nodule was smaller in the PIG than in the NPIG (< 1 cm in 9/9 patients vs. < 1 cm in 6/9 patients in the PIG and the NPIG, respectively; P = 0.02). A solitary lung metastasis was more frequently found in the PIG (5/9 patients) than in the NPIG (1/11 patients) (P = 0.024). During the follow-up period, 100% (2/2 patients) and 60% (3/5 patients) of the patients in the PIG and the NPIG, respectively, with stage III cancer underwent a lung metastasectomy (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Chest CT enables early diagnosis with a smaller size and a lower number of lung metastases in patients with colorectal cancer. Moreover, pulmonary the rate of the pulmonary resection for selected patients may be improved. However, the contribution of chest CT to increasing the survival rate must be investigated in a prospective randomized study.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Early Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; Metastasectomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Thorax

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and a typical hypervascular tumor. Therefore, it is important to find factors related to angiogenesis in the process of HCC malignancy. In order to find angiogenesis-related factors in HCC, we used combined methods of in silico prediction and an experimental assay. We analyzed 1457 genes extracted from cDNA microarray of HCC patients by text-mining, sequence similarity search and domain analysis. As a result, we predicted that 16 genes were likely to be involved in angiogenesis and then the effects of these genes were confirmed by hypoxia response element(HRE)-luciferase assay. For instant,we classified osteopontin into a potent angiogenic factor and coagulation factor XII into a significant anti-angiogenic factor. Collectively, we suggest that using a combination of in silico prediction and experimental approaches, we can identify HCC-specific angiogenesis-related factors effectively and rapidly.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Anoxia ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation* ; Factor XII ; Humans* ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Osteopontin

Objective: Following the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the importance of addressing acute stress induced by psychological burdens of diseases became apparent. This study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of a new mode of psychiatric intervention designed to target similar psychological crises. Methods: Participants included 32 out of 114 COVID inpatients at a hospital in Daegu, Korea, who were assessed between March 30 and April 7, 2020. Multiple scales for screening psychological difficulties such as depressed mood, anxiety, insomnia, acute stress, and suicidality were done. Psychological problem evaluations and interventions were conducted in the form of consultations to alleviate participants’ psychological challenges via telepsychiatry. The interventions’ effects, as well as clinical improvements before and after the intervention, were analyzed. Results: As a result of screening, 21 patients were experiencing psychological difficulties beyond clinical thresholds after COVID-19 infection (screening positive group). The remaining 11 were screening negative groups. The two groups differed significantly in past psychiatric histories (p=0.034), with the former having a higher number of diagnoses. The effect of the intervention was analyzed, and clinical improvement before and after the intervention was observed. Our intervention was found to be effective in reducing the overall emotional difficulties. Conclusion This study highlighted the usefulness of new interventions required in the context of healthcare following the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the usefulness of both the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-III) and Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II) in preterm babies with neurodevelopmental impairment, considering the detection rate as regulation of criteria. METHODS: Retrospective medical chart reviews which included the Bayley-III and DDST-II, were conducted for 69 preterm babies. Detection rate of neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm babies were investigated by modulating scaled score of the Bayley-III. The detection rate of DDST-II was identified by regarding more than 1 caution as an abnormality. Then detection rates of each corrected age group were verified using conventional criteria. RESULTS: When applying conventional criteria, 22 infants and 35 infants were detected as preterm babies with neurodevelopmental impairment, as per the Bayley-III and DDST-II evaluation, respectively. Detection rates increased by applying abnormal criteria that specified as less than 11 points in the Bayley-III scaled score. In DDST-II, detection rates rose from 50% to 68.6% using modified criteria. The detection rates were highest when performed after 12 months corrected age, being 100% in DDST II. The detection rate also increased when applying the modified criteria in both the Bayley-III and DDST-II. CONCLUSION: Accurate neurologic examination is more important for detection of preterm babies with neurodevelopmental impairment. We suggest further studies for the accurate modification of the detection criteria in DDST-II and the Bayley-III for preterm babies.
Developmental Disabilities ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Mass Screening ; Neurologic Examination ; Pilot Projects* ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies ; Weights and Measures

Reversible splenial lesion may occur in encephalitis rarely. A 21-year-old man was admitted with viral encephalitis. High signal on the diffusion MRI and low signal on the ADC map image was showed in the splenium. As the patient improved, the lesion suggestive of cytotoxic edema was completely resolved one month later. Although the concrete pathophysiology of focal cytotoxic edema in encephalitis is unclear yet, MRI is valuable diagnostic tool to manage encephalitis in the view of prognosis.
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Diffusion* ; Edema ; Encephalitis* ; Encephalitis, Viral ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Young Adult