According to our previous experimental results, maltol is a powerful antioxidant against autoxidation and oxidative stress of eryth-rocytes. In this report, the toxicity and antioxidative action of maltol in mice was investigated. The results indicated that maltol was not toxic in mice when fed in a dose of 50mg/kg?d-1 (body weight) for 1 month. The antioxidative enzymes ( SOD and Cat ) activities and GSH content of erythrocytes were significantly increased. In addition, the lifespan of houseflies fed with maltol was prolonged.

Purpose To explore the relation between the expression of Bmi-1 and cancer stem cells and its relation to chemotherapy re-sistance in breast cancer. Methods MTT method was applied to detect the inhibition effect on proliferation of different concentrations (0. 01, 0. 1, 1, 10 μg/ml) of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) to MDA-MB-468 cells with 48 and 72 hours culture, a curve of proliferation in-hibition rate was drawn, and a suitable experiment concentration of 5-FU was chosen. MDA-MB-468 cells was serially passaged under continuous interference with the suitable concentration of 5-FU, 6 generations of cells were collected, cells with 5-FU interference were designed as experiment group and a corresponding control group with no 5-FU was set. RT-PCR and Western blot were employed to ex-amine mRNA and protein expression of Bmi-1 and Sca-1, Oct-4 in the 6 generations of cells of both control group and experiment group. Results Results of the MTT test showed that 5-FU could inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468, the 5-FU concentration of 0. 1 μg/ml was chosen as the suitable experiment concentration. RT-PCR tests showed that the differ-ences between the relative mRNA expression values of Bmi-1 and Sca-1, Oct-4 in the 6 generations of MDA-MB-468 cells were not sta-tistically significant in control group (all P>0. 05) and that the differences between the relative mRNA expression values of Bmi-1 and Sca-1, Oct-4 in the 6 generations of MDA-MB-468 cells were of statistical significance in experiment group cells (all P<0. 05). The mRNA expression of Bmi-1, Sca-1 and Oct-4 showed the following tendency in the 6 generations of passaged cells:decrease (1st gen-eration)—increase (2nd generation)—continuous increase (3rd generation)—decrease (4th generation)—increase (5th genera-tion)—decrease (6th generation). Western blot tests indicated that the differences between the relative protein expression values of Bmi-1 and Sca-1, Oct-4 in the 6 generations of MDA-MB-468 cells were not statistically significant in control group and that the differ-ences between the relative protein expression values of Bmi-1 and Sca-1, Oct-4 in the 6 generations of MDA-MB-468 cells were of sta-tistical significance in experiment group cells (all P<0. 05). The expression of Bmi-1 was positively correlated with stem cell associat-ed factors Sca-1, Oct-4 (r=1, all P<0. 01). Conclusions The expression of Bmi-1 gene is positively correlated with expression of stem cell associated factors Sca-1 and Oct-4 in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 cell, and Bmi-1 may be a novel marker for cancer stem cells in breast cancer. Administration of 5-FU can affect the expression level of Bmi-1 and the ration of cancer stem cells in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468. Bmi-1 gene may be associated with drug resistance to chemotherapy and recurrence in breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of responsibility contracting system in clinical teaching.Methods One hundred and eighty eights probationers from August 2009 to July 2010 as controls were trained by functional nursing teaching. Another 192 probationers from August 2009 to July 2010 were assigned as the experiment group,and given clinical teaching by way of the Responsibility Contracting System.The teaching effects in the two groups were compared.Results The probationers in the experiment group had significant improvements in the ability to perform health education,manipulation of nursing skills,ability in observation skills,and nursing documents writing,compared to the control group(P<0?01).Conclusions The teaching mode of responsibility contracting system is effective in strengthening the responsibility of probationer nurses,attaching great importance to the implementation of basic nursing,improving students’ability in implementation of health education and performance of skill manipulation and nursing,and eventually improving the level and quality of nursing teaching?

Objective:To study the relationship among lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2 ) gene A379V and T403V locus polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility of coronary heart disease (CHD) .Methods:Lp‐PLA2 gene A379V and T403V locus polymorphisms of 160 coronary angiography confirmed CHD patients (CHD group ) and 117 healthy subjects (healthy control group ) were measured using gene sequencing technique .ELISA was used to measure blood lipids and plasma Lp‐PLA2 level in two groups ,and they were compared between two groups . Results:Compared with healthy control group ,there were significant rise in age ,male proportion ,plasma levels of hs‐cTnI ,hsCRP ,TC ,LDL‐C , Lp (a) ,WBC ,mononuclear cells (MNCs) and Lp‐PLA2 [ (119.98 ± 49.41) ng/ml vs .(248.59 ± 76.51) ng/ml] ,and significant reduction in HDL‐C level in CHD group ( P<0.01 all) .The CC , CT , TT genotype and C , T allele were de‐tected all in A379V and T403C locus of two groups .Compared with healthy control group ,there were significant rise in frequencies of CC genotype (1.7% vs .9.3% ) and C allele (13.7% vs .20.3% ) of Lp‐PLA2 gene T403C locus in CHD group , P< 0.05 both . All genotypes and alleles of A379V locus possessed no significant difference between CHD and healthy control group . Conclusion:Plasma Lp‐PLA2 level may be related to CHD risk .Lp‐PLA2 gene T403C locus poly‐morphism possesses certain relationship with genetic susceptibility of CHD .

To summarize the biological effects of four natures of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the recent 40 years, including cold, hot, warm and cool, which have the effect on central nervous system, endocrine system on the activity of sympathetic nerves, basal metabolic rate, the function of organs and tissues and secretion of cytokine out of body. And to review the new concepts and new hypotheses in recent 10 years which proposed on the four natures of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the above summary we pointed out that the previous studies on biological effects have shortage in the following aspects: The studies had little connection with the TCM theory; The research highly concentrated on the biological effects of the cold and heat natures of drug; There is almost no research on the biological effects of the neutral nature; The research on the biological effects of the natures of traditional Chinese medicine had no combination with effects of drugs. And pointed out that studies on four natures of traditional Chinese medicine will be a multi-level, multi-disciplinary, multi-factor, multi-targe research, connecting Chinese medicine theory. The research will be a combination of the macro research and the micro research, the qualitative research and the quantitative research and the experimental research and the clinical research.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Mi-362 targeting Six1 inhibiting proliferation and migration of cer-vical cancer cells. Methods The expression levels of microRNA-362 in cervical cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were measured in 142 patients with cervical cancer in our hospital. At the same time,Hela cancer cell group,microRNA-362 mimics group and mi-croRNA-362 inhibitor group were set up to determine the viability of cancer cells,the number of monoclonal formation of cancer cells,the apoptotic rate of cancer cells,cell cycle,the number of perforations,and the levels of microRNA-362 and Six1 in cervical cancer fluid of Hela. Results The expression level of miR-362 in cervical cancer tissue was lower than that in adjacent tissue(P<0. 05). The higher the infiltration of lymphatic vessel space,pathological stage,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis and depth of infil-tration,the lower the expression rate of miR-362(P<0. 05). The OD value and survival rate in the miR-362 mimics group were lower than those in the Hela cancer cells group(P<0. 05),while the OD value and survival rate in the mir-362 inhibitor group were higher than those in the Hela cancer cells group and the miR-362 mimics group(P<0. 05). The number of clones formed in the miR-362 mimics group was lower than that in the Hela cancer cell group(P<0. 05),and the number of clones formed in the miR-362 inhibitor group was higher than that in the Hela cancer cell group and the miR-362 mimimics group(P<0. 05). The apoptotic rate of miR-362 mimics group was higher than that of Hela cancer cell group(P<0. 05),and that of miR-362 inhibitor group was lower than that of Hela cancer cell group and miR-362 mimics group(P<0. 05). The G1 phase in the miR-362 mimics group was higher than that in the Hela cancer cell group(P<0. 05),and the G1 phase in the miR-362 inhibitor group was lower than that in the Hela cancer cell group and the miR-362 mimimics group(P<0. 05). The number of cell membrane penetration in the miR-362 mimics group was lower than that in the Hela cancer group(P < 0. 05),and that in the miR-362 inhibitor group was higher than that in the Hela cancer group and the miR-362 mimimics group(P<0. 05). The expression level of miR-362 in the miR-362 mimics group was higher than that in the Hela cancer cell group(P<0. 05),and the expression level of miR-362 in the miR-362 inhibitor group was lower than that in the Hela cancer cell group and the miR-362 mimics group(P<0. 05). The expression level of Six1 in the miR-362 mimics group was lower than that in the Hela cancer cell group(P<0. 05),and that in the miR-362 inhibitor group was higher than that in the Hela cancer cell group and the miR-362 mimics group(P<0. 05). Conclusion miR-362 plays an important inhibition in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer,and its mechanism is related to the inhibition of prolifer-ation,migration and invasion of cancer cells by microRNA-362 through negative regulation of Six1.

Autoantibodies are related to occurrence of some types of severe hypertriglyceridemia. Resear-ches showed that autoantibodies of lipoprotein lipase, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipo-protein binding protein 1 and apolipoprotein C-Ⅱcould induce hypertriglyceridemia. This review focused on hy-pertriglyceridemia induced by autoantibodies and its treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of rehabilitation on memory deficits after acquired brain injury, to compare different training models of memory rehabilitation and to analyze the possible factors affecting memory rehabilitation. Methods 144 patients with acquired brain injury following memory deficits were randomly assigned to computer-assisted training group, face-to-face training group and control group. Both training groups were given memory-based cognitive training program once a day which sustained 30 minutes for 6 or 12 weeks. The instantaneous memory, short-term memory and long-term memory were evaluated and compared before and after training. The effect of gender, age, education, course, site of injury and coma time on training efficacy were analyszed as well. Results 6 weeks and 12 weeks at training, both computer-assisted and face-to-face training groups showed a significant improvement in memory abilities when compared to controls (P<0.01), with the former making more progress (P<0.01). Negative correlation was found between age and memory performance. Conclusion Effectiveness of memory rehabilitation is proven. 12 weeks training can significantly improve memory. Cognitive training using professional equipment is significantly more effective than the face-to-face training and should be recommended.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose fluconazole alone or combined with flucytosine as initial therapy for cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related patients. Methods: Twenty-five non-HIV-infected patients with CM from June 2015 to September 2018 in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, who were initially treated with high-dose fluconazole with or without flucytosine for at least seven days were retrospectively reviewed.Clinical features and antifungal (600-800 mg/d) regimens were recorded, clinical responses and drug-related adverse events were evaluated. Mann-Whitney test and Fisher′s exact probabilities test were applied to compare variables between groups. Results: Of the 25 patients enrolled in this study, 15 had predisposing factors. Headache (25 cases), fever (21 cases), vomiting (13 cases) and neck stiffness (13 cases) were common manifestations. Abnormalities of cranial computed tomography (CT) scan and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were found in 22 cases.Nineteen patients were treated with high-dose fluconazole plus flucytosine for initial therapy, and six patients were treated with high-dose fluconazole alone. The course of initial regimens with high-dose fluconazole was 42 (29, 120) days. At the end of initial therapy, partial response in 20 patients, stable response in three patients and death in two patients were observed, and the overall effective rate was 80%(20/25). In treatment failure group of initial treatment, the proportion of patients with baseline cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure over 300 mmH₂O (1 mmH₂O=0.009 8 kPa) and with altered mental status were both significantly higher compared with those in treatment success group. Fluconazole related adverse drug events were observed including elevated transaminases (one case), gastrointestinal symptoms combined with hypokalemia (two cases), and systemic rash (three cases). Except for three patients with rash reduced the dosage of fluconazole, no other patients were given dosage adjustment. Conclusion High-dose fluconazole alone or combined with flucytosine is effective and safe for the initial therapy of non-HIV-related CM patients.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effects of forkhead box transcription factor (FOXK2) overexpression on the proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion of human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells and its related molecular mechanism. Methods: The open reading frame (ORF) of FOXK2 was cloned into lentivirus expression vector, which was then enveloped in HEK293T cells and transfected into human ovarian cancerSK-OV-3cells.TheoverexpressionefficiencywasdetectedbyqPCRandWesternblotting.Theproliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion of SK-OV-3 cells were detected by CCK-8, Scratch-healing, Transwell and Cell adhesion assays respectively, and the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were detected by qPCR. Results: The FOXK2 overexpression vector was constructed successfully and packaged into lentivirus, which was then transfected into SK-OV-3 cells. After transfection, the expression of FOXK2 was significantly increased (P<0.01); the proliferation, migration and invasion of SK-OV-3 cells were significantly reduced while the adhesion ability was significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01); and the expression levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin were significantly increased while that of vimentin and fibronection were significantly decreased (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Overexpression of FOXK2 in SK-OV-3 cells leads to a significant decrease in proliferation, migration and invasion but increase in adhesion. The molecular mechanism may be related to the reversion of the EMT process in tumor cells, suggesting that FOXK2 may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.