Five kinds of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb) in the hair of unknown causal hypophrenic children and normal children in the cretinism area (Cailiang Township, Ankang County, Shaanxi Province) were determined. The results indicate that the content of Mn Pb and the ratio of Cu to Zn in hypophrenic children's hair are both higher than those in the normal children's hair. It is suggested by this experiment that the main causation of hypophrenia in this area may be a lower content of zine, higher content of M auganese and higher Cu/Zn ratio.

Objective To examine the psychometric characteristics of the Neonatal Oral-motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) and the influence of evaluation time on assessment results of oral motor skills for preterm infants,and to provide advice for the application of oral-motor assessment in clinic practice.Methods Following Palmer's method,a video recording was made for the preterm infants at different age during the first 2 min of nutritive sucking(NS).We stored the recordings on a digital videodisc and two NOMAS assessors assessed each recording.Results The NOMAS had acceptable internal consistency for less than 35 weeks' PMA (postmenstrual age).Moderate correlation were found between scores on the NOMAS and feeding performance for less than 35 weeks' PMA (normal sucking r=0.58,sucking disorder r=-0.61).The NOMAS demonstrated low responsiveness to changes in oral-motor skill in a week period,ranging from 33 to 36 weeks' PMA (SRM=0.02～0.49).The NOMAS scores for evaluating 30 seconds and 2 minutes were not consistent,the former scores was higher.Conclusions The reliability and validity of NOMAS were acceptable in assessing the oral-motor function of preterm infants for less than 35 weeks' PMA.The evaluation time of NOMAS was suitable for 2 min.

BACKGROUND:Biliary complications after liver transplantation can cause liver graft dysfunction. Ultrasound examination is one of important diagnostic methods of biliary complications after liver transplantation.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation.
METHODS:A total of 92 patients after liver transplantation, including 81 males, 11 females, aged 21-67 years;al ogenic orthotopic liver transplantation in 90 cases, partial living liver transplantation in 2 cases. Biliary reconstruction methods were end-to-end biliary anastomosis. Routine examination after liver transplantation and color Doppler ultrasound results were retrospectively analyzed. The inspection focused on whether common bile duct and intrahepatic bile duct had biliary leakage, biliary stenosis, biliary sludge or biliary calculus. Some patients underwent puncture and drainage under ultrasonographic guidance.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In al the 92 patients, 14 cases were diagnosed ultrasonical y as biliary complications, including 5 cases of biliary leakage, 4 cases of biliary stenosis (2 cases of stomal stenosis and 2 cases of non-stomal stenosis), 4 cases of biliary sludge, and 1 case of biliary calculus. This study demonstrated that ultrasound characteristics could be easily recognized in liver transplantation patients with biliary complications. Ultrasound has very important clinical value in diagnosis of the biliary complications after liver transplantation.

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term glucocorticoid therapy on bone mineral density(BMD) in the patients with glumerulose disease. Methods 41 patients with glumerulose disease were prospectively studied. The BMD of lumbar spine (L 2-4 ) and femur was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at base line, and at every 3 to 6 months interval after receiving glucocorticoid therapy. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism was detected using PCR-RFLP. Results ⑴ Every measured site BMD decreased(29 9～83 8)mg/cm 2 after 15-month administration of glucocorticorids, and BMD decrease in L 2-4 and femoral trochanter was significantly greater (P

OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference in bond strength between titanium alloy with different surface roughness and dentin. METHODS: Thirty titanium alloy cylindrical specimens were fabricated and randomized to 6 groups. All groups of specimens were rubbed separately with 60, 80,100,150, 240, and 320 grit silicon carbide (Si-C) sand paper. The surface roughness of each group was measured. The occlusal surfaces of 30 human molars freshly extracted within 1 month were flattened to expose an adequate area of lower dentin. The dentin bonding surface was produced using 320, 400, and 600 grit Si-C sand paper, respectively. Titanium alloy and dentin specimens were bonded with Ketac~(TM) Cem Easymix ionomers. All bonded specimens were stored for 24 hours at 37 ℃. The microtensile bond strength was measured through the use of universal testing machine. The fractured surface of titanium alloy was observed under scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS: The titanium alloy group rubbed with 80 grit Si-C sand paper yielded the strongest bond strength, 6.65 MPa, compared with other groups (P < 0.05). The surface roughness of titanium alloy in this group was (2.69±0.32) μm. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that all fractured surfaces appeared at the interface of dentin and ionomer cement. CONCLUSION: The surface roughness could influence the bond strength between titanium alloy and dentin. Titanium alloy with (2.69±0.32) μm surface roughness bonding to dentin showed the maximum bond strength.

OBJECTIVE: To survey the immediate bond strength of the two glass ionomer cements with different pressure times.METHODS: Totally 70 teeth were prepared to expose the dentin, and then divided into the Ketac~(TM)Cem Easymix GIC glass ionomer cement group (3M group), and the TOKUSO glass ionomer cement (TOKUSO group). Each group was divided into 7 subgroups according to pressure times. The immediate tensile strengths of all specimens were measured after pressed for 5,10,15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 minutes.RESULTS: The immediate bond strengths of the two glass ionomer cements with different pressure time showed obviously significant differences (P < 0.01), which exhibited the greatest immediate bond strengths at 25 minutes after pressure. The bond strength of 25 minutes subgroup of 3M was higher than that of TOKUSO group, but the difference had no significance.CONCLUSION: Both Ketac~(TM) Cem Easymix and the TOKUSO glass ionomer cement can harvest the maximum bond strength after 25 minutes pressure.

Objective To evaluate clinical results of different doses of dezocine combined with propofol in-travenous anesthesia in abortion.Methods 150 patients with routinely abortion were randomly divided into group A, B,C,at induction the patients were given anesthesia dezocine intravenous doses of 0.025mg/kg,0.05mg/kg, 0.1mg/kg,10min after slowly intravenous injection of propofol,the clinical results were compared in three groups of artificial abortion.Results Each time during surgery,mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR)and blood pres-sure pulse saturation(SpO2 )indicators in group B were more stable than groups A,C the operations security was higher (tA =6.06,tB =0.88,tC =1.73,PA <0.05,PB >0.05,PC >0.05).Dose of propofol,postoperative recovery time of group B [(113.56 ±18.12)mg,(6.72 ±1.69)min]were significantly better than those in group A [(150.01 ±21.45)mg,(10.43 ±3.38)min],and the differences were statistically significant(t =9.17,6.94,all P <0.05 ).The propofol dose,postoperative recovery time in group B were slightly higher those in group C [(110.21 ±19.32)mg,(7.40 ±1.87)min],and the differences were not statistically significant(t =0.89,1.91,all P >0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions of group B (8.00%)was significantly lower than that in A group (30.00%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =2.21,P <0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reac-tions in group B,C had no significant difference(P >0.05).Conclusion Abortion application dose of 0.05mg/kg of dezocine combined with propofol intravenous anesthesia has the best clinical effect,each relatively stable vital signs af-ter surgery,can effectively reduce the dose of propofol,shorten the operation time and postoperative recovery time,and has fewer adverse reactions.

Objective To analyze the clinical and immunological features of 45 pediatric patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Forty-five LN patients were included in this study. Clinical, pathological data and immunological parameters were retrospectively analyzed. Results Forty-five LN patients had 6 males and 39 females, with the mean onset age of (10.9 ± 2.8) years. Acute nephritis was the most common type, accounting for 42.2%. Nephrotic syndrome accounted for 31.1%. Renal biopsy showed class II (17.8%), III (4.4%), IV (48.9%), V (2.2%), V+III (6.7%)and V+IV (13.3%)in 42 cases. The remis-sion rate reached 91.1%in the early therapeutic stage, and 15.0%patients recurred after 24-month follow-up. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of LN children are diverse. The renal pathology is complex. The clinical manifestations in part of the chil-dren are not consistent with renal pathology.

Objective: To study the air removal efficiency of prevacuum sterilizers.Methods: The results of Bowie-Dick(BD) tests were monitored every day using the 3M disposable BD test pack,which was placed horizontally in the bottom section of the sterilizer rack near the exhaust opening.Results: Of the 1370 BD tests conducted with 3 autoclaves,1366 showed negative results and 4 positive.Conclusion: BD tests can be used to precisely assess the efficiency of prevacuum sterilizers.