Objective To introduce three new methods for measuring breast volume. Methods The breast volume was measured and the 3D image yielded with a special software or calculated with two mathematical formulas, according to its base, horizontal and saggital sections. Results The average deviations of these protocols were less than 10 % of the actual sizes in our investigation. Conclusion The computer aided measurement for the volume of the breast is an accurate and reliable method and can be used in the designs for augmentation and reduction of mammaplasty.

Objective To study the clinical value of PgCO_2 measurement on the patients in ICU.Methods PgCO_2 were continuous measured 24 hours by using air-automated tonometry for 50 cases admitted in ICU.The heart rate,blood pressure,MAP,CVP,SpO_2,artery blood gas were measured at the same time.According to acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation(APACH Ⅱ) and MODS mark,the patients were divided into 2 groups,high-risk group and light-risk group.20 cases suffered from malignant tumour without functional failure of the organs were looked on as compared group.The results of measurement of every group were compared.Results Comparing with the three groups,the results of PgCO_2,Pg-aCO_2,Pg-etCO_2 were significantly different,but the Pg-aCO_2 and Pg-etCO_2 were the same.Conclusion PgCO_2 is an effective index for observing the conditional change of the high-risk cases.PgCO_2≥45mmHg,Pg-aCO_2≥15mmHg may be considered as a predictive signal that the patient well appears functional failure or death.Pg-etCO_2 may substitute Pg-aCO_2 as a continuous measurement index.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the change of blood flow in exceedingly expanded skin and the viability of the flaps. Methods In 21 expansions of 10 patients, the skin blood flow and its amplitude were measured by laser Doppler in different stages. The results were compared with the final outcomes of patients. Results The volume of blood flow and its amplitude of normal skin were very low and stable, but after expanded, the volume of blood flow and the amplitude grew up, which were significantly higher than that of normal skin (P

Objective To investigate the effect of application of 3D printing technology in the rhinoplastic prothesis with the help of the laser scanning 3D technology.Methods Before the rhinoplastic prothesis,we got the whole facial morphology of patients by laser scanning technology,and printed out the facial model which was 1:1 with the real and then discussed with patients to confirm the ideal nose three-dimensional effect.In the process of operation,doctors were guided by the data for the procedure.Results Among 33 patients who were followed up postoperatively,only one patient's nosal tip dropped,then were repaired with her ear cartilage,both of us found satisfactory effect after repair,and without postoperative complications.The rest 32 patients were satisfied with their nose.Conclusions The laser scanning 3D technology is worth trying and using in plastic surgery.

Objective To investigate the value of remnant stomach-jejunal dual pathways reconstruction after laparoscope-assisted radical proximal gastrectomy in the treatment of upper gastric cancer. Methods Twenty-five patients with upper gastric cancer underwent laparoscope-assisted radical proximal gastrectomy and the remnant distal stomach was preserved for side-to-side remnant stomach-jejunal anastomosis and end-to-side jejuno-jejunal anastomosis to reconstruct dual pathways. Results The mean operation time was (240±35) minutes, the mean number of lymph nodes dissected were 22±5, and all the incised margins were negative. No anastomotic leakage, obstruction or stenosis occurred. All patients received postoperative barium meal examination. A large amount of barium directly entered the jejunum, leaving a small amount of barium entered the jejunnum via the route of remnant stomach-duodenum, and was detained in the remnant stomach for 30-60 minutes. No esophageal reflux of barium was observed. All the patients were followed up for 4-18 months, no reflux esophagitis was detected and the short-term life quality was satisfactory. Conclusions Remnant stomach-jejunal dual pathways reconstruction prevents the reflux esophagitis and dumping syndrome, preserves the pathway of duodenum and promotes the life quality of patients.

Objective To investigate the infection of Mycoplasma in female urogenital system and the evolution of drug resistance. Methods Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) infections were examined by pathogen culture and fluorescence quantitative PCR in urogenital samples from 530 female patients in 2007, and drug sensitivity tests were performed in vitro. The results were compared with those in 2000. Results In 2000, there were 99 patients with Mycoplasma infections, in which 65 were of UU infections, 15 were of MH infections and 19 were of UU + MH infections. In 2007, there were 344 patients with Mycoplasma infections, in which 236 were of UU infections, 47 were of MH infections and 61 were of UU + MH infections. Patients aged 21～30 had the highest Mycoplasma infection rates both in 2000 (46.2%) and 2007 ( 50.5% ) ; while Mycoplasma infection rate in patients aged under 20 rose from 5.1% in 2000 to 12.8% in 2007 (χ2 = 4.682, P < 0.05). Both in 2000 and 2007, pathogens presented the highest drug resistance rates to tetracycline (TET) and erythromycin ( ERY ) which were all bore 80%. Compared with 2000, drug resistance rates to levofloxacin (LEV), azitromvcin (AZI) and ofloxacin (OFL) rose in 2007, and the differences were of statistical significance (P <0.05), while drug resistance rates to dmoxycycline (DOX), minocyclin (MIN) and josamycin (JOS) were still in the low level. Conclusions UU is the primary pathogen of infection in female urogenital system, and there is a tendency of Mycoplasma infection in younger age women. DOX, MIN and JOS can be the preferred medicines for Mycoplasma infections.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the long-term changes of expanded skin after transplantation.

METHODSThe expanded skin in dogs at 0 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after transplantation was observed through areas, histomorphological, electron microscopic, collagen content, biomechanical, and immunohistochemical methods.

RESULTSThe expanded skin was close to the control groups in all observations.

CONCLUSIONThe biological changes after expansion remain in 3 months. The expanded skin will gradually recover to normal in 3-6 months. It is similar to a wound repair process.

Animals ; Collagen ; analysis ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; Skin ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Skin Transplantation ; Tissue Expansion

Objective:To explore the comparative study of video laryngoscopy combined with bronchial blocker and video laryngoscopy combined with double-lumen tube in the teaching of endotracheal intubation in thoracic surgery in the standardized residency training of anesthesia.Methods:The trainees of the standardized residency training were randomly divided into control group and experimental group for clinical teaching, with 25 ones in each group. The experimental group was treated with visual laryngoscopy combined with bronchial blocker, while the control group was treated with visual laryngoscopy combined with double-lumen tube group. The intubation time, intubation success rate, positioning time, hemodynamic changes, and complication incidence during intubation, as well as student assessment results were recorded. GraphPad Prism 6.0 was used for t test and Chi-square test. Results:The time of endotracheal intubation [(95.3±10.1) vs. (137.5±13.5)] and positioning time [(100.8±11.7) vs. (155.4±15.3)] in the experimental group were both shorter than those of the control group ( P< 0.001), the hemodynamic changes in patients with immediate intubation were smaller ( P<0.001), the success rate of intubation was higher (92% vs. 68%) ( P<0.001), the complication incidence was lower ( P<0.001) and the students' performance was higher ( P<0.001). Conclusion:In the anesthesia teaching of thoracic surgery, bronchial blocker can reduce the time of endotracheal intubation, lower the hemodynamic changes during intubation, cut down the incidence of complications, improve the success rate of endotracheal intubation and enhance the confidence of students.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between indicators of carotid atherosclerosis and onset of ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).Methods:This is a case-control study, a total of 397 NVAF patients with newly diagnosed ischemic stroke (case group) and 3 038 NVAF patients without ischemic stroke (control group) from January 2015 to December 2017 were included in the study. Differences in general clinical features and carotid atherosclerosis indexes between the two groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the correlation between carotid atherosclerosis indexes and ischemic stroke.Results:Proportions of patients with carotid intima thickening, carotid plaque, stable plaque, unstable plaque, and moderate to severe stenosis were higher in the ischemic stroke group than those in the control group (82.1% vs. 64.4%, 69.3% vs. 50.3%, 43.6% vs. 30.6%, 25.7% vs. 19.7%, and 7.3% vs. 4.0%, respectively, all P <0.05). After adjustment of age, gender, heart failure, hypertension, low density lipoprotein -cholesterol and drug use, multivariate analyses showed that subjects with carotid intima thickening, carotid plaque, stable plaque, unstable plaque, moderate to severe stenosis had 1.766, 2.111, 1.892, 2.256 and 1.824 times the risk for the development of ischemic stroke compared with the subjects without any carotid atherosclerosis indicators. Conclusion:Carotid atherosclerosis, especially with unstable carotid plaque, is associated with ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF.

Objective: To determine whether intrauterine infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs in early pregnancy and to characterize associated virulence factors. Methods: Villi tissues and blood samples of 45 HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant women were collected during the first trimester and HBV DNA loads were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of GCM1, HBsAg and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in villi tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results: Data from qRT-PCR showed that HBV DNA was detected in 14 of 45 villi tissues (positive rate of 31.11%), and 24 of 45 blood samples (positive rate of 53.33%), further statistical analysis showed that the positive rates of HBV DNA between blood samples and villi tissues were not significantly different (χ²=4.555, P=0.054). Among them, 12 samples were consistently positive between the villi and blood specimens, and HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBV DNA from peripheral blood in these pregnant women were significantly higher than those of the other women (P value was 0.007, 0.004, 0.000, and 0.000 respectively). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that blood HBV DNA greater than 106 IU/ml was independently associated with HBV DNA positive in villi, and the HBsAg, HBeAg, villi tissues HBV DNA positive rates of these pregnant women were significantly higher than those of the other pregnant women (all P value were 0.000). Immunohistochemistry results showed that all 45 cases were positive for GCM1 expression in the cell nucleus. Nine cases also had HBsAg expression in the cytoplasm. Only one case was found to express HBV core antigen (HBcAg) in the nucleus. Conclusions HBV DNA and HBsAg can be detected from villi tissues harvested during the first trimester in HBsAg-positive pregnant women, and the results suggest an early occurrence of intrauterine infection of fetuses with high HBV levels.