Epidemiological studies reveal that prenatal adverse environment could cause lower birthweight in offspring and increase the susceptibility to multiple chronic diseases (e.g. metabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases etc.) after maturity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclarified. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a key neuroendocrine axis playing pivotal roles in systemic stress responses before and after birth. It is also an important but vulnerable fetal targeting organ. Previous studies showed that many environmental insults during pregnancy, including external environment and maternal health condition, could affect fetal development in multi-ways via maternal-placental-fetal unit, which leads to the intrauterine programming alteration of HPA axis and the in?creased susceptibility to chronic diseases in adulthood. This article reviews the latest global advances in the etiology of increased susceptibility to adult diseases induced by compromised prenatal environ?ment and the associated intrauterine programming mechanisms by incorporating our recent research findings, and proposes that the fetal over-exposure to maternal glucocorticoids (GC) could bring about the intrauterine neuroendocrine metabolic programming alteration in offspring:the core is the program?ming of GC-insulin-like growth factor 1 axis in multiple organs, and the abnormal epigenetic modification is involved in this programming.

China ; Foundations ; Integrative Medicine ; Natural Science Disciplines

Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of different acupoint combination on prevention and treatment of stress gastric ulcer and to search for a better acupoint combination.

METHODSThe theoretical basis and experimental research on treatment of stomach diseases with the combination of he-(sea) points and front-mu points as well as back-shu points and front-mu points are analyzed in this article.

RESULTSThe combination of he-sea points and front-mu points is suitable to be applied on acute diseases, febrile diseases and diseases of fu organs. While the combination of back-shu points and front-mu points is more applicable on chronic gastric diseases.

CONCLUSIONIt is proved that the combination of he-sea point (Zusanli ST 36) and front-mu point (Zhongwan CV 12) has reliable effect on prevention and treatment of stress gastric ulcer.

Objective To explore the feasibility of dual-source CT virtual scan replace conventional scan in the CT peritoneography. Methods Prospective enrolled 29 cases who accepted peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment and were highly suspected with PD-related complications. The patients were firstly underwent CT conventional in the fasting state by applied the dual-source CT (single energy pattern), and then 2 L dialysate which mixed with contrast medium was infused into peritoneal cavity, and the CT scan was performed again after 30 min (dual-energy pattern). Scaning data were processed by virtual post-processing software to obtain virtual CT scan imaging. Subjective evaluation (including lesions and image quality score) and objective evaluation (including the CT value, noise and signal to noise ratio) were performed on the conventional scan and virtual scan, and recorded the radiation dose. Wilcoxon test was used to analyse the differences of lesions revealing and image quality score of conventional scan imaging and virtual scan imaging, and paired t test was applied to compare the differences of radiation dose and the other quality objective evaluation index. Results There was no significant difference between conventional CT scan and virtual CT scan in the cyst, calcification, calculus, hematoma and catheterization (P>0.05). The image quality score of conventional CT scan and virtual CT scan was 5.0±0.0 and 4.9±0.4, and there was no significant difference (Z=-1.6,P=0.10). There was no statistically significant difference in CT value of muscle, kidney, subcutaneous fat, urine in bladder and intraperitoneal fluid between the two groups (P>0.05), and the CT value of liver in the virtual CT scan was higher than that in the conventional CT scan (P<0.05), but the value of bone in the virtual CT scan was lower than that in the conventional CT (P<0.05). The noise of conventional CT was significant higher than that of invirtual CT, but the SNR was significant lower than virtual CT scan (P<0.05). The effective radiation dose in the conventional CT scan and virtual CT scan were(9.6±1.4)and(15.9±4.9)mSv, and showed significant difference. Furthermore, the effective radiation dose decreased by 39.6%(6.3/15.9). Conclusion Dual-energy CT scan can replace conventional CT scan in the CT peritoneography, which can guarantee the accuracy of diagnosis and reduce radiation dose.

Objective To select and analyze the drug types for treatment of patients with diabetes in the older adults.Methods The clinical data including age,gender,disease duration,drugs (types and frequency) for 320 elderly cases with diabetes were retrospectivly analyzed Results With aging,duration of diabetes had been extended(P＜0.05),but no difference between the sex ratio.The frequency of insulin (32.2％) and metformin (29.7％)were the highest in the selective therapy for senile diabetes patients.But other types of drugs such as alpha glycosidase inhibitor (19.4 ％),sulfonylureas for promoting secrete (10.9 ％) and thiazolidinedione (7.8 ％) also occupied certain proportion.Conclusions The metformin has been widely applied for senile diabetes patients,and it is usually need to be in combination with other drugs and be paied more attention to monitoring in the whole process.

Objective To study the proctective effect of heme oxygeanse-1(HO-1) on cirrhotic rats after hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods All the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows: normal group(N),liver cirrhosis group(LC),sham operation group(S), ischemia reperfusion group(I/R),and I/R+hemin group.Except for N group,the other groups were injected with 40% CCl4 twice a week.After 11 weeks,the model of liver cirrhosis was formed.The segmental(70%) hepatic ischemia reperfusion operation was carried out one week later.The animals were sacrificed 6h after reperfusion.Blood was collected to measure the liver function,antioxidative ability,NF-?B and caspase-3,and HO-1 expressions were studied by immunohistochemistry method. Results Administration of hemin to induce high HO-1 expression could lessen hepatic injury,increase MnSOD enzyme level,and decrease caspase-3 and NF-?B expresssion.Conclusion HO-1 plays an important role in protecting liver cirrhosis against ischemia reperfusion injury by increasing MnSOD enzyme level and decreasing expression of caspase-3 and NF-?B.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of highfrequency ultrasonography in diagnosis of the complications in mammoplasty.Methods One hundred and one cases of mammoplasty with complications were examined.They were divided into implanted group and injected group,and the prosthetic position,shape,internal echo and capsula were observed.Results Among the cases,91 breasts were capsular contraction and hardening,24 were asymmetry,38 were rupture,4 were infection and 1 was bleed.All cases were proved by operation.Conclusion High-frequency ultrasonography was easy and effective to diagnose the complications of mammoplasty.

Objective To study the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on human ovarian carcinoma 3AO cells in vitro. Methods Morphological changes were examined by microscopy; the inhibitory effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic(5-ALA-PDT) on 3AO cells were examined by MTT assay; cell cycle of 3AO cells was observed by flow cytometry with PI staining; the modality of 3AO cell death induced by 5-ALA-PDT was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V-PI staining. Results Typical morphological changes of apoptosis occurred after 5-ALA-PDT. The inhibition rate of cells increased gradually with the increase of 5-ALA concentration and laser irradiation dose (P

Objective:The infusion pumps are high risk equipment in clinic, the clinical risk of it is much higher the general medical equipment and diagnostic. Methods:FLUKE lagu1 was used to calibrate the Smiths infusion pumps in different conditions. Results: As a result, the quality control of it is particularly important. We introduce a method to calibrate model 1200 infusion pump from the angle of quality control. Conclusion: Infusion pump quality control testing should accord with clinical practice. Infusion pumps calibrated to provide security for the clinical infusion therapy and reduce the medical risk.