Since corneal thickness is changed by various corneal disease, it is important to determine the normal value of the corneal thickness. Normal corneal thickness was measured by Sohn (1972) in our depatment. Also it was reported by Murata and Kato (1963), von Bahr(1948) that the corneal thickness is thinner in myopia than in emmetropia. Author measured central corneal thickness of 58 myopic eyes which divided into three groups according to the degree of myopia-group 1(-0.25D ~ 3.75D), group 2(-4.0D ~ 5.75D) and group 3(more than -6.0D)-using Haag-Streit pachometer and Mishima and Hedbys modified device to determine the changes of the corneal thickness of the myopic eyes. Results obtained as follows: 1. In group 1, group 2 and group 3, the mean value with standard deviation for the central part of the cornea was 0.497 +/- 0.012mm, 0.452 +/- 0.011mm and 0.430 +/- 0.012mm, respectively. 2. There was no significant difference of the central corneal thickness between group 1 and emmetropia. 3. However central corneal thickness of the group 2 and 3 were significantly thinner than that of group 1, respectively (P<0.001). 4. The central corneal thickness was significantly thinner in group 3 than that of group 2 (P<0.001). 5. The changes of central corneal thickness linealy decreased as the myopic degree increased from -4.0D to -7.0D.
Cornea ; Corneal Diseases ; Emmetropia ; Myopia ; Reference Values

Changes in the thickness and composition of Bruch's membrane with aging have been described by several observers and related to the development of macular with advancing ageby region, comparing the macular area with more peripheral areas. In the younger (less than. 50 years) eyes we studied, the thickness of macular Bruch's membrane was about equal to that of peripheral Bruch's membrane. With aging, however, the thickness of Bruch's membrane was greater in the periphery than the macula. With increasing age, Bruch's membrane increased in basophilic reaction, PAS positivity and the detectable sialomucin fraction. In the macular region, but not in more peripheral regions, there is a preferential thickening of the interchoriocapillaris "teeth" of Bruch's degeneration by some. Using a combination of histochemical and electronmicroscopic techniques, we have examined the state of Bruch's membrane membrane material. By electronmicroscopy, in older eyes, the elastin layer of Bruch's membrane appears fragmented, while, in the periphery, it is continuous and resembles that of younger eyes. In summary, Bruch's membrane exhibits little regional difference in thickness in younger eyes, but the macular region becomes relatively thinner than more peripheral regions in older eyes. With advancing age, the deposition of extracellular matrix materials in appatite and fragmentation of the elastin layer is dramatically more prominent in the macular region than in the periphery. This regional variation may be related, at least in part, to some aspects of macular degeneration.
Aging ; Basophils ; Bruch Membrane* ; Elastin ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans* ; Macular Degeneration ; Membranes ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction ; Sialomucins

We report removing a large subretinal hemorrhage by means of vitrectomy combined with the use of tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) to facilitate clot removal. A 25-year-old man had a 4 days history of visual loss in the right eye after blunt trauma. The right fundus had a large subretinal hemorrhage involving macula. Surgery was performed the following day. A small retinotomy was made, through which tPA was injected into the subretinal space and through which the dissolved clot was removed. The use of tPA minimizes surgical manipulation of the retina and greatly reduces the size of the retinotomy reguired for evacuation of subretinal bood. Although the long-term prognosis is guarded, this case does suggest that tPA may be a useful adjunct in managing of subretinal hemorrhage.
Adult ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Plasminogen ; Prognosis ; Retina ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator* ; Vitrectomy

Central serous chorioretinopathy is a disease which causes decreased visual acuity and functional disturbance. As the subretinal fluid is absorbed, the visual acuity is improved but patient's complaint such as metamorphosia is remained. To assess the recovery of visual functional disturbance in response to absorption of the fluid, the hue discrimination and contrast sensitivity were tested in central serous retinopathy patients (N=30) at the first visit, first visit after the absorption of subretinal fluid, and final visit. At the first visit, there were stastically significant differences in the mean square root of total error score, blue-yellow and red-green partial error score between normal control group and central serous retinopathy group and stastically significant differences in all spatial frequency between normal group and central serous retinopathy group. First visit after the absorption of subretinal fluid, and final visit, there were stastically significant differences in the mean square root of total error score, blue-yellow and red-green partial error score between normal control group and central serous retinopathy group and stastically significant differences in mid-high spatial frequency between normal group and central serous retinopathy group.
Absorption ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Contrast Sensitivity* ; Discrimination (Psychology)* ; Humans ; Subretinal Fluid ; Visual Acuity

The refractive state of 321 children (160 boys and 161 girls) of a rural primary school were examined under the cycloplegic condition with 5% homatropine. The results obtained as folIow; 1. Among 321 children, the refractive errors was revealed in 28.0% and emmetropia was revealed in 72.0%. 2. As to the distribution of refractive errors, hyperopic eyes were 39.5% and myopic eyes were 60.6%. 3. The refractive errors were observed more frequently in girls (15.4%) than those of boys (12.5%). 4. There was a tendency that hyperopic refractive error was gradually decreased from 8 years of age as the age increased. However, myopic refractive error was incerased gradually from 8 years of age. 5. At the age of 11 highest incidence of the refractive errors was observed (22.8%). 6. The degree of most of refractive errors(98.4%) were revealed less than 3 diopters. 7. As to the type of astigmatism, with the rule was 51.4% and against rule was 42.9%.
Astigmatism ; Child* ; Emmetropia ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Refractive Errors

The clinical evaluation of blue-green argon laser photocoagulation in confirmed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was done in 7 patients(8 eyes) from September, 1985 to May 1986 at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital. The laser photocoagulation around the hole was performed after bed rest and confirmed re-attachment of retina was established in the cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The follow-up period after laser photocoagulation ranged from 1 1/2 months to 18 months(mean 9.75 months). The age range of the patients were from 14 years to 65 years and there were 3 males(4 eyes) and 4 females(4 eyes). The results are obtained as follows; 1. In all cases, there were well-attached retina and recurrent retinal detachment didn't occur after laser treatment. 2. The visual acuity improvement ranged from 0.15 to 0.6(mean 0.27) The authors experienced a good prognosis in all cases.
Argon* ; Bed Rest ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Prognosis ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity

Authors reported one case of huge epidermoid cyst which is located between the eye ball and temporal wall of left orbit. This male patient, aged 33, has been a history of progressive exophthalmos without pain Bince over ten years. At the time of first visit to the hospital, exophthalmometry revealed in 12mm in right eye and 32mm in left eye. And poor vision (20/200) and notable eso-hypotropia with the oomplete limitation of extra ocular muscles of left eye was also observed. By roentgeographic study, significant enlargement of the bony orbit in the left eye was resulted from the tumor. Surgical removal of the huge intraorbital cyst was performed successfully according to the modified Klonlein's technical appoach and the cyst tumor, sized 5 X 3 X 3cm with volume content of about 30cc, was conformed histopathologically.
Epidermal Cyst* ; Exophthalmos ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Orbit*

Inspite of technical advances, long term retinal reattachment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy following the successful surgery is often disturbed by the occurrence of cell proliferation and traction. A variety of antimetabolite or anticancer drugs have been tried to use for testing their antiproliferative effects on proliferative vitreoretinopathy. To evaluate the antiproliferative property of 5-FU, we treated with the different concentration of 5-FU(0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/L) on cultured bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells and performed dose inhibition studies. We also examined the 5-FU treated bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells by inverted microscope daily to evaluate the morphologic change for 5 days. The results were as follows; 1. 5-FU inhibited proliferation of bovine pigment epithelial cells in a dose dependent and a time dependent manner. 2. The drug concentration required for 50% inhibition of cell growth(ID50) was found to be 1.87 mg/L. 3. As the drug concentration increased, the cell density gradually decreased and the degenerative changes such as irregular shape of cells, cytoplasmic vaculoes and cell debris were aggravated. In 10 mg/L of 5-FU treated well, disruption of cell membrane and cell death were noted from the first day of incubation. These results show that 5-FU has a potent antiprolifertive effects in retinal pigment epithelial cell and toxic effet in high dose.
Cell Count ; Cell Death ; Cell Membrane ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells* ; Fluorouracil* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Traction ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

Ocular metastasis of metastatic carcinoma is the most common intraocular malignancy. The most common pr1mary Site of the lntraocular metastatic tumor is the breast ln women and the lung 1n men respectlvely and the choroid Is by far the most common site for intraocular metastasis. RadlOtherapy has been reported hlghly effect1ve in pal1iative treatment for metastatic tumor. We experienced a case choroidal metastasis in a known metastatic breast carcinoma patient and gained clinical lmprovement by rad1otherapy in this case.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Choroid* ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Optic nerve gliomas are uncommon, and they and derived from altrocyte or oligodendrocyte of the optic nerve. The peak incidence is from 2 to 6 years of age. In most cases, prognosis is good and it is usually developed unilaterally. Occasionally it involves bilateral optic nerve and then usually associated with neurofibrotnatosis. Among reports of optic nerve gliomas, the incidence of neurofibromatosis varies from 12% to 38%. We have experienced of a case of bilateral optic nerve glioma not associated with neurofibromatosis in a 6 year old female patient. So the literature of the optic nerve gliomas was briefly reviewed with clinical study.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neurofibromatoses ; Oligodendroglia ; Optic Nerve Glioma* ; Optic Nerve* ; Prognosis