OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of clinical pharmacist intervention on prophylactic application of antibiotics in cardiothoracic surgery. METHODS:Medical records of patients underwent cardiothoracic surgery were collected from our hospi-tal during Mar. to Apr. in 2014 (before intervention) and during Jun. to Jul. in 2014 (after intervention). Those were divided into pre-intervention group(n=115)and post-intervention group(n=119). The prophylactic application effect of antibiotics was com-pared before and after intervention. RESULTS:After intervention,the rates of prophylactic application were decreased significantly from 96.5% to 72.3%;the rationality rate of antibiotics selection was improved significantly from 27.9% to 94.2%;The course of prophylactic medication decreased significantly from(5.4±2.8)days to(2.3±1.8)days;the difference had statistical significance before and after intervention(P<0.01). The postoperative infection rate was decreased from 13.0% to 5.9%,the difference had no statistical significance(P=0.074). The average hospitalization time,average drug costs,and average hospitalization expenses were decreased significantly,the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacist inter-vention to prophylactic application of antibiotics in cardiothoracic surgery can control the infection effective and guarantee reason-able and safe use of drugs during perioperative period.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of continuing intervention on prophylactic application of antibiotics in sterile operation in urology department by clinical pharmacist to provide reference for the clinical prophylactic application of antibiotics. Methods:All cases of discharged patients underwent sterile operation in urology department of our hospital from July 2010 to June 2014 were divided into three groups according to the intervention time and methods: non-intervention group(n=141), stage Ⅰ intervention group(n=139), stage Ⅱ intervention group (n=162) and stage Ⅲ intervention group (n=137). The prophylactic application of antibiotics was statistically analyzed. Results:After the continuing intervention, the prophylactic application rate of antibiotics in the three inter-vention groups was decreased significantly from 100% before the intervention respectively to 34. 5%,18. 5% and 14. 6% after the in-tervention (P<0. 01). The rationality rate of prophylactic application was improved significantly from 36. 9% before the intervention respectively to 58. 3%, 63. 3% and 85. 0% after the intervention (P<0. 01). The course of prophylactic application was decreased significantly from (138.2 ±31.6)h respectively to (89.9 ±48.0)h,(72.8 ±32.5)h and(45.1 ±29.5)h (P<0.01) and the post-operative infection rate was decreased from 2. 8% respectively to 2. 1%,1. 8% and 1. 4%. Conclusion:The pharmaceutical interven-tion is feasible and valid to improve the rational prophylactic use of antibiotics in urological surgery.

，and 17.47%.Conclusions Xylitol can lower the blood glucose a littte but without significant difference.It has little effect on blood glucose variability of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be safely used for rehydration.

Organic chemistry experiment is early and important practical course for pharmacy speciality after entering college,which is very important for training their practical abilities and spirit of innovation.The method of integrating four autonomies (self-designing,teaching,operating and summarizing) has been tried in organic chemistry experiment teaching,which completely takes the student as the center and puts emphasis on inquiry learning and ability training.The preliminary practice shows that it is of benefit to arousing students' enthusiasm for study,training their ability and developing their innovative consciousness and spirit.

Objective:To investigate the effects of HLA-B?1502 genetic polymorphism on cyclosporine( CsA)-induced liver injury in Chinese renal transplant recipients. Methods:HLA-B?1502 genotypes were determined by polymerase amplification chaln reaction of sequence-specific primers( PCR-SSP) in a total of 339 renal transplant recipients receiving CsA. All the subjects were divided into the CsA-induced liver injury group, non-CsA-induced liver injury group and the control group according to the liver injury occurrence. Results:In the 339 renal transplant recipients, the frequency of HLA-B?1502 mutation allele was 22. 64%. The distribution frequen-cy of HLA-B?1502 mutation allele had no significant difference among the three groups. There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics of HLA-B?1502 genotypes among three groups(P>0. 05). Conclusion: No association is observed between HLA-B?1502 genetic polymorphism and cyclosporine-induced liver injury in Chinese renal transplant recipients.