Objective To explore the relation of donor liver's heme oxygenase-1 level to ische-mia/reperfusion injury and the liver function after liver transplantation. Methods Twenty-eight pa-tients receiving orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) were divided into two groups according to the donor liver's heme oxygenase level of high HO-1 expression group and low HO-1 expression group.The recipients' serum levels of ALT, AST, bile salt output and the expression of HO-1 mRNA were determined and compared between the 2 groups. Results HO-1 mRNA of low expression group in-creased significantly after the reperfusion. Meanwhile, the HO-1 mRNA of high expression group de-creased. The serum levels of ALT and AST of HO-1 in low expression group were much lower but bile salt concentration higher than those in high expression group. Conclusion HO-1 can be further induced in the liver of HO-1 low expression group during the reperfusion period. The I/R injury in the HO-1 low expression group was less severe than that in high expression group, but the liver function was better. The increase of HO-1 during the transplantation seems better for protecting the liver than the initial HO-1 high expression. Kupffer cells are of the main localization for HO-1 protein in human liver.

Objective To explore the related risk factors and control measures for senium patients with type 2 diabetes and to provide basis for making control and prevention measures.Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted.548 cases of type 2 diabetes patients in our hospital were selected as case group and other 640 cases of normal people who accepted physical examination in our hospital were selected as control group.Results Exposure rates of smoking,drinking,obesity,hypertension,hypedipidemia and family history in case group were obviously higher than those of control group(P ＜0.05).Conclusion Smoking,drinking,obesity,hypertension,hyperlipidemia and family history were risk factors of type 2 diabetes.Comprehensive intervention measures related to the risk factors,such as maintaining a good way life,were importantto prevent and control type 2 diabetes.

Objective This study aims to examine the development of the posterior lateral line of the zebrafish and establish ant model to study the process of hair cell differentiation and regeneration .Methods We observed the posterior lateral line system formation by DAPI immunohistochemistry and whole mount in situ hybridization .We further evaluated hair cells differentiation within neuromast by using Transgenic Tg (Brn3c:mGFP) zebrafish and stained the functional hair cells by the mechanotransduction marker FM 1 -43FX .We labelled proliferating cells in primordium and neuromast by addition of BrdU to the system water .Results The posterior lateral line primordium originated from a sensory placode and started its journey at around 20 hours post fertilization to migrate along the horizontal myoseptum to the tail -tip with a constant speed (1 .7somite/hour) .The primordium depositd five or six neuromasts spaced along the body ,and two or three terminal neuromasts at the tail -tip at 48 hours post fertiliza-tion .At 3 ,5 and 7 days post fertilization ,zebrafish contained 5 .68 ± 1 .46 ,10 .1 ± 0 .99 ,and 12 .45 ± 1 .32 hair cells per neuromast ,respectively .Furthermore ,the average number of FM1-43FX stained hair cells within each neuro-mast were 3 .68 ± 1 .11 ,8 .18 ± 1 .86 ,and 10 .22 ± 1 .24 ,respectively .Conclusion We establish the development model of hair cells in zebrafish lateral line neuromast and suggest that 3 to 7 days post fertilization is an important period for lateral line neuromast differentiation .This study would be useful for underlying the mechanisms of hair cell differentiation and regeneration .

Objective To study the level and structure of intelligence in children with benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes(BECT)and investigate factors affecting their intelligence.Methods Congitive skills such as intelligence quotient(IQ),phonological test and morphological test,were evaluated in 47 children with BECT,and the results were compared to a control group of 30 children matched for gender,age,level of education and family background.The effects of age of onset,disease course,seizure frequency,seizure type,location of spike,and spike and wave index(SWI)on the level and structure of intelligence were also analyzed.Results The total IQ score was slightly lower in children with BECT(104.20±12.34)when compared to the control group of normal children(109.45±15.01),but the difference was not significant.There was no difference in performance IQ scores between BECT and normal children.BECT children had a lower verbal IQ score(90.67±18.40)when compared to the control group(98.17±13.18,t=3.431.P<0.05).Analyses of verbal subtests revealed significant differences between BECT and normal children in vocabulary and similarities(5.97±2.95 vs 8.51±3.67 and 4.85±3.02 vs 6.95±3.07,respectively,t value were 2.365 and 2.096,both P<0.05).The differences between BECT and normal children were also significant in phonological test and morphological test (12.56±2.3 vs 16.78±3.72 and 22.35±3.25 vs 24.15±5.28,respectively,t=2.478 and 2.770,both P<0.05).SWI was negatively correlated with verbal IQ,vocabulary,similarities,phonological test and morphological test(r=-0.305--0.838,P<0.05).Age of onset,disease course and seizure frequency were not correlated with verbal IQ,phonological test and morphological test.The level of intelligence was not different among children with left hemispheric foci,fight hemispheric foci or bilateral foci.The level of intelligence Was similar between children with partial seizures or secondarily generalized seizures.Conclusions Children with BECT have normal level of intelligence,but the structure of intelligence is abnormal with retardation of their language ability.SWI affects the language ability in children with BECT,but age of onset,seizure type and location of spike do not influence their language ability.

Objective To observe the antidepressant effect of the volatile oil of Myristica in mice and investigate its mechanism.Methods Healthy male Kunming mice were divided into control group,fluoxetine hydrochloride group,high,medium and low dose group,and all of the mice were gavaged for 7 days.The role of antidepressant on the mice were observed with tail suspension tests and forced swimming tests.Then serotonin(5-HT),dopamine(DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in the brain of the mice were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with the control group((82.60 ± 24.70)s),the medium dose group could shorten the immobility time of the tail suspension tests ((54.40± 15.87) s),and showed statistical significance (P＜ 0.05).The content of 5-HT,DA,NE in the brain of the medium group were (19.35±2.79) ng/ml,(12.16±0.71)pg/ml,(0.27±0.12) ng/ml,and control group were (14.95±4.83) ng/ml,(11.32±0.95) pg/ml,(0.20±0.11) ng/ml.Compared with the control group,the content of 5-HT of the medium dose group was increased and showed statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion The volatile oil of Myristica fragrans Houtt has antidepressant effect,and may be related to raising the content of 5-HT,DA,NE in the brain of the mice,especially 5-HT.

Objective To study the characteristic of inhibition on platelet P2Y12 and short-term change after clopidogrel intake in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods Thirty-two patients with cardiovascular disease were enrolled. Samples at baseline, 10 h and 36 h after 300 mg loading dose and 75 mg/d maintenance dose of clopidogrel with 100 mg/d Aspirin intake were measured respectively. Platelet aggregation (PAgT) was measured on thromboelastograph(TEG) induced by ADP/AA. INH was detected and calculated activated by Kaolin, AA, ADP and Activator((R)) in the TEG reagent. CD62p and VASP phosphorylation (PRI), platelet activation markers were tested with FACSCalibur Flow Cytometry, and platelet secretion activity and suppression of P2Y12 receptor were detected respectively. The changes of indicators were compared before and after clopidogrel intake, and evaluate their function in platelet receptor activation. Results INHADP at baseline was (11.5 ±9.3)%, and increased to (42.5 ±29.1)% statistically (t =3.155, P<0.05) after taking the P2Y12 at 10 h, but decreased to (20.4±13.1)% at 36 h, non-statistical to baseline (t = 2.078, P > 0. 05) , INHAA increases from baseline level (56. 6 ± 36. 6) % to (83.0 ±27. 3)% at 10h(t=2.086,P>0.05) and (85. 4 ±20. 8)% at 36 h (t= 1. 888, P>0.05), no statistical defferences were found. Inhibition on platelet activativation induced by ADP function well till 36 h after 300 mg loading dose. PAgTADP decrease from (53. 7 ± 14. 1)% at baseline to (49. 2 ±22. 8)% at 10 h non-statistically (t=0.656, P>0.05), and (40.7±12.8)% at 36 h statistically (t=2.418, P<0.05), however PAgTAA decrease at both 10 h and 36 h statiscally, from (34. 3 ± 18. 1) % to (17.4 ± 13. 1) % , (t=3.134, P<0.05) and (14.6±5.1)%, (t=2.532, P<0.05), respectively. Data of PAgT was not corresponding to that from TEG for the difference in sample type partly. PRI in VASP assay was (78. 6 ± 22.3)% before loading dose, and decreased to (70.7 ±9.4)% at 10 h without significance (t = l. 194, P>0.05) and (59.6 ±28.0)% at 36 h (t=1.930,P<0.05) statistically, similarly to INHADP,indicating that within 36 h clopidogrel did not have strong inhibitory effect on the ADP receptor. On the contrary, CD62p changed from (7. 5 ± 1. 4) % at baseline to (4. 2 ± 1. 1) % statistically (10 h, t = 18. 027, P < 0. 05) and ( 4. 3 ± 0. 2 ) % non-statistically (36 h, t = 2. 908, P > 0. 05 ). Inhibition of secretion activity reflected by CD62p was significant. In contrast, it was more obvious inhibition in COX-1 passway, while the inhibition of P2Y12 receptor varied due to assay difference. Conclusions AA-induced platelet activation is significantly decreased in the inhibition of clopidogrel and aspirin, while ADP receptor is significantly inhibited until 36 h after the loading dose of clopidogrel. Platelet function in whole blood reflects total activity of platelet interaction with other components, in which no significant inhibition could be witnessed within 10 h.

Objective To compare landiolol and esmolol for treatment of intraoperative arrhythmia in dogs.Methods Experiment Ⅰ Eighty-eight KM mice (44 males, 44 females) , aged 4-6 weeks, were studied.The median lethal dose (LD50) and median effective dose (ED50) of landiolol and esmolol were determined using the sequential method.Treatment index (TI) was calculated.Experiment Ⅱ Eighteen dogs (9 males, 9 females), aged 8-12 months, weighing 7-10 kg, were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups: model group (group M) , landiolol group (group L) and esmolol group (group E).Intraoperative arrhythmia model was established by using gastrointestinal surgery combined with epinephrine.When sustained ventricular arrhythmias occurred, normal saline 0.5 ml/kg, landiolol 8.3 mg/kg and esmolol 10.0 mg/kg were given intravenously in C, L and E groups, respectively.The duration of arrhythmias was recorded.If bradycardia occurred (decrease in heart rate [HR] ≥ 25％ of the baseline value) , isoprenaline 0.05 mg/kg and atropine 0.03 mg/kg were injected intravenously.The occurrence of bradycardia after the initial administration of landiolol and esmolol, and the accumulated dose of landiolol and esmolol consumed when bradycardia occurred were recorded.Isoprenaline and atropine-induced improvement in bradycardia was recorded.Results Compared with esmolol, the LD50 and TI of landiolol were significantly increased (P＜0.01), and no significant change was found in ED50 of landiolol (P＞0.05).The duration of arrhythmias was significantly shorter in L and E groups than in group C, and in group L than in group E (P＜0.01).After the initial administration of landiolol and esmolol, the incidence of bradycardia was 0 and 100％, respectively, and the accumulated dose of landiolol and esmolol consumed when bradycardia occurred was (30± 13) mg/kg.Atropine could not effectively treat bradycardia, while isoprenaline could treat bradycardia.Compared with group L, the time for HR to rise and the duration for HR returning to the baseline value were significantly prolonged in group E (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with esmolol, landiolol provides faster improvement in intraoperative arrhythmia, weaker negative chronotropic effect, and higher safety;isoproterenol produces better efficacy in treating landiololinduced bradycardia in dogs.

Objective: Based on nationwide cardiovascular surgery registry database, to analyze the current status and future development of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery (MICS) in China.
Methods: There were 45 institutions from 19 provinces nationwide involved in Chinese cardiovascular surgery technique registry study. A total of 16480 adult patients with cardiovascular surgery from 2010-09 to 2012-03 were divided into 2 groups, Conventional surgery group, n=14503 and MICS group, n=1977. The basic clinical conditions were analyzed and compared between 2 groups in order to explore the current status and future development of MICS in China.
Results: Compared with Conventional surgery group, the patients in MICS group had the younger age, better and stable pre-operative condition. In MICS group, compared with 4 other common procedures, the patients who received hybrid procedure had obviously shorter cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, aortic occlusion time, ventilator using time, ICU and in-hospital stay time, meanwhile decreased post-operative drainage volume;except for Robotic surgery, it required less red blood cells and plasma at during and post-operative time, all P<0.01. There were 12 (0.6%) in-hospital death in MICS group, the total complication rate was at 4%.
Conclusion: MICS are widely used in China, its short-term safety and efifcacy are conifrmed. Upon cardiovascular disease spectrum changing, the MICS procedures will be adjusted accordingly.

The gait rehabilitation robots for stroke are responding to the development of the understanding of stroke rehabilitation, but still some challenges for application may be faced to, as found in AutoAmbulator. Some advices were dicussed from the view of the practice.

Objective To present the surgical technique of transumbilical laparoendoscopic singlesite pyeloplasty (LESS-P) for pediatric patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).Methods Twenty-four pediatric patients with UPJO had transumbilical LESS-P performed by the same surgeon from June to December 2010.Sixteen patients were male and eight female aged from 2 to 62 months with an average age of 14 months.Eighteen patients had obstruction on the left side and six on the right side.Dismembered LESS-P was carried out with the Anderson-Hynes anastomosis where 5-0 sutures were uswed over a double J ureteric stent.Results All operations were successful.None was converted to open surgery and no additional sheath tube or incision besides the umbilicus was needed.No intraoperative complications occurred.Ectopic blood vessels were found in two patients during surgery.The mean operative time was 145 min,and the average blood loss about 10 ml.Abdominal drainage tubes remained for 2 -9 d after surgery.The mean postoperative hospital time was 7 d.Two patients had postoperative urinary fistula,which naturally disappeared at 4 and 7 d postoperation,respectively.Follow-up with ultrasound and diuretic renal scintigraphy found 23 patients had significantly decreased renal pelvis diameter,the remaining case showed no obvious change,but diuretic renography showed significantly improved excretion.ConclusionsPediatric transumbilical LESS-P could be safe and effective.LESS-P could achieve comparable clinic outcomes to standard laparoscopy.