Objective To study the relationship between the intervals of Mitomycin C treatment and cytotoxicity, apoptosis and drug resistance for bladder cancer cells.Methods The bladder transitional cell cancer line BIU-87 was treated for two hours every time for five times with intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively.Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT.p53,bcl-2,Bax and p170 expression were analyzed by Western blot.Results The IC_(50)(?g/ml)were 4.41,0.71,2.83,4.51and 6.16 with treatment intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively, p53 and bcl-2 were significantly down-regulated and bcl-2/Bax was re- duced at 24 hour treatment interval but not changed at 48,72 and 96 hour intervals,p170 was not detected at 24 hour treatment interval but increasingly expressed at 48,72 and 96 hours intervals.Conclusion The in- terval of Mitomycin C treatment is closely related with cytotoxieity and apoptosis and drug resistance of blad- der cancer cells.The intervals of intravesical instillations may play an important role in the effect of chemotherapy.

A LC-MS method was established for the determination of the protein binding rates of oleanolic acid in human plasma and serum albumin. The equilibrium dialysis combined with LC-MS to determine the total concentration in plasma and free drug concentration of oleanolic acid was carried out. The human plasma protein binding rates of oleanolic acid at three concentrations were 79.6%, 81.9% and 63.3%, respectively. The human serum albumin protein binding rates of oleanolic acid at three concentrations were 53.5%, 56.6% and 47.7%, respectively. The method is shown to be simple, accurate, sensitive and specific for the determination of biological samples. The protein binding rates in human plasma and serum albumin were of high strength.
Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Dialysis ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Oleanolic Acid ; blood ; Protein Binding ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serum Albumin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the significance of BCL-10 protein expression in the gastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry studies were performed using CD20, CD79a, CD3, CD45RO, CD23, CD5, CD10 monoclonal antibodies in 43 cases of gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas, including 25 indolent classical MALT lymphomas and 18 MALT lymphomas with large cell transformation. BCL-10 protein expression was assayed in the tumor cells.

RESULTSIn 25 low-grade MALT lymphomas, expression of BCL-10 was found in the nuclei in 10 cases, in both nuclei and cytoplasm 1 case, in cytoplasm 3 cases and no expression 11 cases. In 18 transformed MALT lymphomas, BCL-10 was expressed in the nuclei in 7 cases, in both nuclei and cytoplasm 1 case, in cytoplasm 2 cases, no expression 8 cases. The frequency of BCL-10 expression in nuclei was the highest (44.2%).

CONCLUSIONThe frequency of BCL-10 expression in nuclei in the gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma is high, indicating that it may associate with the pathogenesis of this entity, and may be helpful to its diagnosis.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; biosynthesis ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; biosynthesis ; B-Cell CLL-Lymphoma 10 Protein ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of ghrelin on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte, and study the possible mechanisms.

METHODS3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in vitro. The proliferation potentials of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes that were treated with different concentrations of ghrelin were evaluated by MTT methods. The levels of c-myc and thymidine kinase mRNA were detected using RT-PCR. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into the matured adipocytes with insulin (INS) or ghrelin. The morphological changes of 3T3-L1 adipocytes were observed and the differentiation rate was assayed by oil-red O staining. Total RNA was extracted from adipocytes at various times, and the levels of peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and CAAT/enhancer binding protein(C/EBPalpha) mRNA expressions were detected using RT-PCR.

RESULTSGhrelin at concentrations of 10(-7) to 10(-15) mol/L significantly stimulated preadipocyte proliferation (p<0.05). The levels of c-myc and thymidine kinase mRNA significantly increased in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with 10(-9) mol/L and 10(-11) mol/L ghrelin treatment (p<0.01). The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with 10(-11) mol/L ghrelin had lots of lipid droplets in the cytoplasma, but the differentiation rate was lower than those treated with INS. Ghrelin of 10(-11) mol/L significantly increased the mRNA expression of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha in the course of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation, compared with the normal control group (p<0.05). The PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha mRNA expression increased with the prolonged differentiation of preadipocytes induced by ghrelin or INS. There were significant differences in the levels of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha mRNA expression between the 2nd and 8th days of differentiation(p<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSGhrelin promotes the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes induced by ghrelin may be associated with increased c-myc levels. Ghrelin may promote differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by increasing mRNA expression of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha, thus enhances the sensitivity of adipocytes to INS.

3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; Animals ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha ; genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Genes, myc ; Ghrelin ; pharmacology ; Mice ; PPAR gamma ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors of female breast cancer and its potential alteration in Wuhan area.

METHODSA case-control study was conducted on 213 cases with histopathological diagnosis and 430 matched controls, using conditional logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS28 factors such as educational level, history of benign breast disease, age at menarche, age at menopausal, meat and well-done meat intake, soy bean food, fruit, lactation time, body mass index (BMI), juvenile chest X-ray, psychological factor, were associated with breast cancer risk in one-way variance model. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis in total significant factors and subgroups showed that the risk factors of breast cancer would include high level education, psychological trauma, history of benign breast disease later age at menopause, more years of menstrual and more years of menstrual before giving first birth, high BMI, well-done meat intake and smoked food. Factors as later menarche, lactate longer, soybean food, fruit, drink tea habit were protective factors for breast cancer. Further breakdown of data showed some difference between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Risks in premenopausal women were associated with history of benign breast disease, age of menarche, soybean food intake, whereas risks in postmenopausal women were related to age of menopausal, BMI, waist-hip ratio and fruit intake. Both psychological traumatic and duration of lactation were common pre-and postmenopausal risk and protective factors.

CONCLUSIONSDietary habit and endogenous estrogen exposure related factors played important roles on women breast cancer in Wuhan area.

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; etiology ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Estradiol Congeners ; metabolism ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of genes (CYP17, CYP19 and SULT1A1) involved in estrogen metabolism and susceptibility to breast cancer in Chinese women.

METHODSA case-control study was performed. PCR-base restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and short tandem repeat polymorphism (STRP) assays were used to detect the polymorphism distribution of CYP17, CYP19 and SULT1A1 in 213 breast cancer cases and 430 matched controls. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the OR, multivariate adjusted OR and 95% CI of each and all three genes and estrogen exposure factors on the risk of breast cancer. Relationship between polymorphisms and clinic-pathological features was also assessed.

RESULTSThe frequency of A2 allele of CYP17 was 49.8% in cases and 49.1% in controls (P > 0.05). The frequency His allele of SULT1A1 in cases (13.6%) was significant higher than that of controls (9.5%) (P = 0.03). There was also significant difference in the frequencies of (TTTA)10 allele CYP19 which was 12.4% in cases and 8.2% in controls (P = 0.02). Multigenic model indicated that there was an increased risk of breast cancer with more numbers of high-risk genotypes in a dose-response effect (trend P = 0.05). Data from multivariate analysis showed that the allele of SULT1A1 His and CYP19 (TTTA)10 was positively associated with the risk of breast cancer. Other well-established risk factors as higher estrogen exposure including total years of menstrual, early menarche etc, and women with a higher BMI and WHR were all served as independent risks.

CONCLUSIONThis study indicated that the polymorphisms of estrogen-metabolizing genes were related to breast cancer.

Aromatase ; genetics ; Arylsulfotransferase ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of lemon peel essential oil (LPE) on the cariogenicity of Streptococcus sobrinus (Ss).

METHODSLPE was extracted by the authors, and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was measured by disc diffusion method. The LPE was used as the experimental group with concentrations ranging from 2.250 g/L to 0.281 g/L prepared with trypticase peptone yeast (TPY) culture medium, and TPY culture medium was used as the control group. Ss at the concentration of 10(8) CFU/ml was added to each group, and cultured for 6, 18, 24, 48 hours. Neson-Somogyi method was used to measure the content of reducing sugar, and glucosyltransferase (GTF) activity. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured by lactic acid and pyruvic acid continuous monitoring method. The content of water insoluble glucan (WIG) was measured by anthrone method, and the pH value of the culture solution was detected. The value of pH before the experiment and the time difference was alculated as ΔpH.

RESULTSAt the same time point, the activity of GTF and LDH and the concentration of WIG and the value ΔpH decreased gradually with the increase of concentration of LPE. There were significant differences between each experimental group and control group (P < 0.01). The control group had the maximum value, GTF: (6.71 ± 0.61) mIU, LDH: (135.8 ± 1.7) U/L, WIG: (47.15 ± 5.12) mg/L, ΔpH: (2.67 ± 0.01). The highest drug concentration group had the minimum value: GTF: (0.39 ± 0.07) mIU, LDH: (95.0 ± 5.4) U/L, WIG: (2.44 ± 0.38) mg/L, ΔpH: (0.61 ± 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe LPE below the MIC could still inhibit the GTF, LDH activity and lead to the decrease of WIG and the acid production.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glucans ; biosynthesis ; Glucosyltransferases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Lactate Dehydrogenases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Oils, Volatile ; pharmacology ; Plant Oils ; pharmacology ; Streptococcus sobrinus ; drug effects ; metabolism

Adult ; Amphotericin B ; therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Aspergillosis ; drug therapy ; virology ; Aspergillus ; pathogenicity ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Pleurisy ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; virology ; Superinfection ; drug therapy

BACKGROUNDTo observe the effects of short-term antibiotic treatment in patients with hepatic failure and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).

METHODSIn this prospective study short-term antibiotic treatment was given to 67 cases diagnosed as hepatic failure with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Ceftriaxone 2 g, iv drip, q12h for 10 d or ofloxacin 0.2 g, iv drip, q12h for 10 d was given to the patients at random and the efficacy was evaluated on the basis of clinical symptoms, medical examination and ascites after 3, 7, 10 days of therapy.

RESULTSSeven cases (10.44%) were cured and 57 cases (85%) were improved after 3 days therapy, the total effective rate was 95.52%, but in 3 cases the therapy had no effect. The results of ascites bacterial culture and drug susceptibility test showed that one case had drug resistance to ceftriaxone and two cases had drug resistance to ofloxacin, so antibiotics were changed in time. After 7 days therapy, the results showed that 65 cases (97.01%) cured and 2 cases (2.99%) were improved, the total effective rate was 100%. When the therapy lasted for 10 days, all patients were cured. One patient had oral mucous membrane. Candida albicans infection after 3 days therapy; two cases got thrush and one patient got fungal intestinal infection after 7 days therapy; when the therapy lasted for 10 days, 4 cases had thrush and 2 cases had fungal infection of intestines and one patient had pulmonary fungal infection.

CONCLUSIONThe optimal period of antibiotic treatment of hepatic failure with SBP should be from 7 days to 10 days.

Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Bacterial Infections ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Ceftriaxone ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ofloxacin ; administration & dosage ; Peritonitis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo optimize the therapeutic programs for periarthritis of shoulder treated with acupuncture, moxibustion and kinetohterapy with orthogonal design method adopted.

METHODSThe orthogonal design table of L8 (2(7)) hierarchical principle was used to randomly divide 192 patients of periarthritis of shoulder into 8 groups, 24 cases in each one. Separately, 4 factors and each different 2 levels were adopted in treatment, named acupuncture timing (factor A: A, acute stage, A2 adhesion stage), acupoint combination (factor B: B, local acupoints, B2 local acupoints and distal acupoints along meridians), filiform needling and warm needling therapy (factor C: C1 acupuncture with filiform needle, CZ acupuncture with filiform needle and warm needling therapy) and positive functional exercise (factor D: D1 without positive functional exercise, D2 with positive functional exercise). The treatment was given once a day, 10 treatments made one session and 2 sessions were required totally. The time points of observation were the point after 1 session of treatment and after 2 sessions of treatment. The short-form McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) and shoulder joint motor disturbance score were adopted for evaluation.

RESULTSIn the orthogonal design analysis, taking the hierarchical factors into consideration, the age was considered as the main factor in the evaluation of shoulder pain and shoulder motor disturbance (P<0.01), and the shoulder function grade apparently impacted pain evaluation and the efficacy on shoulder motor disturbance (P<0.01). The best combination of 4 factors and 2 levels were A1B1CzD2 and A2BC2D2. SAS statistical analysis showed that at acute stage and adhesion stage, CZ Dz , meaning acupuncture with fifiform needling and warm needling therapy combined with positive functional exercise, is the main factor of the improvements of shoulder motor function (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFor periarthritis of shoulder at acute stage, the combined therapy of acupuncture at local acupoints, warm needling and positive functional exercise is adopted. At chronic stage, the combined therapy of acupuncture at local acupoints and distal acupoints, acupuncture with filiform needle and warm needling and positive functional exercise is the best program. Additionally, in clinical treatment, the patients' age, sex, shoulder joint function and duration of treatment should be considered comprehensively for the impacts on the efficacy.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Periarthritis ; therapy ; Shoulder Pain ; therapy