Soft tissue related complications are quite frequent in limb lengthening. Muscle fibers may proliferate or regenerate after stretching injury over 10-20% of their original length. However, the cells which are engaged in this phenomenon are not confirmed yet. We chased the S-phase cells (phase for DNA replication) in the posterior leg muscle during limb lengthening by immunohistochemical technique. We lengthened the tibiae of fifteen New Zealand white rabbits. We divided them into three groups and each group is consisted of five rabbits. In group 1, we lengthened the left tibiae by 10% of their original length, in Group 2, 20%, and in group, 3, 25%, respectively, At the end of lengthening posterior muscles of lengthened left side and of controlled right side were fixed and processed for Immunohistochemical staining which could detect the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine(BDU). Labelling index(LI:% of positively stained S-phase nuclei) of group 1 was zero. LI of groups for more than 20% lengthening (sum of group 2 and 3) was statistically significant. In conclusion, nuclei around or within the muscle tissue are in S-phase during limb lengthening which means proliferation of the muscle fivers or of the certain cells that abut muscle fibers.
Bromodeoxyuridine ; DNA ; Extremities ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leg ; Muscles ; Rabbits ; Tibia

Objective To investigate and analyze the preventive effect of boron on the cartilage damage in rats with intake excessive fluoride. Methods Fifty-ix Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control group (C, intake distilled water), the excessive fluoride dose group (EF, intake distilled water with 100 ppm F-) and the boron prevention group (P, intake distilled water with 100 ppm F- as well as the supplemental boron dietary). 3 to 5 months later, fluorine contents in serum, RNA contents in costal cartilage were assayed. The morphological changes in tibia growth plate cartilage (GPC) in rats were observed. Results Although exposed to the same dose of fluoride, the fluorine contents in serum in rats of P group decreased notably compared with those of EF group, the damage of tibia GPC under optical and electron microscope lessened significantly, and RNA contents in costal cartilage increased obviously in the 3rd month. Conclusion Boron added could decrease the fluorine level in the body and relieve the toxic symptom of excess fluoride, and thus boron has a preventive effect on skeletal fluorosis.

A 66-year-old woman was referred for treatment of incidental detection of two intracranial aneurysms. Time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF MRA) revealed two aneurysms at the M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery, and clinoid segment of left internal carotid artery, respectively. On digital subtraction angiography, there was a saccular aneurysm on the left internal carotid artery, but the other aneurysm was not detected on the right middle cerebral artery. Based on comprehensive review of imaging findings, organized thrombosed aneurysm was judged as the most likely diagnosis. In the presented report, magnetization transfer (MT) pulse to TOF MRA was used, to differentiate aneurysm-mimicking lesion on TOF MRA. We report that MT technique could be effective in differentiating true aneurysm, from possible T1 high signal artifact on TOF MRA.
Aged ; Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Artifacts ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Middle Cerebral Artery

Objective To explore the correlation between serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) X antigen/antibody (HBxAg-wild/HBxAb-wild,and HBxAg-mutant/HBxAb-mutant) and the disease progression in patients with chronic HBV infection.Methods A direct enzyme immunosorbent asssay (ELISA) was performed to detect HBxAb using recombinant antigen,and a double antibody sandwich ELISA assay to detect HBxAg using monoclonal antibody and specific rabbit polyclonal antibody.HBxAg-wild/HBxAb-wild and HBxAg-mutant/HBxAb-mutant were tested in sera from cases at different stages of chronic HBV infection.A chi-square test was employed to examine statistical significance.Results The positive rates of HBxAg-wild and HBxAg-mutant in the chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers,chronic hepatitis,hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and liver cancer were 6.2％ (2/32),10.7％ (3/28),28.6％ (6/21),43.6％ (17/39) and 3.1％ (1/32),10.7％ (3/28),33.3％ (7/21),48.7％ (19/39),respectively.The positive rates of HBxAb-wild and HBxAb-mutant in the above mentioned groups were 6.2％ (2/32),21.4％ (6/28),38.1％ (8/21),53.8％ (21/39)and 6.2％ (2/32),25.0％ (7/28),42.9％ (9/21),61.5％ (24/39) respectively.The positive rates of HBxAg-wild and HBxAg-mutant were not significantly different among the above groups (x2 =0.871,0.780,0.565 and 0.317,respectively; all P＞0.05) ; The positive rates of HBxAb-wild and HBxAb-mutant were also similar among all the groups (x2 =0.780,0.709,0.580 and 0.210,respectively; all P＞0.05).The positive rates of HBxAg-wild,HBxAb-wild,HBxAg-mutant,HBxAb-mutant in patients with low viral loads (HBV DNA＜1 × 104 copy/mL) were 36.5％ (23/63),44.4％ (28/63),42.9％ (27/63) and 54.0％ (34/63),respectively,those in patients with high viral loads (HBVDNA≥1×104 copy/mL) were 8.8％ (5/57),15.8％ (9/57),5.3％ (3/57) and 14.0％ (8/57),respectively.The positive rates of HBxAg and HBxAb were significantly higher in cases with low viral loads than those with high viral loads (x2 =12.869,11.522,22.556 and 20.976,respectively; all P＜0.05).The positive rates of HBxAg-wild,HBxAb-wild,HBxAg-mutant,HBxAb-mutant in the HBeAg positive group were 21.7％ (18/83),30.1％ (25/83),22.9％ (19/83) and 32.5％ (27/83),respectively,while those in the HBeAg negative group were 27.0％ (10/37),32.4％ (12/37),29.7％ (11/37) and 40.5％ (15/37),respectively.No significant difference of HBxAg/HBxAb positive rates between HBeAg positive group and HBeAg negative group was noticed (x2 =0.408,0.064,0.638 and 0.722,respectively; all P＞0.05).Conclusions The antigenicity and specificity of HBV X protein remains similar after the occurrence of A1762T/G1764A double mutant in X gene.It is also found that the positive rates of HBxAg and HBxAb increase with disease progression.HBxAg/HBxAb might be promoting factors for tumorigenesis in chronic HBV infection.HBxAg and HBxAb might have negative influence on HBV replication.

From the process of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) invading cells, the combination of gp120 and CD4 is the first step for HIV-1 to invade cells. Interfering with this process can prevent HIV from recognizing target cells and inhibit virus replication. Therefore, HIV-1 gp120 is an important part of the HIV-1 life cycle. Fostesavir, a phosphatate prodrug derived from the gp120 inhibitor BMS-626529 modified by the prodrug strategy, was approved for the treatment of adult patients with multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection by the US FDA and the European Medicines Agency in 2020 and 2021, respectively. In this review, we focus on the research progress of small molecule inhibitors targeting the interaction of gp120-CD4 from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, in order to provide reference for the subsequent research of gp120 inhibitors.

A pair of 19-year-old female identical twins was referred to our hospital with progressive visual loss. They exhibited bilateral chorioretinal atrophy involving the midperiphery on fundoscopy and fluorescein angiography. Bilateral visual field constriction was noted on dynamic Goldmann perimetry, and a markedly impaired response was observed on both photopic and scotopic electroretinograms. Cystoid macular edema was identified in both eyes on optical coherence tomography. Plasma levels of ornithine were elevated. Based on these observations, the patients were diagnosed with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by mutation analysis of the ornithine-delta-aminotransferase (OAT) gene. Patients were treated with a pyridoxine supplement (300 mg/day) and an arginine-restricted diet to lower plasma levels of ornithine, which were successfully reduced without progression of chorioretinal atrophy for 15 months. Our report describes the first case of gyrate atrophy in the Korean population diagnosed by OAT gene analysis and treated with vitamin B6 dietary supplementation.
DNA/*analysis ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electroretinography ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fundus Oculi ; Gyrate Atrophy/*diagnosis/enzymology/genetics ; Humans ; *Mutation ; Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase/*genetics/metabolism ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the image quality of different tube voltage on digital chest radiograph for contrast detail phantom (CDRAD2.0) and occupational exposed workers.

METHODSThe CDRAD2.0 phantom DR images of high KV and different tube voltages were analyzed by 3 readers, image quality figure (IQF) were calculated and compared; at the same time 136 exposed workers were examined with high-kV and DR chest radiograph of different tube voltages. Contrast to high-KV images, 10 anatomic sites were scored .The image differences were compared between DR and high-kV.

RESULTSOn CDRAD2.0 phantom, the IQF value of DR images in 3 readers were minimum in the condition of 120 kV, average value was 22.25. The analysis of variance in model with random effects, the mean IQF value of different tube voltage DR image had a significant difference (F = 13.775, P<0.01); By Dunnett t-tests analysis, the mean IQF value of DR image in 120 kV and high kilovoltage had no difference (t = -0.58, P = 0.979); On clinical cases, the DR image of 120 kV showed the closest anatomy to the high KV, the mean had no significant difference with 0 (P > 0.05) with single sample t test.

CONCLUSIONOn the CDRAD2.0 phantom or clinical exposed workers, the DR image quality of 120 kV tube voltage equals to high-KV basically.

Adult ; Aged ; Dust ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; methods ; Radiography, Thoracic ; instrumentation ; methods

PURPOSE: To manage a critically ill patient effectively, an emergency physician must make an accurate assessment of the patient's hemodynamic status. Although the hemodynamic status can be accurately measured through the use of a pulmonary artery catheter, this device has significant limitations in the emergency department. Instead, the most commonly used method of measuring cardiac output (CO) in the emergency department is transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). However, TTE has been reported to underestimate the CO. Impedance cardiography (ICG) is an established and accurate technique for noninvasive determination of hemodynamic parameters. Thus, this study aimed to assess the agreement between CO measurements made by using TTE and ICG. METHODS: In 20 healthy volunteers, the hemodynamic parameters (stroke volume and CO) obtained by TTE were compared with the parameters derived from simultaneous measurements by ICG. RESULTS: The mean stroke volumes and COs were 63.9+/-11.6 ml and 4.1+/-0.7 L/min, respectively, by TTE, and 77.2+/-10.2 ml and 5.0+/-0.6 L/min by ICG. The correlation coefficients for stroke volume and CO between TTE and ICG were 0.77 and 0.64. The mean difference in stroke volume between TTE and ICG was -13.3+/-6.4 ml (-19.5+/-10.5 %), and the mean difference in CO was -0.88+/-0.48 L/min (-20.1+/-11.6 %). CONCLUSION: In healthy volunteers, the comparison between TTE and ICG showed a good correlation for stroke volume and CO. However, the mean differences in stroke volume and CO between TTE and ICG were -19.5+/-10.5 % and -20.1+/-11.6 %, respectively.
Cardiac Output* ; Cardiography, Impedance ; Catheters ; Critical Illness ; Echocardiography* ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Healthy Volunteers ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male* ; Pulmonary Artery ; Stroke Volume ; Volunteers*

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Rural Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Sampling Studies

We presented a patient with cerebral decompression sickness, who showed predominant vasogenic edema on a 3.0 Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, including diffusion-weighted image (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping. Within minutes of surfacing, he developed paresis of the right lower limb. During transport, he began shivering, followed by severe spasm that eventually progressed to a tonic-clonic seizure. Emergent hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) was performed with U.S. Navy treatment table 6A after a treatment of seizure activity. Brain MRI was performed after hyperbaric oxygen therapy to detect any cerebral lesions, which showed subcortical hyperintensity signal changes in the left fronto-parietal region on the ADC map. Overlying cortical hyperintensity on DWI sequences and cortical hypointensity on the ADC map were simultaneously observed. Moreover, these findings disappeared in a followup MRI with complete resolution of symptoms. These findings indicate that vasogenic edema can cause cerebral decompression sickness (DCS) and that 3T MRI with DWI and ADC mapping may be useful for diagnosing cerebral DCS. In addition, these findings suggest that DW-MRI may also be useful in predicting the prognosis of cerebral DCS.
Brain ; Brain Edema ; Decompression Sickness* ; Decompression* ; Diffusion ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Paresis ; Prognosis ; Seizures ; Shivering ; Spasm