Global Health ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Vaccination ; World Health Organization

Therapy methods of esophageal carcinoma have gradually becomecomprehensive treatment according to precise preoperative staging,Traditional preoperative examinations are difficult to meet the requirements of preoperative staging.The level of preoperative staging in esophageal carcinoma is improved by the progress of endoscopic esophageal ultrasound(EUS),EUS-FNA,three-dimensional re-construction,integrated PET-CT,endoscopic techniques and so on.

Objective To explore a more scientific method in the calculation of therapeutic dose of 131I.Methods One hundred and eighty-seven Graves disease patients with 131I treatment were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B).131I dose treatment in group A (n=93) was calculated according to the formula:131I treatment doses (Bq or μ Ci)=planned doses (Bq or μ Ci/g thyroid)×thyroid weight(g)×100/the thyroid highest iodine uptake rate or 24 hours iodine uptake rate(%).On the basis of the calculation formula of 131I dose treatment,dosage adjustment was considered with individual differences,patient's condition and other factors in group B(n=94). Results The cure rate of a single dose of 131I was significantly increased in group B.There was significant difference between group A and group B.The incidences of early onset and late onset hypothyroidism were markedly decreased in group B.There was significant difference between group A and group B. Conclusions On the basis of the previous calculation formula of 131I dose treatment,dosage adjustment is fully considered with individual differences,patient's condition and other factors in this study.This makes the treatment more scientific and reasonable.The cure rate of hyperthyroidism is obviously increased,moreover the occurrence rate of hypothyroidism is obviously decreased.It can reduce the economic burden of patients,and furthermore it will acquire good economic results and society benefit.This method is worth popularizing.

Objective To understand the distribution regularity of the clinical critical value in the plateau region by analyzing the clinical critical value distribution situation in order to provide the scientific basis for further perfect the critical value report system. Methods The critical value items reported by our department from July 1,2010 to June 30,2011 were retrospectively analyzed for studying its distribution regularity.Results The incidence rate of critical values report in our hospital was 0.29%,the incidence rate of critical value such as blood potassium,glucose and blood gas pH had no difference in distribution between genders in Xining region(P >0.05),but had significantly difference among different age groups(P <0.05).In addition,the report number of the criti-cal value of the blood potassium,glucose and blood gas pH in the internal medicine was significantly higher than that in the surgical departments(P <0.01).Conclusion The periodic retrospective analysis of critical value report helps to improve the clinical diagno-sis and the reporting system of critical value.

At present drug-induced renal injury is increasing due to a wide variety of drugs and drug abuse problem.Many pathogenesis includes hemodynamic changes,drug damage,inflammation,immunolesion,renal obstruction,rhabdomyolysis,metabolic disorders and so on.Each pathogenesis can influence each other.The complex pathogenesis and non-specific clinical symptoms in early stage lead to missed diagnosis.Early prevention,monitoring and intervention are important in the development of the disease.Supportive therapy is a critical part of the treatment.Some patients with renal impairment have poor prognosis.

Pritnaiy immunodeficiency diseases can be divided into eight diseases, including defects in innate immunity. According to new literature,defects in innate immunity involves seven diseases which are all resulted from gene mutation. Three diseases have a correlation with NF-κB signaling pathway. Different from common primary immunodeficiency diseases, two diseases have a correlation with virus infection. Defects in innate immunity play an important role in primary immunodeficiency diseases. But it can't make a definite diagnosis because of incompletely understanding.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) is one of the main causes which threatend the health of preterm infants. As neonatal intensive care improved, the "new" BPD have replaced the" old" BPD. The development of BPD involved many factors, and several preventative and therapeutic strategies have been used in BPD.

Objective To explore the curative effect of pituitrin in laparoscopic conservative surgery in the treatment of 60 patients with tubal pregnancy.Methods 120 eggs tube pregnancy patients were selected as the research subjects.According to the random blind points method,they were divided into the observation group and control group,60 cases in each group.The control group was undergoing laparoscopic conservative surgery directly,the observation group was injected pituitrin in the mesosalpinx before laparoscopic surgery.The intraoperative and postoperative condition,postoperative hospitalization days and blood β-human chorionic gonadotrophin(β-HCG) level changes and clinical curative effect were observed and compared in the two groups.Results The intraoperative blood loss,hemostatic time,operation time,postoperative body temperature,hospitalization days of the observation group were (21.12±7.86)mL,(3.61±1.68)min,(35.23±10.45)min,(37.35±0.65)℃,(5.64±0.66)d,respectively,which of the control group were (97.63±12.11)mL,(13.21±2.91)min,(67.97±20.13)min,(37.62±0.48)℃,(6.75±0.75)d,respectively,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=41.049,22.130,11.181,2.588,8.606,all P<0.05).The serum β-HCG at 1d,4d,7d after operation of the observation group were (587.54±105.14)U/L,(141.28±41.21)U/L,(52.47±22.32)U/L,respectively,which of the control group were (609.45±114.89)U/L,(238.43±52.16)U/L,(115.33±26.15)U/L,respectively,the serum-HCG values of the two groups were lower than before operation,there were significant difference between the two groups in serum-HCG after operation at 4d and 7d(t=11.320,14.162,all P<0.05).The effective rate of the observation group was 98.33%,which of the control group was 86.67%,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=5.885,P<0.05).Conclusion The laparoscopic surgical treatment of tubal pregnancy patients with preoperative injection of pituitrin can not only reduce the bleeding in the operation and shorten the operation time and hospital stay,lower blood β-HCG level,also can improve the clinical curative effect,it is worthy of popularization and application.

The method and developing progress on CT automated dose management are introduced. Modern method on CT automated dose management compromises real-time angular dose modulation and Z axis tube current modulation. Provided the automated dose management are correctly applied,the image quality can be optimized at minimum dose.

Objective To discuss the clinical curative effect of hysteroscopy,laparoscopic operation for the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP).Methods Selected and analyzed the clinical data of CSP patients,inclu-ding transvaginal uterine scar pregnancy lumpectomy patients,14 cases of patients (group A),abdominal uterine scar pregnancy lumpectomy,14 cases of patients (group B),laparoscopic surgery,20 cases of patients (group C).The intraoperative,postoperative,postoperative complications were compared in three groups.Results Three groups of patients were completed excision of the lesion,the operation time,flatus time,hospital stay of group A were the shortest,followed by group C (compared with group A,t =6.8,6.5,0.62),group B longest (compared with group A, t =7.2,14.9,6.2).In group B,1 case had blood transfusion;blood HCG had no difference in recovery time of three groups;the lowest average cost of hospitalization in group A,followed by group B (t =3.1),the highest was group C (t =0.72);group B postoperative complications a minimum of two cases (15.0%),followed by group A,group B up to seven cases (50.0%).Conclusion Laparoscopic excision of caesarean scar pregnancy can be suitable in the treatment of exogenous caesarean sear pregnancy which offers advantages.This management could repair the uterine seals,and Conserves the fertility potential.