OBJECTIVETo research the mechanism of dopamine (DA) controlled memory in mice.

METHODSMice received i.p. injection of scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg, SCOP 0.3, and 3.0mg/kg, SCOP 3.0, respectively, n = 10) and saline (NS, n = 10) for 60 days in experiment 1. Memory of mice was detected by dark avoidance behavior in the 53" d and the 60"' d. Animals were sacrificed after the memory test; brain tissues were processed for Fos-ir and TH-ir by immunohistochemistry. Mice were divided into four groups according results of expri-ment 1, they received i.p. injection of apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg, APO 0.1, 0.5 mg/kg, APO 0.5, and 2.0 mg/kg, APO2.0 respectively, n = 10).

RESULTSMemory was inhibited in mice injected scopolamine 3.0 mg/kg. Latency was significantly less than in NS group, only 1/ 4 that of NS group (P > 0.05). The number of mistake of SCOP 3.0 group increased about four times than that of NS group (P > 0.05). But there was no difference of latency and number of mistake between SCOP 0.3 and NS group in expriment 1. Scopolamine-induced memory deficit was associated with decreased cellular activation, indicated by Fos immunoreactive (ir) staining, in NAcc CA1 and CA3 (P < 0.05), and also associated with decreases in the number of cells labeled for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH-ir), the rate limiting enzyme for dopamine conversion (P < 0.01) and the number of cells co-labeled for TH-ir/Fos-ir (P <0.01) in the ventral tegmental area(VTA), apomorphine lessened scopolamine-induced memory deficit in experiment 2. The number of cells co-labeled for TH-ir/Fos-ir (P <, 0.05) was increased in VTA after apomorphine treatment.

CONCLUSIONApomorphine lessened scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice by increasing DA activities in VTA.

Animals ; Apomorphine ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine Agonists ; pharmacology ; Male ; Memory Disorders ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Mice ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide ; toxicity

Bacteremia ; etiology ; Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Child ; Coagulase ; metabolism ; Cross Infection ; etiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; drug effects ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; etiology ; Humans ; Methicillin ; pharmacology ; Quinolones ; pharmacology ; Staphylococcal Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Staphylococcus ; classification ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Urinary Tract Infections ; etiology ; Vancomycin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of Chinese medical (CM) syndrome differentiation based Chinese herbs and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor II-antibody fusion protein (etanercept) for treating ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.

METHODSTotally 35 AS patients were treated with syndrome differentiation based Chinese herbs and etanercept. Reinforcing Shen and strengthening Du channel, activating meridians to stop pain was principle used in syndrome differentiation based treatment. Etanercept was subcutaneously injected, 25 mg each time; twice per week for the first three months and once a week for the latter three months. The clinical efficacy was evaluated after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Meanwhile, ASAS20 and ASAS50 standards arriving rates were also observed. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), visual analog score (VAS) for spine pain, VAS for night pain, patient global assessment (PGA), VAS for physician global assessment, CM syndrome score, finger-ground distance, thoracic activity, tragus-wall distance, lumbar scoliosis, cervical rotation, Schober improved test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were observed before treatment, 3 and 6 months after treatment.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment, BASDAI, BASFI, VAS for spine pain, night pain, physician global assessment, PGA, CM syndrome score, finger-ground distance, thoracic activity, tragus-wall distance, lumbar scoliosis, Schober improved test, ESR, and CRP all decreased after 3 and 6 months of treatment, with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Cervical rotation also decreased after 6 months of treatment, with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with 3 months of treatment, total effective rate of CM syndrome, ASAS20 and ASAS50 standards arriving rates increased after 6 months of treatment, with statistical difference (P < 0.05). There were statistical differences in all indices mentioned above between after 3 months of treatment and after 6 months of treatment (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSyndrome differentiation based Chinese herbs combined etanercept could alleviate inflammatory reaction favorably, control the progression of active AS, and improve joint functions.

Disease Progression ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Etanercept ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Pain ; prevention & control ; Pain Management ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To establish the content determination method for astragaloside in Bushen Wenfei mixtures by HPLC-ELSD. Methods:HPLCwithanAgilentZORBAXC18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)columnwasused. Methanol-water(75∶25)wasusedasthe mobile phase and the flow rate was 0. 8 ml·min-1 . The drift tube temperature was 80℃ and the gas flow rate was 2. 5 ml·min-1 . Results: The linear range of astragaloside was 0.297-4.944 μg (r =0.999 7). The average recovery was 98.13% with RSD of 1. 27%(n=9). Conclusion:The method is with sufficient accuracy, stability and repeatability, and can be used in determination of Bushen Wenfei mixtures.

OBJECTIVETo determine whether lactic acid bacteria as probiotics is efficacious in the primary prevention of infantile eczema or atopic eczema.

METHODSFor this meta analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) describing the efficacy of probiotics in infants with eczema or atopic eczema at ages of ≤2 years, a comprehensive search in the databases was performed up to January 2010. Three reviewers independently evaluated the studies for methodological qualities. RevMan 5.0.2 software was used for meta analysis.

RESULTSTwelve RCTs on the preventive effects of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics on infantile eczema were included, and 7 of the 12 RCTs reported the preventive effect of lactic acid bacteria on atopic eczema. The meta analysis showed that there was an overall significant reduction in infantile eczema and atopic eczema favoring lactic acid bacteria compared with placebo. The relative risk (RR) ratios for eczema and atopic eczema were 0.80 (95%CI: 0.70-0.90; P<0.01) and 0.78 (95%CI: 0.64-0.97; P<0.01), respectively. Lactic acid bacteria combined with other probiotics decreased significantly the incidence of eczema, with a RR ratio of 0.79 (95%CI: 0.68-0.93; P<0.01). The use of lactic acid bacteria alone did not result in a reduction in the incidence of eczema, with a RR ratio of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.69-1.05; P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe data from this meta analysis suggest that lactic acid probiotics combined with other probiotics play a role in the prevention of infantile eczema. There is insufficient evidence to recommend single use of lactic acid bacteria for prevention of eczema. Further studies are required to determine whether the findings are reproducible.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Lactobacillus ; Lactococcus ; Probiotics ; therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Streptococcus thermophilus

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second major neurodegenerative disease.The pathogenesis of PI) is still unclear.It is generally believed that neural damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy dysfunction caused by the transmission and aggregation of a- synuclein play an important role in the occurrence and development of PD.More and more research show- that metabolic disorder is one of the pathogenesis of PD.We examined whether overexpression of a- synuclein could induce metabolic disorder in mice and the possible mechanisms.Mice were divided into two groups: Thyl-aSYN transgenic mice (TG) and the control wild-type (WT) group.The rotarod test was used to analyze motor function in mice.We detected the body weight, plasma insulin content, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in the two group mice.The morphology of islets in the two groups were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining, and the islets were isolated to detect the glucose- stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).The results showed that compared with the WT group, exercise tolerance of 12-month-old TG group decreased by 23.1% (P < 0.05) , body weight increased by 7% (P < 0.01), glucose tolerance decreased (P < 0.05), insulin tolerance decreased (P < 0.05), and insulin contents in the peripheral blood decreased by 20% (P < 0.05).Compared with the WT group, the levels of ce -syn proteins in the pancreas of the TG group increased by 1.32 times (P < 0.05) , the area of islets in the TG group decreased (P < 0.05 ) , the number of islets decreased (P < 0.01) , and the insulin secretion function decreased (P< 0.01).This study showed that the role of a-synuclein in PD is not limited to the damage of dopaminergic neurons, it also can affect metabolism and the morphology and function of peripheral organs, which provides a new theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of PD.

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; Celiac Disease ; complications ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma ; complications ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Integrin alpha Chains ; metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa ; pathology ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology

Adult ; Colonic Neoplasms ; genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Instability ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the applicability of EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Level questionnaire (Chinese Version 1.0) (EQ-5D-3L) in the assessment of life quality of patients with idopathic sudden hearing loss. METHOD: In this retrospect study, the EQ-5D-3L was assigned to 60 patients with idopathic sudden hearing loss before and after drug therapy. Audiometry examinations were undertaken and concomitant symptoms were recorded. A Wilcoxon rank sum test was applicated to the comparisons of results of EQ-5D-3L before and after the treatment, a t-test for results of EQ-VAS and a Kappa measurement for the consistency of certain dimension correlated with the symptoms. RESULT: Sixty patients completed the five questions and visual analog scale of the EQ-5D. A statistically significant changes of pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression before and after the treatment were observed (P < 0.05). The domains of mobility, self-care and usual activities did not show statistically significant different (P > 0.05). The dimension of pain/discomfort was in agreement with the concomitant symptoms. And the result of EQ-VAS was in agreement with the therapeutic outcome. CONCLUSION It is suitable for the EQ-5D to be a general health measure with sensitivity to clinical change in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss, which monitors the patients' outcomes.
Depression ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Self Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Analog Scale

Objective To study the effects of Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix ET Rhizoma extracts on sexual behavior of male mice.Methods 50 healthy male mice were randomly divided into the low dose, middle dose and the high dose Rhodiola group, theNanbao capsules group and the normal control group, 10 mice per group. The low dose, middle dose and high dose group were drenched with 0.05, 0.20 and 0.80 g/kg Rhodiola diluent respectively. TheNanbao capsules group mice were drenched with 2.00 g/kg turbid liquid. The normal control group were drenched with saline in the same volume. Liquid is drenched two times each day for 21 days. After 21 days, 50 female mice were matched with to the ratio of 1:1. The number of free movement and swimming test were observed before execution. After the execution, the organ indexes were calculated, and then the contents of SOD and MDA in the testis and liver were measured.Results Compared with the normal control group, capturing latency period of low dose group and middle dose group (20.88 ± 19.94 s, 35.40 ± 22.02 svs.78.11 ± 43.33 s) significantly decreased (P<0.05 orP<0.01). Testicular coefficient of the middle dose group (0.72% ± 0.10 %vs. 0.64% ± 0.08%) was significantly increased (P<0.05); the content of SOD in testicular of the middle dose group, the high dose groups and theNanbao capsules group (152.71 ± 38.10 U/mg, 122.32 ± 52.76 U/mg, 94.38 ± 22.20 U/mgvs. 25.30 ± 14.21 U/mg) increased (P<0.01); the content of SOD in liver of the middle dose group and theNanbaocapsules group (77.71 ± 26.35 U/mg, 74.10 ± 26.04 U/mgvs. 57.92 ± 17.17 U/mg) significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion Rhodiola extract can improve the ability of sexual behavior of male mice, and improve the antioxidant capacity of testis and liver.