Objective To explore the effect of endothelin (ET)、nitric oxide (NO) in plasma on retinopathy in the pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Methods The level of ET and NO in plasma of 75 cases of in-patient women with PIH and 20 cases of women with the full terms and normal pregnancy before and after delivery was determined by radioimmunoassay. The retinopathy of the patients with PIH before and after delivery was detected by appointed doctor. The levels of ET and NO in both groups were compared and the relationship between ET and NO in plasma and the retinopathy before and after the delivery was detected. Results The levels of ET [(145.00?54.41) ng/L] in serious PIH patients were much higher than that in the control [(81.50?43.80) ng/L], the minor [(85.30?33.33) ng/L] and middling PIH group [(90.20?39.25) ng/L]. The levels of ET in plasma before and after pregnancy were not changed in PIH patients [(118.70?33.44) ng/L], but were higher than that in the control group. The levels of plasma NO in serious [(87.56?35.58) ng/L] and middling [(78.11?28.96) ng/L] PIH group were both higher than that in the control group [(46.70?32.64) ng/L], and the levels in minor[(52.56?28.35) ng/L] and middling PIH group were lower than that in the serious PIH group. The level of NO in plasma of PIH patients after the delivery was much lower than that before the delivery, while higher than that in the control. The positive correlation between levels of ET and NO and retinopathy was found in PIH patients. Conclusions The levels of plasma ET and NO in PIH patients are related to the extent of the disease, and the level of ET in plasma is highly related to the retinopathy in PIH patients. ET and NO might be played an important role in pathogenesis of retinopathy and ET might be a good index in reflecting the rank of retinopathy in PIH.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu)in magnetic micropheres (MMS), and to evaluate the target ability of 5-Fu magnetic microspheres in mice. METHODS: 5-Fu-MMS was digested with 0.5% pepsin, and then free 5-Fu was extracted from tissue with ethyl acetate, and detected by a validated RP-HPLC method. RESULTS: The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.1～25mg?L-1 and the limit of quantization was 0.1mg?L-1. The tissue distribution of 5-Fu-MMS in the liver was significantly increased as compared to control(P

Impaired glucose regulation includes three types, isolated-impaired fasting glucose, isolated-impaired glucose tolerance and combined glucose intolerance.The epidemiologic studies and pathogenetic studies indicate that each type has different characteristics of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.The distinct metabolic features conduce to different early interventions in order to prevent or delay their progress to type 2 diabetes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; External Fixators ; Female ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Finger Phalanges ; injuries ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

AIM: To study pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of pantoprazole sodium enteric-coated test and reference tablets in healthy volunteers. METHODS: A single oral dose of 40 mg pantoprazole sodium enteric-coated test and reference tablets were given to 20 male healthy volunteers in a randomized two-way crossover design. Plasma concentrations of pantoprazole were determined by HPLC method. Pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated with DAS program to evaluate the bioequivalence of the two preparations. RESULTS: Plasma concentration-time profiles were adequately described by a two-compartment open model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of pantoprazole sodium test and reference tablets were as follow: The values of Tmax were (3.18±0.54) and (3.30±0.47) h, Cmax were (2.98±0.83) and (2.91±0.87) mg·L-1, T1/2β were (1.86±0.41) and (1.72±0.48) h, AUC0-t were (9.51±3.71) and (9.77±4.55) mg·h·L-1, respectively. The relative bioavailability of test tablets was (102.3±19.6)%. CONCLUSION: The two preparations of pantoprazole sodium are bioequivalent.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in human plasma and to study its pharmacokinetics in human body.METHODS:After sedimentation by methanol,plasma sample of MPA was determined directly on Symmetry Shield C18 column with column temperature at 30℃,detective wavelength at 218mn and sample size at 20?L.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water-triethylamine(40∶60∶0.3) with a flow rate of 1.0mL?min-1.RESULTS:The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.2～50mg?L-1(r=0.999 6)and the limit of quantitation was 0.2mg?L-1.The mean methodological recovery was 101.94% and the mean extraction recovery was 87.06%.The RSD of both the intra-day and the inter-day were less than 6%.The pharmacokinetic study showed that MPA had enterohepatic circulation in human body,which resulted in the occurrence of double peaks,and the concentration-time curves of MPA were fitted to one-compartment open model.CONCLUSION:This method is sensitive,rapid,specific,accurate and precise,and can be used for the study of pharmacokinetics of MPA.

To determine the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of epinastine (EPN) hydrochloride, a promising histamine H1 receptor antagonist, in healthy Chinese volunteers under fasting conditions. METHODS: EPN hydrochloride test and reference tablets were administered as a single dose on two treatment days separated by a 1-week washout period. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 36 h, and plasma EPN hydrochloride concentrations were determined by a validated reversed-phase HPLC method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS software. RESULTS: Plasma concentration-time profiles were adequately described by a two-compartment open model. The compound was rapidly absorbed and cleared slowly from plasma with a half-life of approximately 10 h. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of EPN hydrochloride test and reference tablets were as follow: tmax were (2.2±0.5) and (2.0±0.4)h, Cmax were (66±16)and (68±13)μg/L, t1/2 were(10.1±1.3) and (10.4±2.4)h, AUC0-36 were (592±88) and (601±94)μg·h·L-1, respectively. The relative bioavailability of test tablets was (99±13)%. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the two formulations of EPN hydrochloride tablets are bioequivalent in the rate and extent of absorption.

AIM: To compare the bioavailability of the test and reference formulation of secnidazole (2 g) tablets under fasting conditions. METHODS: This bioequivalence study was carried out in 20 healthy male Chinese volunteers according to a single dose, two-sequence, crossover randomized design. Fifteen blood samples per period were collected over 96 h, and plasma secnidazole concentrations were determined by locally validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by the non-compartmental and compartmental methods. RESULTS: Plasma concentration-time profiles were adequately described by a one-compartment open model with first-order absorption. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of secnidazole test and reference tablets were as follows: tmax were (2.30±1.06) and (2.28±1.10) h, Cmax were (49.63±6.35) and (46.17±4.24) mg/L, t1/2 were (28.84±3.41) and (29.05±4.01) h, AUC0-96 were (1832.06±180.15) and (1847.14±204.14) mg·h-1·L-1, respectively. The relative bioavailability of test tablets was (99.99±11.92)%. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the two formulations of secnidazole tablets are bioequivalent in the rate and extent of absorption.

Aim To observe the effects of total flavones of hippophae rhamnoides L on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and the MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in cardiac tissues of rats,and to explore the protective mechanism of total flavones of hippophae rhamnoides L on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Fifty rats were classified into 4 groups by using the random grouping principle:model group,losartan group,sindacon group of different doses and sham operation group.The myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 minutes and releasing then.The cardiac muscle tissue was stained by HE to observe its necrosis area and pathological changes as well as the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1by immunohistochemistry method.Results HE sections showed that necrosis of cardiac muscle in rats was significantly relieved in sindacon group by using different doses compared with model group,and immunohistochemistry sections showed that the sindacon group using different doses decreased the expression of MMP-9 compared with the model group and increased the expression of TIMP-1.Conclusion Sindacon has protective effect on cardiac muscle after the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,and its mechanism may be related to its inhibition of the MMP-9 and increasing TMPM-1 expression in cardiac muscle.