Penis is one of the most important components of male external genitalia.Congenital abnormalities and trauma may lead to genitourinary organ damage or default,which require reconstruction.With the development of tissue engineering(TE),penile corpora cavernosa tissue engineening has becoming the core of the penis reconstruction.Recent researches mainly focus on forming scaffolds and transplanting cells(including of endothelial cells and caveruosal smooth muscle cells). Recently, stem cell technology, gene therapy and nervous reconstructive techniques have been combined to promote the development of tissue engineering.Tissue engineering has been thought to be able to make possible the restoring and constructing of the structure and normal funetion of penile corpora cavernosa.This paper gives a review of the recent progress in associated researches on tissue engineering of the penile corpora cavernosa.

The health hazards of arsenic are various. Since children are in the period of rapid growth and development, nervous system is more vulnerable to the arsenic exposure in the environment.Not only does it increase the incidence of the corresponding disease in each system, but also results in neurotoxicological impairments including poor cognitive performance and disturbances in visual perception, psychomotor speed, attention, speech and memory. The progress in the field of effects of arsenic on children's health were reviewed in this article, it introduced the background of arsenic, human exposure pathways, metabolism of the human body,health hazards to children and biological monitoring.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of comfort nursing on the parents of children with laryngopharyngeal surgery.Methods Forty-seven parents were admitted for the study,they were divided into the control group(23 cases) and the experimental group(24 cases).The control group accepted routine nursing,while the experimental group accepted comfort nursing based upon routine nursing.The SAS,SDS scores and satisfaction degree were compared between the two groups.Results After the treatment,the SAS and SDS scores of all the parents got better compared with those before treatment.The differences were obvious.While the experimental group had a better improvement than the control group.Also the satisfaction degree of the experimental group was better than that of the control group.Conclusions Comfort nursing can relieve the discomfort and anxiety of the children patients and their parents,improve the adverse emotional state of them,promote recovery of children and improve the nursing quality.

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of gastric cancer under gastroscopy.Methods From Jan.2005 to Dec.2010,160 patients were diagnosed of gastric cancer by endoscopic biopsy.Clinical data of these patients were retrospectively summarized and analyzed.ResultsThere is a high rate of HP infection [71.25％ (114/160)]in the 160 cases with gastric cancer,especially in males,and the infection rate increased with age( Z =2.303,P =0.021 ).For the general morphology of gastric cancer,it was mainly Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ-types for those below or equals to 35 years old(9 cases).The rate of Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ types reduced and that of BorrmannⅠ& Ⅱ types increased with age.The ratio of male to female with gastric cancer was 2.26:1.However,the incidence of gastric cancer was higher in young female compared with young males.With the increase of age,the rate of prevalence of gastric cancer grew higher in males than in females ( Z =3.599,P ＜0.001 ).Incidence of gastric fundus-cardia and corpus cancer increased with age.Most patients had low-differentiation adenocarcinoma despite the specific sites of gastric cancer.However,the incidence of low-differentiation adenocarcinoma decreased with age(x2 =9.831,P=0.042).ConclusionThe development of gastric cancer is closely associated with HP infection.For the general morphology of gastric cancer,Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ types decrease and Borrmann Ⅰ & Ⅱ types increase with age.The incidence of gastric cancer in male and that located at proximal stomach are increased with age.Moreover,the incidence of high-grade malignant gastric cancer is increased with age.

You ought to differentiate the cause, location, nature and trend of disease, for chronic nephritis. The causes inducing or worsening the disease can be exopathy, as well as internal injury, pathological substance and drug pathogenic factors; while the deficiency of Qi blood Yin Yang of organs is often the internal basis of the disease. The location mainly concerns lung, spleen, liver and kidney, esp. kidney. The nature is deficient root and excessive superficiality; its general trend mostly appears Qi deficiency-both deficiency of Qi and Yin(blood)- both deficiency of Yin and Yang, a discipline of gradual development, and wind, wetness, heat, stasis, sputum and toxin worsen the development of the disease.

Chronic nephritis is a common clinical refractory disease,with complex mechanism,hard and long to cure.The TCM treatment in Internal Classic has key guideline meaning and is proved in modern TCD pharmacology,such as "kidney governs spleen,spleen holds nutrition,dislikes dampness and governs outer guard" of spleen picture,etc.

There is a higher incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in China.During the past decades,esophageal surgery in China has achieved great development through the efforts of several generations of thoracic surgeons.At present there are still many difficulties and challenges for thoracic surgeons.This review will summarize current major difficulties in esophageal surgery and propose some possible solutions.

This article describes the introduction of concept of evidence-based medicine for postgraduate students in surgical oncology training program.Evidence-based medicine can cultivate students'ability to find out more clinical problems and solve these problems through their active and independent study to renew their medical knowledge and promote their innovative consciousness and clinical practice skill.

Objective] To explore the effect of the teaching method“3-round 4-step”on course“Selected Readings of Neijing(the Internal Cannon of Medicine)”. [Method] The teaching method“3-round 4-step”is helpful to improve students’grasping TCM theories, whose exam at ordinary times and final exam were respectively 83.23 and 79.62; in the other group of“paraphrase following text”teaching method, the results were 78.27 and 75.91 respectively; the comparison of both had statistical meaning. “3-round 4-step”teaching method contributes to promote students’ability of using TCM theories analysis and problem-settlement, widen their getting TCM relative theory and knowledge; their case analysis and thesis writing results were respectively 77.92 and 74.31; the results of the other group of teaching method “paraphrase following text”were respectively 73.27 and 69.45; the comparison of both groups had statistical significance. [Conclusion] Applying the teaching method of“3-round 4-step”can better finish the teaching task of“Selected Readings of Internal Classics”as improvement subject in later period.

[Objective] To explore the effect of the multiple teaching methods on the teaching of the doctrine of viscera state in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.[Methods]Research subjects were divided into study group(the multiple teaching group) and control group(the systematic instruction group),comprehensively evaluate the effect of the multiple teaching methods on the teaching of the doctrine of viscera state in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine,through the evaluation of teaching quality,students' questionnaire and the test of learning achievement.[Results] The multiple teaching method can improve students' interest in learning,activate the atmosphere of classroom,enhance communication between teachers and students,students generally think the multiple teaching method is helpful to correctly understanding and grasping the knowledge of the doctrine of viscera state,and is reflected in the homeworks and the test of learning achievement,the homeworks and the test of learning achievement of the multiple teaching method group were better than that of the systematic instruction group,there were significant differences between two groups(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]The multiple teaching method is helpful to improve the teaching mode on the doctrine of viscera state in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine,to enhance the students' learning motivation and ability of cognition,so that students can fully and deeply understand and grasp the doctrine of viscera state.