Objective To investigate the relationship between the calcium ion and the effects of ECA on the contraction of the smooth muscles of Oncomelania foot, and explore the mechanism of ECA in decreasing the snail climbing adhesion and increasing snail-killing. Method The in vitro experiment was used to observe the effects of ECA on contraction activities of foot smooth muscles of Oncomelania. Results ECA 5. 0, 10. 0, 20. 0 mg/L. enhanced the resting tension, decreased the contraction range and increased the contraction frequency of the foot smooth muscles of Oncomelania in Ringer's solution with or without Ca2+ , with a characteristic of the dose-dependent, but stronger in solution with Ca2+ than that in solution without Ca2+. Conclusions ECA can enhance the resting tension, decrease the contraction range and increase the contraction frequency of the foot smooth muscles of Oncomelania. This suggested that ECA could be related to increasing the intracellular Ca2+ release and influx of the extracellular Ca2+. This could provide an explanation why ECA decreases the rate of Oncomelania climbing adhesion and enhances snail-killing.

Objective To investigate the effects of triangle stents with different rotation angles on hemodynamics of cerebral aneurysms. Methods A non-uniform lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was adopted to make local refinement on grids near the stent, and a scheme for the curved boundary conditions was used to numerically simulate the stented cerebral aneurysms. The stream plots of flows in the aneurysms, the velocity profiles at the aneurysm orifice and the velocity reduction were obtained and analyzed to evaluate the effects of stents with different rotation angles on treating cerebral aneurysms. Results With respect to velocity reduction, the best treatment effect was achieved in the triangle stent with rotation angle of 180°, while the triangle stent without any rotation caused the smallest velocity reduction. In addition，the dynamic differences were not obvious in triangle stents with different rotation angles at small porosities. Conclusions The non-uniform LBM combined with curved boundary conditions can be used to study hemodynamic characteristics of the cerebral aneurysm accurately, which provides reference for the design of such stent and also offers some guidance for intervention therapy in clinic.

Objective To understand the acute toxicity of a plant-derived molluscicide Eomecon Chionantha Hance alkaloids ECA to fish. Methods The conventional tests of acute toxicity to fish were carried out at the laboratory. Results The Hypophthalmichthys molitrix mortality was zero under the concentration of 1. 25 mg/L for 96 hours, and 100% under the concentration of 20. 0 mg/ L. for 2 hours. LC50 of ECA to Hypophthalmichthys molitrix was 6. 457 mg/L for 2 h and the 95% confidence interval was 5. 289-7. 882 mg/L. The Cyprinus carpio mortality was zero under the con centration of 2. 5 mg/L for 96 hours, and 100% under the concentration of 20. 0 mg/L for 2 hours. LC50 of ECA to the Cyprinus carpio was 7. 244 mg/L for 2 hours and the 95% confidence interval was 5. 278-9. 954 mg/L. The Carassius auratus mortality was zero under the concentration of 1. 25 mg/L for 96 hours, and 100 % under the concentration of 20. 0 mg/L for 5 hours. LC50 of EGA to the Carassius auratus was 7. 080 mg/L for 5 hours and the 95% confidence interval was 5. 202 -9. 635 mg/L. Conclusion Toxicity of ECA to fish is lower than that of niclosamide. The EGA thus represents a promising plant-derived molluscicide which is worthy of further investigation.

Objective To understand the molluscicidal effects of Eomecon Chionantha Alkaloids (ECA) on Oncomelania hupensis.Methods By using immersion methods for different durations of time the molluscicidal effects of ECA and the rate of snails climbing-upward were observed. Results While the solution concentrations and temperatures of ECA were at 1.25 mg/L,30℃;2.5 mg/L,25℃;5 mg/L and 10 mg/L,25℃ respectively,and the snails were immersed for 72 hours,the mortality of Oncomelania snails were 100%. The hatching rates of Oncomelania eggs after immersed for 72 h in the solution of 5 mg/L were 0～10%. ECA showed an inhibiting effect on the snails' climbing-upward in the concentrations of 5 mg/L. Conclusion ECA has molluscicidal effect on Oncomelania and is one of the potential plant molluscicides.

Objective: To observe the effects of different doses of human urinary Kallidinogenase (HUK) on the expression of bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) and bradykinin 2 receptor (B2R) in SD rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). Methods: The right MCAO model of SD rats was established by modified Zea Longa thread thrombus method. The 25 successfully prepared SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (5 in each group):the Sham group,the I/R model group (I/R +saline group),the HUK low dose treatment group (I/R + LDP group),the HUK medium dose treatment group (I/R + MDP group) and the HUK high dose treatment group (I/R + HDP group). After 30 min,each group was given HUK (the I/R + LDP group:3. 50 × 10-3 PNAU/kg;the I/R + MDP group:8. 75 × 10-3 PNAU/kg;the I/R + HDP group: 17.50 × 10-3 PNAU/kg) or saline tail vein injection for continuous 7 days. The samples were taken after regular injection once a day. The relative expression of mRNA in the marginal area of infarction was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and microvascular growth density (MVD) was measured by vWF factor inimuno -fluorescence (FITC). Results (1)B1R mRNA expression;Compared with I/R + saline group, the mRNA expression of B1R in I/R + LDP group,I/R + MDP group,I/R + HDP group was all up-regulated ([0. 34 ± 0. 05], [0. 35 ± 0. 04], [0. 47 ± 0. 03] vs. [0.23 ±0.05],all P <0.05);Compared with I/R + LDP group and I/R + MDP group,the mRNA expression of B1R in I/R +HDP group was was all up-regulated (all P<0.05). (2)B2R mRiNA expression:Compared with Sham group, the mRNA expression of B2R in I/R + saline group was up-regulated([0.33 ±0.01]vs. [0.23 ± 0. 02],P <0. 05);Compared with I/R + saline group, the mRNA expression of B2R in I/R + LDP group, I/R +MDP group, I/R + HDP group was all up-regulated ([0. 49 ± 0. 02], [0. 52 ±0. 04], [0. 71 ± 0. 03], respectively,all P < 0. 05); Compared with I/R + LDP group and I/R + MDP group, the mRNA expression of B2R in I/R + HDP group was was all up-regulated (all P <0. 05). (3) Compared with Sham group, the microvessel density(MVD)in I/R + saline group was increased ([169 ±6]vs. [74 ± 12],P < 0.01);Compared with I/R + saline group,the MVD in I/R + LDP group,I/R + MDP group, I/R + HDP group was all increased([240 ±9], [252 ±9], [349 ± 17].respectively,all P<0.01);Compared with I/R + LDP group and I/R + MDP group, the MVD in I/R + HDP group was increased (all P < 0. 01). Conclusion: A certain dose of HUK could upregulate the expression of Bl R and B2R in MCAO rats to promote vascular regeneration,and the effect of high dose HUK on neovascularization was more obvious.

Objective To summarize and evaluate the clinical features,therapeutic methods and prognosis of 197 cases with eating crayfish caused rhabdomyolysis in our hospital within July,2016 to August,2016.Methods Using retrospective method,197 rhabdomyolysis cases induced by eating crayfish were admitted into study.Data of epidemiological character,clinical features,therapy protocol and prognosis were collected and analyzed.Results All the patients had the experience of eating crayfish within 12h before the onset.Patients in this cohort had the common symptoms but varying degrees of myalgia,fatigue of the whole body muscles,and urine color change.Laboratory tests revealed:On day 1 of onset,serum myoglobin level had raised up to the peak with average level at (2 135 ± 1 547) μg/L (0-46 μg/L).Creatine kinase with average level at (4 657 ± 2 178) U/L (25-190 U/L);Aspartate transaminase with average level at 264 ± 83 U/L (10-45 U/L);Lactate dehydrogenase with average level at (1 457 ± 673) U/L (313-618 U/L),all these three markers reached peak on day 2,then gradually declined.All the patients recovered and discharged after relaxation,fluid infusion,alkalization of urine and dealing with the complications.Conclusion Timely diagnosis and treatment of the rhabdomyolysis syndrome induced by eating crayfish could indicate favorable prognosis in these patients from July,2016 to August,2016.

From Aug. 1999 to Feb. 2001, 8 patients with complex congenital heart diseases, including 5 cases accompanied by hypoplastic left ventricle and 3 by hypoplastic right ventricle, were subjected to total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). Eight cases underwent the operation under cardiopulmonary bypass and 7 of whom under no cardiac clamp. Seven cases received cavopulmoanry anastomosis by flaring method and one case by end-side anastomosis. All the patients underwent the intracardiac tunnels to drain inferior vena cava and plus 4 mm fenestration except one. The results showed that 6 patients had postoperative oxygen saturation more than 90 %, sinus rhythm, no anastomostic stoma obstruction, no flow reguigitation and CVP<16 cmH2O. Two (25 %) patients died postoperatively from high venous pressure of 18—20 cmH2O, finally from cardiac failure and anoxima. It was concluded that TCPC was an effective treatment for complex congenital cardiac diseases, especially with ventricular maldevelopment. Intracardiac tunnel plus 4 mm fenestration and flaring cavopulmonary anastomosis could prevent the postoperative complications. Larger anastomotic stoma, venous pressure less than 16 cmH2O and artery saturation more than 90 % might indicate excellent TCPC procedures in our experience.

From Aug. 1999 to Feb. 2001, 8 patients with complex congenital heart diseases, including 5 cases accompanied by hypoplastic left ventricle and 3 by hypoplastic right ventricle, were subjected to total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). Eight cases underwent the operation under cardiopulmonary bypass and 7 of whom under no cardiac clamp. Seven cases received cavopulmoanry anastomosis by flaring method and one case by end-side anastomosis. All the patients underwent the intracardiac tunnels to drain inferior vena cava and plus 4 mm fenestration except one. The results showed that 6 patients had postoperative oxygen saturation more than 90 %, sinus rhythm, no anastomostic stoma obstruction, no flow reguigitation and CVP<16 cmH2O. Two (25 %) patients died postoperatively from high venous pressure of 18—20 cmH2O, finally from cardiac failure and anoxima. It was concluded that TCPC was an effective treatment for complex congenital cardiac diseases, especially with ventricular maldevelopment. Intracardiac tunnel plus 4 mm fenestration and flaring cavopulmonary anastomosis could prevent the postoperative complications. Larger anastomotic stoma, venous pressure less than 16 cmH2O and artery saturation more than 90 % might indicate excellent TCPC procedures in our experience.

Summary: Receptor mediated gene delivery is a new gene transfer strategy. Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R), the receptor of asialoorosomucoid (Asor), is specially expressed on the surface of hepatocyte. In this paper, the nuclide 131I was combined with Asor to form a kind of soluble nuclide-protein complex, which can be specifically endocytosed into hepatocyte by ASGP-R. After intravenous injection of the complex into experimental animals, the deposition of Asor in vivo and the targeting quality of hepatocyte was detected by ECT. This research testified the feasibility of targeting Asor complex delivery to hepatocyte mediated by ASGP-R in vivo, and provided foundation for the genetic diagnosis and gene therapy of hepatic cell-related diseases.

Summary: The interaction of high-fat diet and the peptide YY (PYY) gene expression in diet-induced obesity and the mechanisms which predisposed some individuals to become obese on high-fat diet were explored. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into high-fat diet group (n=27) and chow fed control group (n=9). After 15 weeks of either a high-fat diet or chew fed diet, the high-fat diet group was subdivided into dietary induced obesity (DIO) and dietary induced obesity resistant (DIR) group according to the final body weight. Then the DIO rats were subdivided into two groups for a 8-week secondary dietary intervention. One of the group was switched to chew fed diet, whereas the other DIO and DIR rats continued on the initial high-fat diet. Weight gain and food intake were measured, food efficiency was calculated, and the concentrations of plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) and PYY were assayed. Hypothalamic NPY mRNA expression and PYY mRNA expression in ileum and colon was detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that at the end of 15th week, the levels of body weight and caloric intake were significantly higher in DIO group than in DIR or control group (P<0.01), while no significant difference was found between DIR and control group (P>0.05). The concentration of plasma PYY was significantly higher in DIR group than in DIO and CF group, while no significant difference was found between DIO and CF group (P<0.01). After switching the DIO rats to chow fed diet, their body weight gains were significantly lower than that of the DIO-HF group. The expression of PYY mRNA was increased in DIO-HF/CF rats than in DIO-HF rats, and the expression of hypothalamic NPY mRNA was decreased in DIO-HF/CF rats than in DIO-HF group. It was concluded that both dietary composition and PYY gene expression could potently alter the hypothalamic NPY expression and result in different susceptibility to obese and overeating. The decreased PYY was associated with the increased NPY expression and their predisposal to obese and overeating in rats.