Tuberculosis(TB) is a chronic and debilitating infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb). It is a significant health concern that poses a serious threat to human well-being. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)is the only approved vaccine for the prevention of TB. BCG is made from attenuated bovine Mtb and is highly effective in preventing tuberculous meningitis and granulomatous TB,which are particularly lethal in infants. However,BCG provides limited protection in both children and adults,and this protective effect decreases over time. Currently,there are ongoing improvements being made to BCG,which involve modifications in immunization routes and procedures. Additionally,researchers are working on the development of new TB vaccines. BCG is primarily used for the prevention of TB and the treatment of bladder cancer,although it also has other indications. This paper reviewed the recent research progress of BCG,focusing on its development history,improvements,and indications.

Objective To explore the ultrasonographic features of fetal gastrointestinal tract dilatation and associated abnormalities. Methods From July 2009 to June 2013, 118 cases of fetal bowel dilatation of detected by prenatal ultrasound in our hospital were followed up for their ultrasonographic changes and pregnancy outcomes. The features of fetal bowel dilatation with associated abnormalities and their impact on pregnancy outcomes were summarized. Results Among the 118 cases of fetuses, 101 cases had small bowel dilatation, including 4 cases with adverse pregnancy outcomes. One case had cleft lip and palate and was aborted during 25th week of pregnancy. The other 3 cases had continuous excess of amniotic lfuid and progressive widening of bowel, the average inner diameter of which was above 30.0 mm. In the 3 cases, 2 cases ended with intrauterine death during 34th week of pregnancy and 1 case ended with death at one week after birth. Among the 97 cases of pregnant women with good pregnancy outcomes, 66 cases (66/97) were solitary bowel dilatation, while the remaining 31 cases (31/97) were associated with abnormal soft markers, e.g., excess or decrease of amniotic lfuid, fetal echogenic bowel, fetal uronephrosis, short femur, single umbilical artery, fetal widened lateral ventricles and placenta overripe, etc. Among the 17 cases of colonic dilatation, 1 case had exessive amniotic lfuid and“double-leaf sign”clumps in abdomen during the second trimester and was proved to be anal atresia post partum, while the remaining 16 cases had the colonic dilatation which were found after 34th week of pregnancy and the widest inner diameter of colon was less than 30.0 mm associated with abnormal soft markers like excess or decrease of amniotic lfuid and fetal echogenic bowel, etc., and associated with good pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions Most fetuses with mild to moderate bowel dilatation had favorable outcomes. During ultrasonic examination, the degree and dynamic change of bowel dilatation shall be observed. If bowel dilatation or increment of amniotic fluid continues or worsens, greater risk of poor prognosis is indicated. The larger inner diameter of the small bowel, the greater risk of poor prognosis. If the fetus with bowel dilatation had echogenic bowel before, the risk of intestinal obstruction is comparatively lower. For the fetus suspected for colonic obstruction and anal atresia, it is more meaningful to observe the intestinal morphology and its changes.

Based on the review of the existing evidence of the research on the hospital management institutional ethics , this paper found researches in this area in the last two decades focused on the concept and level definition of hospital management institutional ethics;the construction of hospital management institutional ethics;the value and function of hospital management institutional ethics, and the reason and result of lack of hospital management insti-tutional ethics. On this basis, it pointed out the deficiency of the current researches and outlook the prospects.

There are several main topics in acute myelogenous leukemia at the 57th American Society of Hematology annual meeting, including the optimization about induction and consolidation chemotherapy for AML, the investigation of targeted drugs in AML first line therapy, the marker for AML MRD monitoring, the differentiation drugs, such as tamibarotene in APL, the definition about refractory AML, the induction therapy for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). This article reviewed the research progress of AML in the 57th ASH annual meeting.

Type 2 diabetes(T2DM) is the collective result of insulin resistance in both muscle and liver andβ cell function failure. Traditional pharmaceutical therapy fails in ceasing progressive decline in β cell function. Bariatric surgery has been widely accepted as an efficient measure to treat diabetes. However, the prevalent standards mainly based on body mass index can not meet the demand for promoting remission rate. Related factors should be included in prediction of post-operative remission, like end-point setting, T2DM status, biochemical index, and operative method etc. The combination of these factors can be used to benefit more patients with diabetes.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the GI tract. Surgical resection of the local disease is the gold standard therapy. In recent years, in virtue of the development of minimal invasive surgery such as laparoscopic surgery and endoscopic surgery, laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) has been applicable for treatment of gastric GIST. This article reviewed the recent advances in LECS in treatment of gastric GIST.

AIM: To evaluation the efficacy dosages of topiramate (TMP) in treatment of patients with different types of epilepsy. METHODS : The seizure rate in baseline phase of patients with epilepsy were observed and recorded before treatment of topiramate as monotherapy for 20 weeks. The TMP st arting dosage was 25 mg?d -1 , and then increased to 25 mg?d -1 each week for 8 weeks until effective dosage or 200 mg?d -1 for 12 weeks, and the change of seizure frequency and adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS: The seizure in 31 cases ( 51.7 %) was totally contro lled, seizure reduction of ≥75% was in 14 cases ( 23.3 %), ≥50% was in 4 cas es ( 6.7 %), and

OBJECTIVE: To establish a RP-HPLC method by pre - column derivatization to determine the contents of mi-cronomicin sulfate.METHODS:Kromasil C18 column( 150mm X 4.6mm,5u),mobile phasewater-ice acetic acidmethanol(30 5 : 65) in 0.02mol/L sodium -heptanesulfonate. The detection wavelength was set at 330nm.RESULTS:The linear range was 0.0 976mg/ml-0.9 760mg/ml,(r = 0.9 999),the RSD of the replicate test was 1.0%(n = 6) .CONCLUSION:The method is specific,accurate and sensitive.

The bacteriology examination is a discipline of strong practicality. Fostering manipulation ability and scientific research consciousness and innovative ability of students is the key to improve the quality of teaching on bacteriology examination experiment. The author made exploration of experiment content and system,experiment inspection means and teaching media.

DEAD box family,characterized by the conserved motif D (Asp)-E (Glu)-A (Ala)-D (Asp),are putative RNA helicases,which participate in all cellular processes regulated by RNAs.Studies show that there are examples of dysregulation of DDX family expression in various types of cancer.They are involved in the occurrence and evolution of tumor,and take part in tumor cell proliferation,apoptosis,cycle,invasion,metastasis and metabolism,which can be acted as new molecular markers for the diagnosis of tumor,the evaluation of malignancy and the prediction of clinical prognosis and also provide new potential molecular targets for tumor therapy.Here,we reviewed the structure,biochemical function and the relationship with tumor of DDX family.