Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Humans ; Vaccination

In the past 5 years,the treatment paradigm for patients with follicular lymphoma(FL) has undergone significant changes,with the development of effective new agents that are now being used in the upfront,maintenance,and relapsed/refractory settings.Although these new therapies have led to improvements in patient outcomes,numerous questions remain regarding their optimal use in the treatment of the disease.In this article,the questions related to the timing of therapy for asymptomatic patients,strategies for treating advanced and relapsed/refractory disease,the safety and efficacy of rituximab maintenance and the evolving role of transplantation in the era of novel agents were responded.The latest data from clinical trials of investigational agents that are showing promise in FL were also discussed.

Intensive multidrug regimens,such as rituximah plus fractionated cyclophsphamide,vincristine,doxorubicin,and dexamethasone(R-HyperCVAD),are now being used to improve outcomes in patients with mantle cell lymphoma(MCL).In addition to these combinations,novel targeted agents,including bortezomib,bendamustine,and lenalidomide,are also being integrated into the treatment paradigm.Given the wide array of therapies available,making and implementing treatment decisions has become a complex process,requiring interdisciplinary collaboration.This article discussesed the pharmacist's role in this collaboration,as well as the administration of standard and novel therapies for MCL and the management of treatment related toxicities.

Bendamustine is a kind of nitrogen mustard derivatives consisting of a 2-chloroethylamine alkylating group and a benzimidazole ring.This special structure grants its anti-cancer mechanism different from other common alkylating agents with double function.Since approved,bendanustine has been widely used to treat henatologic malignancies and solid tumors such as breast cancer.In 2008,the FDA approved bendamustine injection for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and indolent B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.In recent years,scholars in China and abroad have carried out a series of clinical researches on single bendamustine and bendamsutine combinational chemotherapy,especially in hematologic malignancies,which obtained certain clinical efficacy.In this paper,the pharmacological actions,pharmacokinetics and clinical progress of bendamustine in lymphoma and leukemia are reviewed.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) originates from the lymphoid hematopoietic tissues and has a good treatment outcome with relatively high cure rate.Early stage HL is curable with abbreviated chemotherapy plus involved-filed radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone.However,patients with refractory or relapsed disease still lack effective treatment.In recent years,with the application of risk stratified treatment,novel drugs such as brentuximad vedotin,and PET-CT evaluation,significant progress has been made in prognosis and treatment of HL

Objective To evaluate protective efficacy of attenuated live hepatitis A vaccine.Methods We searched MEDLINE,EMBASE,CNKI.The randomization,concealment of allocation and blinding were included in the study. Results Meta analysis based on included studies showed that both strain of H2 and L-A-1 attenuated live hepatitis A vaccine had good protective efficacy,the protective efficacy is related to the titer of vaccine.The titer

Malignant lymphoma is a common malignant tumor of the lymphatic system. In recent years, immunotherapy is a new direction in the field of lymphoma treatment after targeted therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) have achieved significant efficacy in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), with an overall response rate of about 80%, which makes the clinical application of ICPi in patients with malignant lymphoma become the focus of attention. This article reviews the recent progress in the biological mechanism of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA-4), and the application of ICPi in the treatment of HL and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

There are an increasing number of survivors of successful treatment of lymphomas over the past 30 years. Although these survivors may be cured of their lymphoma, long-term morbidity and mortality are associated with late toxicities of the treatment. Identification of these late complications will lead to strategies to manage them when they occur and hopefully decrease the risk of their development. Secondary malignancies and treatment associated cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of late morbidity and mortality.Musculoskeletal difficulties, endocrine abnormalities, including sterility and thyroid disease, and heart and lung damage, have also been seen.The late complications of primary treatment of lymphoma and autologous stem cell transplantation usually for relapsed disease are the subjects of this paper.

1 or 2 grade FL followed by a diffuse large cell lymphoma(DLCL) ot a Burkitt/Burkitt-like lymphoma is TL.TL maintains a phenotype suggestive of germinal center derivation.The most common immunophenotype is the same as that of FL, CD+10/bcl-6+. Obtaining a biopsy of TL is enhanced if the biopsy is directed to the site with the greatest SUV. The risk of transformation of about 30% at 10 years after the initial diagnosis of FL.The median duration of survival after transformation generally ranging from 1 to 2 years.HDCT-ASCT, allogeneic tranplantation,radioimmunotherapy and bendamustine are the possible therapy for TL.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease.Rituximab and fludarabine are two of the most effective agents in CLL update.Despite the widespread use of highly effective chemoimmunotherapy,fludarabine-refractory CLL remains a challenging problem associated with poor overall survival.Approved therapeutic options for these patients remain limited.Fortunately,allogenetic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and several novel targeted therapeutics in clinical trails hold promise of significant benefit for these patients' population.This review discusses the activity of available and novel targeted therapeutics besides allo-SCT in fludarabine-refractory or fludarabine-resistant CLL.