Since corneal thickness is changed by various corneal disease, it is important to determine the normal value of the corneal thickness. Normal corneal thickness was measured by Sohn (1972) in our depatment. Also it was reported by Murata and Kato (1963), von Bahr(1948) that the corneal thickness is thinner in myopia than in emmetropia. Author measured central corneal thickness of 58 myopic eyes which divided into three groups according to the degree of myopia-group 1(-0.25D ~ 3.75D), group 2(-4.0D ~ 5.75D) and group 3(more than -6.0D)-using Haag-Streit pachometer and Mishima and Hedbys modified device to determine the changes of the corneal thickness of the myopic eyes. Results obtained as follows: 1. In group 1, group 2 and group 3, the mean value with standard deviation for the central part of the cornea was 0.497 +/- 0.012mm, 0.452 +/- 0.011mm and 0.430 +/- 0.012mm, respectively. 2. There was no significant difference of the central corneal thickness between group 1 and emmetropia. 3. However central corneal thickness of the group 2 and 3 were significantly thinner than that of group 1, respectively (P<0.001). 4. The central corneal thickness was significantly thinner in group 3 than that of group 2 (P<0.001). 5. The changes of central corneal thickness linealy decreased as the myopic degree increased from -4.0D to -7.0D.
Cornea ; Corneal Diseases ; Emmetropia ; Myopia ; Reference Values

The refractive state of 321 children (160 boys and 161 girls) of a rural primary school were examined under the cycloplegic condition with 5% homatropine. The results obtained as folIow; 1. Among 321 children, the refractive errors was revealed in 28.0% and emmetropia was revealed in 72.0%. 2. As to the distribution of refractive errors, hyperopic eyes were 39.5% and myopic eyes were 60.6%. 3. The refractive errors were observed more frequently in girls (15.4%) than those of boys (12.5%). 4. There was a tendency that hyperopic refractive error was gradually decreased from 8 years of age as the age increased. However, myopic refractive error was incerased gradually from 8 years of age. 5. At the age of 11 highest incidence of the refractive errors was observed (22.8%). 6. The degree of most of refractive errors(98.4%) were revealed less than 3 diopters. 7. As to the type of astigmatism, with the rule was 51.4% and against rule was 42.9%.
Astigmatism ; Child* ; Emmetropia ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Refractive Errors

Central serous chorioretinopathy is a disease which causes decreased visual acuity and functional disturbance. As the subretinal fluid is absorbed, the visual acuity is improved but patient's complaint such as metamorphosia is remained. To assess the recovery of visual functional disturbance in response to absorption of the fluid, the hue discrimination and contrast sensitivity were tested in central serous retinopathy patients (N=30) at the first visit, first visit after the absorption of subretinal fluid, and final visit. At the first visit, there were stastically significant differences in the mean square root of total error score, blue-yellow and red-green partial error score between normal control group and central serous retinopathy group and stastically significant differences in all spatial frequency between normal group and central serous retinopathy group. First visit after the absorption of subretinal fluid, and final visit, there were stastically significant differences in the mean square root of total error score, blue-yellow and red-green partial error score between normal control group and central serous retinopathy group and stastically significant differences in mid-high spatial frequency between normal group and central serous retinopathy group.
Absorption ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Contrast Sensitivity* ; Discrimination (Psychology)* ; Humans ; Subretinal Fluid ; Visual Acuity

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy(AMPPE), originally described by Gass in 1968, is a syndrome involving(1) rapid loss of central vision secondary to multifocal yellowish-white placoid lesions at the level of the pigment epithelium rather than in choroid; (2) rapid resolution of theselesions with perm anent alteration in the pigment epithelium and minimal damage to the adjacent choroid and retina; and (3) significant visual recovery which continues for several weeks or months after apparent ophthalmoscopic resolution of the acute lesions. Fluorescein angiography shows that the choroidal fluorescence is not visible at the site of acute lesions in the early arterial phase, but there is hyperfluorescence due to staining of the lesion in the late venous phase. We experienced and treated a case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, presenting with bilateral bullous serous sensory retinal detachment in 39 years old male, who had a good visual improvement.
Adult ; Choroid ; Epithelium ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Male ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde*

Inspite of technical advances, long term retinal reattachment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy following the successful surgery is often disturbed by the occurrence of cell proliferation and traction. A variety of antimetabolite or anticancer drugs have been tried to use for testing their antiproliferative effects on proliferative vitreoretinopathy. To evaluate the antiproliferative property of 5-FU, we treated with the different concentration of 5-FU(0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/L) on cultured bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells and performed dose inhibition studies. We also examined the 5-FU treated bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells by inverted microscope daily to evaluate the morphologic change for 5 days. The results were as follows; 1. 5-FU inhibited proliferation of bovine pigment epithelial cells in a dose dependent and a time dependent manner. 2. The drug concentration required for 50% inhibition of cell growth(ID50) was found to be 1.87 mg/L. 3. As the drug concentration increased, the cell density gradually decreased and the degenerative changes such as irregular shape of cells, cytoplasmic vaculoes and cell debris were aggravated. In 10 mg/L of 5-FU treated well, disruption of cell membrane and cell death were noted from the first day of incubation. These results show that 5-FU has a potent antiprolifertive effects in retinal pigment epithelial cell and toxic effet in high dose.
Cell Count ; Cell Death ; Cell Membrane ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells* ; Fluorouracil* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Traction ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

The ocular manifestations of leukemic retinopathy can be divided into secondary manifestations due to hemorrhage and macular edema, and direct manifestations of leukemic infiltration. Case reports about leukemic infiltration of the optic nerve head are rare. We have experienced a case of leukemic retinopathy in a 16-year-old girl. She visited to our hospital due to sudden decrease of visual acutiy on both eyes and confirmed acute lymphocytic leukemia on bone marrow biopsy. In addition to macular edema and hemorrhage due to secondary manifestations of leukocytosis, there were sheathing noted about retinal arterioles, and disc edema were present on both eyes which seems to be the optic nerve head infiltration of leukemic cells.
Adolescent ; Arterioles ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Edema ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leukemic Infiltration* ; Leukocytosis ; Macular Edema ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Retinaldehyde

Authors reported one case of huge epidermoid cyst which is located between the eye ball and temporal wall of left orbit. This male patient, aged 33, has been a history of progressive exophthalmos without pain Bince over ten years. At the time of first visit to the hospital, exophthalmometry revealed in 12mm in right eye and 32mm in left eye. And poor vision (20/200) and notable eso-hypotropia with the oomplete limitation of extra ocular muscles of left eye was also observed. By roentgeographic study, significant enlargement of the bony orbit in the left eye was resulted from the tumor. Surgical removal of the huge intraorbital cyst was performed successfully according to the modified Klonlein's technical appoach and the cyst tumor, sized 5 X 3 X 3cm with volume content of about 30cc, was conformed histopathologically.
Epidermal Cyst* ; Exophthalmos ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Orbit*

Ocular metastasis of metastatic carcinoma is the most common intraocular malignancy. The most common pr1mary Site of the lntraocular metastatic tumor is the breast ln women and the lung 1n men respectlvely and the choroid Is by far the most common site for intraocular metastasis. RadlOtherapy has been reported hlghly effect1ve in pal1iative treatment for metastatic tumor. We experienced a case choroidal metastasis in a known metastatic breast carcinoma patient and gained clinical lmprovement by rad1otherapy in this case.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Choroid* ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Optic nerve gliomas are uncommon, and they and derived from altrocyte or oligodendrocyte of the optic nerve. The peak incidence is from 2 to 6 years of age. In most cases, prognosis is good and it is usually developed unilaterally. Occasionally it involves bilateral optic nerve and then usually associated with neurofibrotnatosis. Among reports of optic nerve gliomas, the incidence of neurofibromatosis varies from 12% to 38%. We have experienced of a case of bilateral optic nerve glioma not associated with neurofibromatosis in a 6 year old female patient. So the literature of the optic nerve gliomas was briefly reviewed with clinical study.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neurofibromatoses ; Oligodendroglia ; Optic Nerve Glioma* ; Optic Nerve* ; Prognosis

Choroidal neovascularization, also called subtetinal or subpigment epithelial neovasculariztation, may occur in the absence of any associated disorder and with no known etiology; in such cases, it is designated as idiopathic. Idibpathic chormdal neovascularization is characterized generally by an isolated neovascular membrane in the macula and is usually associated with a serous and/or hemorrhagic detachment of the overlying and adjacent sensory retina. The classic angiographic findings are lacy, nodular, or irregular, hyperfluorescence in the early phase, with pooling of dye in the subsensory retinal space during the late phase. The authors experienced a case of idiopathic choroidal neovascularization. A brief review of literature is described.
Choroid* ; Choroidal Neovascularization* ; Membranes ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde