AIM: To study the effect of propolis on the expression of CD54 and activation of NF-?B p65 in lung tissue of acute lung injury (ALI) rats. METHODS: 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control, model control, dectancyl group, water soluble derivative of propolis (WSP) group and ethanol extracted propolis (EEP) group. ALI animal model was performed by oleic acid and LPS twice attack. The pathologic slice was observed with light microscope and the NF-?B p65 activity and CD54 expression were tested by immunohistochemistry (SABC and SP). RESULTS: Both EEP and WSP antagonized the lung edema, decreased the inflammation and inhibited the expression of CD54 and activation of NF-?B p65. CONCLUSION: The increase in the expression of CD54 and the activation of NF-?B p65 in the lung tissues of ALI were involved in the formation of ALI. Propolis ameliorated the lung damage, which maybe related to the inhibition of CD54 expression and NF-?B p65 activation.

Objective To establish a detection method of Salmonella in laboratory animals based on a high-throughput sequencing technology, and to apply it in detection of Salmonella in laboratory animals.Methods DNA samples were extracted from mouse feces.Universal primers for 16S rDNA, 23S rDNA, 16S-23S rDNA, 23S-5S rDNA region, gyrB preferred area were designed, respectively.Each primer was tested and analyzed to determine the best amplification conditions and build a database.Forty-two samples of Salmonella were assayed by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and evaluated the specificity and stability of this method.Results The species preferred region of Salmonella was gyrB gene region.The primers for gyrB gene were FP5 ’-AACCACCGCAATCAGACCTT3‘ and FP5 ’-AGCCACGAAACCTTCACYA-3’.The primers were optimized and determined, through a high-throughput sequencing, and the sequence analysis detected very small amount of Salmonella in the 42 samples, indicating that this detection method is stable, highly sensitive, and the limit of detection reached to 0-102 CFU.Conclusions We have established a complete detection system for detection of Salmonella in laboratory animals based on a high-throughput sequencing technology, This system can detect trace amounts of Salmonella in laboratory animals, and this detection method is stable and highly sensitive, which can be also used in detection of other kinds of pathogenic microorganism in laboratory animals.

Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and the possible mechanism of water and ethanol extracts of propolis. Method: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: normal group, model group, medicine groups, two groups treated with water and ethanol extracts of propolis. The acute pleurisy model was established by injecting carrageenan. The effects of propolis on acute pleurisy was studied by counting leukocytes, measuring the content of MDA, lysozyme and activity of SOD in serum and the content of NO, protein and PGE2 in pleural effusion. Results: The propolis solutions extracted by water and ethanol presented obvious effect on inflammation. It could antagonize the purulent pleurisy, reduce the number of leukocytes and the content of MDA, lysozyme and activity of SOD in serum and the contents of NO, protein and PGE2 and decrease the inflammation. Conclusion: Propolis displays anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the action of NO and PGE2 and preventing the activation of protein kinase.

Objective To knockout the murine Txnip gene using microinjection of transcription activator-like effector nuclease ( TALEN) mRNAs.Methods TALEN knockout site recognizing Txnip was designed by tools on line, then constructed the vectors and assayed its cleavage activity at cellular level.TALEN mRNA was transcribed in vitro and microinjected into C57BL/6J mouse zygotes.F0 mice were verified at DNA level with BamHI and TXNIP-knockout mice were obtained.Results We designed and constructed TALENs which recognized and cut the first exon of Txnip, and got four TXNIP knockout mice, among which two were frameshift mutation, demonstrating that the TXNIP-knockout mice were generated by TALEN technique.Conclusions Microinjection of in vitro transcribed TALEN mRNAs into murine zygotes is a highly effective and convenient way to develop TXNIP-knockout mouse model.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the major metabolic diseases.In view of the defects of traditional animal models, this study was the first to establish the NAFLD model of Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) with simple feed formula which is similar to human (from simple fatty liver to steatohepatitis, fibrosis,Liver cirrhosis).This study discussed the mechanism of rapid fatty liver deposition in Mongolian gerbil, revealed its molecular mechanism,main regulatory target and network function of fatty liver susceptibility.We provide a new animal model of NAFLD with relatively clear background and less time-consuming for clinical treatment and new drug development.The theoretical and practical basis for the breeding of inbred strain NAFLD gerbil was established.

This paper introduces a design for an embedded cancer pain-reliever based on ARM. In this pain-reliever, ARM7 S3C44B0 is CPU, CPLD generates precise waves, DC-DC boost convertor generates high voltage and it has a secondary music-therapy function.
Analgesia ; instrumentation ; Artificial Intelligence ; Equipment Design

Objective To investigate the effect of long-term antiviral treatment on clinical outcome and liver histology in patients with hepatitis B virus ( HBV)-related compensated cirrhosis .Methods A total of 61 patients with HBV-related compensated cirrhosis receiving antiviral therapy were enrolled from Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province during September 2010 and March 2015, including 26 HBeAg-positive cases and 35 HBeAg-negative cases .Thirty-nine patients were treated with entecavir ( ETV ) and 22 were treated with adefovir dipivoxil ( ADV ) .Biochemical , serological and virological markers were examined every 3 months during treatment, and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores were calculated.All the patients underwent liver biopsy before and 144 weeks after antiviral treatment .Metavir scoring system was used to evaluate the liver histological activity ( A) and fibrosis score ( F) .Wilcoxon rank sum test and paired t-test were used for the evaluation of liver histopathology and liver function before and after treatment , respectively.Results After 144 weeks of antiviral treatment , HBV DNA was reduced and below the lower limit of detection in 58 patients (95.1%), HBeAg disappeared in 14 patients (14/26, 53.8%), and HBeAg seroconversion was observed in 10 patients (10/26, 38.5%); alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), aspartate amino transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil) and CTP score decreased (t=7.489, 8.259, 14.000 and 6.026, all P<0.01), prothrombin time (PT) was shortened (t=9.777, P<0.01), and serum albumin (Alb) increased (t=3.446, P<0.01).Improvements in both liver histologic activity and fibrosis score were observed (Z=5.716 and 6.657, all P<0.01).Liver histological activity decreased from A1 to A0 in 16 cases, from A2 to A0 in 9 cases, from A2 to A1 in 15 cases, from A3 to A0 in 1 case, from A3 to A1 in 5 cases, and from A3 to A2 in 5 cases.Fibrosis score at the baseline was F 4 for all patients, while after treatment, there were 7 patients with F1, 22 with F2, 20 with F3, and F4 remained in rest 12 patients.Conclusion Both clinical and histological improvements can be obtained after long-term antiviral treatment for patients with HBV-related compensated cirrhosis .

Objective To investigate the role of mitochondrial cytochrome c on hepatocyte apoptosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rabbits and its pathogenesis.Methods Forty Japanese white rabbits were randomly assigned to control group and model group.The model group was divided into three subgroups: 4-week, 6-week, and 8-week groups, with 10 rabbits in each group.The model groups were subcutaneously injected with peanut oil (1.2 mL/kg), twice a week for 4 weeks, 6 weeks or 8 weeks.The rabbits of all groups were killed at the right time.Serum samples were collected to detect the serum biochemical index levels.Liver tissue samples were taken for pathological observation using HE staining.The hepatocyte apoptosis index ( AI ) was measured by flow cytometry, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( MPTP) was evaluated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the hepatic expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, CYT C and caspase-3.Western blot was performed to detect the changes of CYT C and caspase-3 protein expressions.Results The model groups showed hepatic injury and high level of TC, TG, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-αbeginning from 4 weeks.With the NAFLD process, the hepatocyte apoptosis index was significantly increased at 4-8 weeks and the MPTP was gradually increased.In the model group, hepatic Bcl-2, Bax, CYT C and caspase-3 expressions were increased steadily with the time passing.Conclusions NAFLD-induced liver damage is associated with apoptosis, and the mitochondrial cytochrome c-mediated apoptotic pathway plays a role in the occurrence of NAFLD.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical use of ornidazole injection in a wide patient population by the post-marketing hospital centralized monitoring method in order to regulate and guide its rational use, improve the drug specification, and provide a basis for the drug therapy. METHODS: A prospective, multi-center, large sample hospital centralized monitoring method was adopted. Five sentinel hospitals in Hubei Province were selected, and hospitalized patients who received ornidazole injection treatment from July 1, 2015 to October 31, 2015 were observed. The basic information of the patients was recorded, as well as the drug use and adverse events, and then statistical analysis was made. RESULTS: A total of 4396 cases were enrolled in this study, most of them were middle-aged female patients. Ornidazole injection was mainly used before surgeries to prevent infections and after surgeries for treatment of anaerobic infections, abdominal infections and pelvic infections. Irrational drug use existed in clinic, mainly concentrating at unreasonable dosing frequency, excessive dripping speed, and long duration of use. Eleven cases of adverse reactions were collected during the monitoring, indicating an incidence of adverse drug reactions of 2.5‰, and most of the adverse drug reactions occurred within 30 min post drug administration. CONCLUSION: The manufacturers should make further investigation on the dripping speed and quality standard of ornidazole injection to further improve the information in the package insert and regulate the clinical use.

Varicocele is one of the most important causes of male infertility, as this condition leads to a decline in sperm quality. It is generally believed that the presence of varicocele induces an increase in reactive oxygen species levels, leading to oxidative stress and sperm apoptosis; however, the specific pathogenic mechanisms affecting spermatogenesis remain elusive. Prokineticin 2 (PK2), a secretory protein, is associated with multiple biological processes, including cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. In the testis, PK2 is expressed in spermatocytes under normal physiological conditions. To investigate the role of PK2 in varicocele, a rat varicocele model was established to locate and quantify the expression of PK2 and its receptor, prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1), by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR assays (qPCR). Moreover, H2O2was applied to mimic the oxidative stress state of varicocele through coculturing with a spermatocyte-derived cell line (GC-2) in vitro, and the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Here, we illustrated that the expression levels of PK2 and PKR1 were upregulated in the spermatocytes of the rat model. Administration of H2O2stimulated the overexpression of PK2 in GC-2. Transfection of recombinant pCMV-HA-PK2 into GC-2 cells promoted apoptosis by upregulating cleaved-caspase-3, caspase-8, and B cell lymphoma 2-associated X; downregulating B cell lymphoma 2; and promoting the accumulation of intracellular calcium. Overall, we revealed that the varicocele-induced oxidative stress stimulated the overexpression of PK2, leading to apoptosis of spermatocytes. Our study provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying oxidative stress-associated male infertility and suggests a novel therapeutic target for male infertility.