Objective: To analyze the social insurance guarantee of pneumoconiosis patients in Kaizhou from 2006 to 2018, and to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in the future. Methods: The social security situation of pneumoconiosis patients in Kai Zhou District in 2006-2018 years was analyzed. Results: There were 3357 cases of pneumoconiosis in Kaizhou District, with a social security rate of 99%; 79.4% of the coal mine pneumoconiosis patients, 87.5% of whom enjoy industrial injury insurance; the majority of the Xiangyu Railway pneumoconiosis patients were over 60 years old, accounting for 3.4%, all enjoy special treatment of Xiangyu Railway; the former township enterprises restructure pneumoconiosis patients, mainly under 60 years old, accounting for 3.4%. Among them, 79% enjoy work-related injury insurance, and 15.2% were rural poverty victims. Conclusion Kaizhou district provides better social security for pneumoconiosis patients in this area, which can provide basis for formulating social security policies for pneumoconiosis patients in other areas.

BACKGROUND: Stellate ganglion block has the ability to improve the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system in perimenopausal syndrome. Lumbosacral plexus is an automatic nervous block, and exerts similar effects with stellate ganglion block. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of lumbosacral plexus block on the serum level of hormones and histology of the ovary in rabbits, thus providing a new treatment strategy for perimenopausal syndrome. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled animal experiment, which was finished at the Animal Center of Guiyang Medical Unversity, China. The healthy rabbits were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, and underwent lumbosacral plexus block by injecting 0.5 mg of vitamin B12, 100 mg of lidocaine and 10 mL of normal saline into the psoas compartment, and the same volume of normal saline, respectively. The effect of lumbosacral plexus block on the serum levels of hormones (estradiol, gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) at rabbit proestrus, estrus and metaestrus were observed, respectively. The pathological changes of the ovary in a complete estrus cycle were observed. The relationship between the treatment time of lumbosacral plexus block and the levels of hormones was investigated after 1, 3 and 6 complete estrus cycles. The experimental followed the national guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and Consensus author guidelines on animal ethics and welfare by the International Association for Veterinary Editors (IAVE), and prepared in accordance with the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments Guidelines (ARRIVE Guidelines). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Lumbosacral plexus block can increase the serum level of estrogen, reduce the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis function. Presumably, it may be used as a treatment method or adjuvant therapy of perimenopausal syndrome. Future experiments are needed to explore the effect of lumbosacral plexus block on the serum levels of hormones in a rabbit after oophorectomy to determine whether it exhibits the same effect on ovarian failure.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of bile ducts, and although it has a low incidence rate, most patients are in the end stage at the time of diagnosis since there are no prominent clinical manifestations at disease onset. Since there are problems such as insufficient treatment options, poor prognosis, and low survival rates, it is urgent to find new treatment methods to make breakthroughs in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. With the in-depth studies on cholangiocarcinoma gene mapping and the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, a number of potential targets have been discovered, such as FGFR and IDH1/2, making targeted therapy for cholangiocarcinoma a feasible treatment option. Targeted therapy is a treatment modality that blocks the growth of tumor cells by interfering with the specific molecules involved in tumor cell growth, with the advantages of high specificity, low toxicity, and considerable therapeutic effect. In recent years, targeted therapy has become a research hotspot in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. This article elaborates on the current status and challenges in targeted therapy for cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the current status of social security among pneumoconiosis patients from two areas of Chongqing, China with different economic levels from 2006 to 2018, and to provide a reference for the development of security policy for pneumoconiosis patients. Methods: The current status of social security was analyzed for pneumoconiosis patients from A and B counties of Chongqing who were diagnosed from 2006 to 2018, and a comparative analysis was performed. Results: From 2006 to 2017, there was a significant increase in the number of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients in A county, while the number of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients remained relatively stable in B county. As of May 2018, there were 5738 pneumoconiosis patients in A county and 4155 pneumoconiosis patients in B county. Among the 5738 pneumoconiosis patients in A county, 5335 (93%) had employers, and among these patients, 2729 (47.6%) received one-time compensation from occupational injury insurance, and currently 1884 (32.8%) were covered by the insurance. Among the 4155 pneumoconiosis patients in B county, 2482 (59.7%) received one-time compensation from occupational injury insurance, and currently 3062 (73.7%) were covered by the insurance. The social security rate of pneumoconiosis patients was 71.0% in A county and 81.4% in B county, and there was a significant difference in the distribution of social security among pneumoconiosis patients between the two counties (χ²=4704.9, P<0.01) . Conclusion Strict implementation of social security policies for pneumoconiosis patients by local governments is the key to solving social assistance for pneumoconiosis patients and improving their quality of life and social security level.

Radiotherapy still fails to achieve satisfactory efficacy in the treatment of malignant tumors, and applying radiotherapy sensitizers is an effective method to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. Gold nanomaterials can effectively increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy due to their high atomic numbers. Gold nanoclusters have more excellent radiobiological and radiophysical properties due to their smaller size. This paper reviews the special radiobiological and radiophysical properties of gold nanoclusters and describes in detail their sensitizing effects in external radiation radiotherapy, radionuclide therapy, and X-ray induced photodynamic therapy.