Due to practical and ethical concerns associated with human experiments, animal models have been essential in cancer research.Vast resources are expended during the development of new cancer therapeutics, and selection of optimal in vivo models should improve this process.Genetically engineered mouse models ( GEMM) of cancer have progressively improved in technical sophistication and, accurately recapitulating the human cognate condition, have provided opportunities to accelerate the development of cancer drugs.In this article we consider the different types of animal models used for predicting the results of clinical trials of cancer drugs, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each in this regard.In addition, the methods of predicting in vivo models and clinical translation are discussed.

Objective To investigate the causes and prevention of hemorrhage and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during the endoscopic thyroidectomy via the breast areola approach.Methods Totally 36 patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy via the breast areola approach from January 2006 to January 2008.Results All the procedures were completed under an endoscope with a mean operation time of 105 min(50 to 180 min),and mean blood loss of 30 ml(20 to 150 ml).None of the patients were converted to an open surgery.One patient developed fat liquefaction,and one showed subcutaneous emphysema,no patient had injuries to any of the nerves or the parathyroid glands.The drainage tube was removed in 24 to 72 months after the surgery.The patients were discharged from the hospital 3 to 7 days postoperation.Postoperative pathological examination showed thyroid adenoma in 7 cases and thyroid nodular goiter in 29.The 36 patients were followed up for 3 to 24 months with a mean of 12 months.During the period,3 patients complained of chest symptoms and were cured spontaneously in 3 to 7 months.All the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcomes,none of them had local recurrence of the tumor.Conclusions Endoscopic thyroidectomy via the breasts areola approach is feasible and effective with good short-term and aesthetic outcomes.

It is inevitable for colleges and universities to reform their information literacy education course with the coming of education informationization time.The construction elements of MOOC-based flipped classroom for information literacy education course in colleges and universities were studied in aspects of teaching design, classroom activities, hardware, teachers literacy based on the analysis of its necessity and feasibility, and strategies were put forward for colleges and universities to construct their multi-mainstay plus multi-element flipped classroom for information literacy education course.

Objective To study and design a new algorithm of QT interval measurement based on multi-scale morphological derivative transform(MMDT) according to the demands of mobile monitoring platform.Methods After the MMDT of ECG signals by inducing a triangle and a short line as a pair of structure elements,they were classified into four types by their morphological characteristics and the optimal strategy for each type was described to detect the onset of Q-wave.By introducing the "wing" function,two referenced points of T peak were picked out,which was helpful to locate the peak and offset of T wave,and improve the precision and recognition rate of MMDT method when detecting the bifid T wave(90.9%)and biphasic T wave(86.7%).Results Eighty data records from CSE database were used to evaluate the availability.By contrast with the wavelet transform method,the statistical results showed that the proposed algorithm had generally less error and smaller standard deviation especially for abnormal-phase T wave.Conclusion Compared with those algorithms based on wavelet transform and self-adaptive threshold techniques,our algorithm needs less empirical parameters and calculation.It is also suitable for mobile monitoring and HOLTER system,and has a wide prospect of application.

Objective:To investigate the expressions of S100A4 and MMP- 2 and their correla-tions to invasiveness and metastasis in gastric cancer. Methods:The expressions of S100A4 and MMP- 2 were detected by SP immunohistochemical method in 49 cases of gastric cancer tissue and 20 cases of normal tissue. Results:The positive rate of S100A4 and MMP- 2 (59.18% 、67.35%) was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissue than in normal gastric tissue (0.00% 、20.00% ,P

Adult ; Factor XIII ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Factor XIII Deficiency ; complications ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; complications

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Prognosis ; Treatment Outcome

Head ; pathology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Neck ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part ; diagnosis

Objective　To investigate clinical features of neonatal ventilator associated pneumonia.Methods　Retrospective analysis of clinical features was performed in twenty-two newborns with ventilator associated pneumonia.Results　Ventilator associated pneumonia were found in 22 ou t of 36 neonates with mechanical ventilation.Conclusion　The incidence of VAP is significantly increased if the time of mechanical ventilation in longer than 96 hours.

Objective To study the inhibition of anti-PDGF on proliferation of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells(hRPE) in vitro.Methods hRPE were cultivated and were exposed to different concentrations of anti-PDGF(0,1?10-6,5?10-6,1?10-5,5?10-5 and 1?10-4 mg?L-1) respectively .Growth curves were measured with cell counting and the vitalities of cells were examined by percentage of vital cells and total cells.Using MTT staining colorimetric to measure the inhibitory rate.The changes of cell cycle of hRPE were collected and their growth were detected with FCM analysis and the morphological changes of cells were observed by light microscope and electron microscope.Results Anti-PDGF of 1?10-6mg?L-1 stimulated hRPE proliferation slightly.AntiPDGF at dosages ranging from 5?10-6mg?L-1 to 1?10-4mg?L-1 inhibited cell proliferation effectively in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner(P