Objective To construct eukaryotic expression plasmid of human B7-H1 extracellular region-hIgG1Fc-pCI-neo eukaryotic expression vector,and express the functional fusion protein in mammalian CHO cell.Methods Full-length human B7-H1 encoding sequence was amplified from human activated T cell cDNA library by PCR,fused with hIgG1Fc,then transformed into pCI-neo expression vector and verified by sequencing.The validated recombinant was transfected into mammalian CHO cell by lipofectamine reagent.The supernatant of the cultured cell was collected and analyzed by the sandwhich ELISA to detect if there was the fusion protein,and the fusion protein was purified by HiTrap recombination protein Protein A affinity chromatography.The concentrated supernatant or purified fusion protein were used for Western blotting after SDS-PAGE to identify the molecular weight and immune activity of the fusion protein of B7-H1.Results The extracellular region of hB7-H1 about 727 bp was cloned from human T cell cDNA library and was inserted with hIgG1Fc into the eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo.After the transfection of recombinant into mammalian CHO cell by lipofectamine reagent,the expression of B7-H1 fusion protein was detected in the cultured CHO cell supernatant by the sandwhich ELISA.The immune activity of the fusion protein was verified by Western blotting,and its molecular weight was about 51.76?10~(3),very close to the expected value.Conclusion The hB7-H1-Fc chimeric molecule was successfully constructed and the expression of its functional fusion protein in mammalian CHO cells lays a foundation for further research on the role of B7-H1 in immune tolerance,autoimmune diseases.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of bile ducts, and although it has a low incidence rate, most patients are in the end stage at the time of diagnosis since there are no prominent clinical manifestations at disease onset. Since there are problems such as insufficient treatment options, poor prognosis, and low survival rates, it is urgent to find new treatment methods to make breakthroughs in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. With the in-depth studies on cholangiocarcinoma gene mapping and the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, a number of potential targets have been discovered, such as FGFR and IDH1/2, making targeted therapy for cholangiocarcinoma a feasible treatment option. Targeted therapy is a treatment modality that blocks the growth of tumor cells by interfering with the specific molecules involved in tumor cell growth, with the advantages of high specificity, low toxicity, and considerable therapeutic effect. In recent years, targeted therapy has become a research hotspot in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. This article elaborates on the current status and challenges in targeted therapy for cholangiocarcinoma.

Adoptive cell immunotherapy has been a hot spot in tumor research in recent years. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) have achieved great success in hematological tumors and have changed the current tumor treatment landscape to a certain extent. However, the application of CAR-T therapy in clinics is limited due to its serious side effects and high treatment costs. Natural killer (NK) cells are important immune cells in the body and have native cytotoxicity and well safety. NK cells based on CAR engineering (CAR-NK) have shown powerful anti-tumor activity and safety in preclinical research and could be the next generation of CAR platform-based cellular immunotherapy. This review will systematically introduce the current research status of CAR-NK cells in lymphoma.

Objective:To explore the comparative study of video laryngoscopy combined with bronchial blocker and video laryngoscopy combined with double-lumen tube in the teaching of endotracheal intubation in thoracic surgery in the standardized residency training of anesthesia.Methods:The trainees of the standardized residency training were randomly divided into control group and experimental group for clinical teaching, with 25 ones in each group. The experimental group was treated with visual laryngoscopy combined with bronchial blocker, while the control group was treated with visual laryngoscopy combined with double-lumen tube group. The intubation time, intubation success rate, positioning time, hemodynamic changes, and complication incidence during intubation, as well as student assessment results were recorded. GraphPad Prism 6.0 was used for t test and Chi-square test. Results:The time of endotracheal intubation [(95.3±10.1) vs. (137.5±13.5)] and positioning time [(100.8±11.7) vs. (155.4±15.3)] in the experimental group were both shorter than those of the control group ( P< 0.001), the hemodynamic changes in patients with immediate intubation were smaller ( P<0.001), the success rate of intubation was higher (92% vs. 68%) ( P<0.001), the complication incidence was lower ( P<0.001) and the students' performance was higher ( P<0.001). Conclusion:In the anesthesia teaching of thoracic surgery, bronchial blocker can reduce the time of endotracheal intubation, lower the hemodynamic changes during intubation, cut down the incidence of complications, improve the success rate of endotracheal intubation and enhance the confidence of students.

Results of the IMbrave150 clinical study showed that atezolizumab plus bevaci-zumab have better overall survival and progression-free survival than sorafenib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. However, hepatocellular carcinoma patients with esophageal varices were not included in the IMbrave150 clinical study mainly considering the bleeding risk of patients undergoing treatment of bevacizumab. The authors introduce the atezolizumab plus bevaci-zumab treatment of an advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patient with moderate esophageal varices. By reducing the dose of bevacizumab, the patient achieved an excellent curative effect.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the digestive system， and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing year by year. Most patients with pancreatic cancer are unable to receive surgery due to the advanced stage. Although chemotherapy regimens based on gemcitabine and fluorouracil have prolonged the survival time of patients to some extent， some patients cannot tolerate chemotherapy and hence lose the opportunity for treatment. With the advent of the era of precision medicine， molecular-targeted therapy has exhibited an excellent therapeutic efficacy and has thus become one of the most important treatment techniques for tumors； however， due to the high heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer and its complicated tumor microenvironment， molecular-targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer has not achieved notable results. Therefore， it is imperative to seek new therapeutic targets and medications to overcome this issue. This article reviews the latest advances in the research on molecular-targeted therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer based on common molecular targets and tumor immunity-related therapeutic targets， in order to provide new treatment strategies for patients with pancreatic cancer.