BACKGROUND: If the generative cell DNA of each grade is damaged or mutated, it is possible to transmit to the further generations by means of fertilized ova. As a traditional antiepileptic, the mutagenic effects of phenytoin sodium on so matic cells had been confirmed by many researches, but it is still unknown whether phenytoin sodium has the mutagenic effects on generative cells. OBJECTIVE: To detect the mutagenic effects of phenytoin sodium on human sperm chromosomes. DESIGN: In present study we measured human sperm chromosomes in vitro by means of randomized control observa tion. SETTING: Mental Health Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences. MATERIALS: Phenytoin sodium was purchased from Sigma Company. The human sperms were collected from the healthy males who had not contacted with any physicochemical mutagen within recent 6 months. Ova were collected from female golden hamsters of 6-8 weeks, which were purchased from Shanghai Institute of Family Planning Science. Medium for washing sperms and ova was the BWW solution containing 0.3% human serum albumin (HSA); Medium for capacitation was the BWW solution containing 3.5% HSA; Medium for post-fertilization was an oval one containing 10% hamster serum. METHODS: After washing, centrifugation and capacitation, the sperms were made into suspension and dispended into 5 centrifuge tubes (5 mL each): Bleomycin A5 (40 mg/L) was added in the first tube as positive control group, phenytoin sodium (10, 20 and 40 mg/L) were added in three tubes respectively, another tube did not contain any reagent as blank control. Hamster ova without pellucid zone were prepared, and equally divided into five portions, which were mixed with the above-mentioned sperms in the five groups respectively, so as to make the hamster ova fertilize, finally human sperm chromosomes were prepared with the fertilized hamster ova. The rate of chromosomal structural aberration (rate of aberrant sperm) and number of chromosomal breakages were examined. We examined the rate of chromosomal structural aberration (rate of aberrant sperm) and number of chromosomal breakages. The effects of phenytoin sodium of three different concentrations on human sperm chromosomes were detected in vitro, and the results were compared with those in the positive control group and blank control groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The structural aberration of sperm chromosomes, rate of aberrant sperm and number of chromosomal breakages were observed. RESULTS: ① Chromosomal structural aberration: The structural aberrations of sperm chromosomes including the chro mosomal breakage, monome breakage, fragments, crossing-over aberration, double centromere and ring-like chromo somes were observed in the phenytoin sodium groups, positive control group and blank control group, especially in the phenytoin sodium 40 mg/L group and positive control group. ② Rate of aberrant sperms and number of chromosomal breakages: The rate of aberrant sperms and number of chromosomal breakages were higher in the phenytoin sodium groups and positive control group than in the blank control group, but there was the significant differences between phenytoin sodium 40 mg/L group and positive control group (P ＜ 0.005, P ＜ 0.05-0.01). CONCLUSION: Phenytoin sodium has obvious influence on the structural aberration of human sperm chromosomes and may have mutagenic potential to human sperm cells.

BACKGROUND: Clozapine is a common antipsychotic drug for treating psychotic patients. Some reports suggest that it can cause chromosomal aberration of human cells. This study was designed to analyze the effect on mutagenesis of human generative cells and genetics toxicity of generative cells.OBJECTIVE: To research the effect of clozapine on human sperm chromosome with testing system ex vivo.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation on the basis of human sperm chromosome.SETTING: Center of Psychological health, the First Hospital affiliated to Chongqing Medical University.MATERIALS: Human sperm was selected from healthy adult males who were not received mutagenesis factors within half a year. Clozapine was provided by the Ninth Pharmaceutical Factory of Shanghai. Ovum was selected from female golden shrewmouse aged 6-8 weeks. Ovum was fertilized and washed with BWW culture medium containing 0.3% or 3.5% human serum albumin. After fertilization, ovum was cultured with ovi-culture medium containing 10% serum of shrewmouse.METHODS: At three days before experiment, shrewmouse was muscularly injected with 40 unit/ampoule preganat mares esrum gonadotrophin, and then with 30 unit/ampoule human chorionic gonadotrophin. Semen was maintained in aseptic beaker and made 5 mL sperm suspension after washing, centrifugation and capacitation. The suspension was equally put into 5centrifuged tubes. 40 mg/L bleomycin A5 was added into one tube to regard as positive control, one tube was regarded as negative control without adding any reagent, and other tubes were added with clozapine at the concentrations of 200, 400 and 800 μg/L, respectively. Ovarium mound cells and pellucid zone in ovum were wiped out with 0. 1% alidase and pancreatin, and then, equally transplanted into a blank gutta in five culture medium. Sperm chromosome was established with stepped fixed air technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sperm rate and broken amount of chromosomal structural aberration.RESULTS: When concentration of clozapine was at 200, 400 and 800 μg/L,respectively, sperm rate and broken amount of chromosomal structural aberration were not significantly different from those in blank control group, and there was also no significant difference among three concentration groups. However, there was significant difference between 40 mg/L bleomycin A5 group and negative control group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Clozapine cannot damage human sperm chromosome through detecting the effect of mutagen on breakage of chromosome with testing system ex vivo, but it has other genetics toxic mechanisms on human sperm chromosome.

BACKGROUND: Heroin, which is characterized by strong liposolubility and immediate effect, can rapidly enter central nervous system through blood brain barrier; however, mechanism of its dependence is still unclear up to now. Therefore, it becomes a hot topic to investigate mechanism of molecular biology of drug dependence, especially to research changes of gene expression.OBJECTIVE: To find out the expression of specific gene related to heroin dependence so as to elucidate the mechanism of molecular biology of heroin dependence.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation on the basis of experimental animals.SETTING: Center of Psychohygiene, the First Hospital affiliated to Chongqing Medical University.MATERIALS: Eight C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 4 in each group. Drug and equipments: heroin, Tripure separating agent, PolyATtract mRNA separating system Ⅲ, etc.METHODS: Heroin-dependent models in mice were established by dose-increasing hypodermical injection of heroin for 7 days. On the 7th day,80 mg/kg heroin was injected once, and 2 hours later, 5 mg/kg naloxone was injected'. Mice in control group were injected with the same volume of saline and the same dosage of naloxone. Then, mice were put in glass cage to observe jumping times and numbers of animals which had ptosis, diarrhea, wet-dog movement and trembling of anterior claws within 15 minutes.Mice were immediately sacrificed and total RNA and mRNA were extracted from the brains in experimental and control groups with Trripure separating kit, and then, suppressive subtractive hybridization was proceeded.The hybridization sample was amplified by PCR and analyzed with gel electrophoresis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quantity of total RNA and mRNA in brain tissue and different expression of cDNA sections in brain.RESULTS: Mice in each group were involved in the final analysis. ①Results of abstinent symptom after injection of naloxone: Abstinent symptom was observed on mice in experimental group. Jumping times within 15 minutes were 9.75±1.65, which was significant difference from those in control group (P ＜ 0.01). ② Comparison of total RNA and mRNA in brain tissue and different expression of cDNA sections in brain: Quantities of total RNA and mRNA were higher in experimental group than those in control group, and difference of mRNA was significant (P ＜ 0.05). After the second suppressive subtractive hybridization, mixture was amplified with PCR and nest-like PCR to differently express cDNA sections.CONCLUSION: Withdrawal of heroin dependence may cause changes of gene expression, and there is probably an expression of the specific gene in the brain of heroin-dependent mice.

Objective:To find out the specific gene related to heroin dependence.Methods:Heroin-dependent models in mice were established by dose-increasing administration.After withdrawal syndrome was precipitated by naloxone,total RNA and mRNA were isolated from the brains of experimental and control groups respectively,then suppressive subtractive hybridization was proceeded.The hybridization sample was amplified by PCR and analyzed on a agarose/EB gel.Results:The mRNA level of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group and a differently expressing cDNA fragment was obtained from the brain of the experimental group.Conclusion:There is probably an expression of the specific gene in the brain of heroin-dependent mice.

Objective:To explore neuropsychological differences between internet addicts and Non-addicts.Methods:Internet addicts (n=26) and Non-addicts (n=26) were assessed with neuropsychological tests.tests, including WAIS-RC (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Chinese Version), WMS-R (Wechsler Memory Scale, Revised version), Stroop test, Tower of Hanoi and M-WCST (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test).Results: Internet addicts had poorer results in WAIS-RC, such as Knowledge 8.8?2.3/12.2?1.8; Arithmetic 6.5?1.8/7.8?1.1 (t=-4.9, P

Objective:To develop the adolescent's family Satisfaction scale(AFSS)and test the reliability and validity of it. Methods:Obtain the structure and items on the basis of an open structure questionnaire survey and literature review,and then 1253 middle school students were tested with AFSS to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Results:The AFSS consists of 42 items and reflects three factors including family circumstance, the way of families fostering the child, communication and understanding of family. The test-retest reliability ranged from 0.882 to 0.972,and the correlations between factors and the whole questionnaire ranged from 0.899 to 0.906,which all met the criteria for adequacy of fit.Loading of the items were from 0.458 to 0.753, which explain 51.532%of the total variance.Conclusion:The AFSS is a reliable and valid scale for assessing the family satisfaction of adolescents.

Objective To evaluate the role of high-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in relapsed/refractory marginal zone lymphomas. Methods The transplant database was reviewed retrospectively from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital identified 12 patients who underwent high-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Results Among the twelve patients who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the median duration of progression-free survival (PFS) was 104 months and the median duration overall survival (OS) was 117 months; 6 patients were still alive with disease-free. Conclusion High-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is feasible to patients with relapsed/refractory marginal zone lymphomas, particularly to those insensitive to rituximabincluded combined chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Multiple applications of opium medicines can induce the accommodative changes of morphology and function in some intracerebral nerve positions. These accommodative changes are important neurobiological bases inducing drug-desire and re-addiction after detoxification. However, the actual molecular mechanism is unclear at present.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impacts of the generation of heroin-dependence and detoxification on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat to provide a laboratorial gist for the participation of BDNS in heroin-dependence and detoxification.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study by employing experimental animals as subjectsSETTING: Mental health center of a medical university affiliated hospital MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Pharmacology,Faculty of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University between March 2004and July 2004. Totally 30 inbreeding clean male SD rats with a bodymass between 200 g and 250 g were obtained from the Experimental Animal Center of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Rats were randomly divided into blank control group(control group), heroin-dependent group (heroin group), and naloxone detoxification group(naloxone group) with 10rats each.METHODS: Morphine was subcutaneously injected into the rat with dose-increasing method to establish heroin-dependence rat model. Rats of naloxone group received subcutaneously injection of 2 mg/kg of naloxone to excite abstinent symptoms. The same dose of normal saline (NS) was injected in rats of control group. Model rats of each group were observed biologically and behaviorally. BDNF expression at different brain zone of rats in three different groups was tested with immunohistochemistry and digoxin-labeled oligonucleoide probe in situ hybridization technique.Comparison of the evaluation of abstinent symptoms in rats of each group.RESULTS: In the heroin group, the relative content of BDNF protein was higher in frontal lobe cortex, locus caeruleus and hippocampus than that of the control group( P ＜ 0.05); BDNFmRNA relative content was higher in frontal lobe cortex than that of the control group( P ＜ 0. 05) . In naloxone group, BDNF and its mRNA relative contents in frontal lobe cortex, locus caeruleus and hippocampus were higher than that of heroin group and control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).CONCLUSION: Chronic administration of heroin could affect BDNF protein and its mRNA expressions in the corresponding brain areas of the rats, which suggests that the change of BDNF expression participates in heroin-dependence and detoxification.

Objective To explore the short-term influences of conventional internal medical treatment combined with escitalopram on cognitive function and cardiac function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) complicated with depression disorder.Methods A total of 97 patients with CHF complicated with depression disorder in Chongqing Ninth People's Hospital,from October 2014 to October 2015,were selected and randomly divided into the antidepressant group and control group.Both groups were undergoing conventional internal medical treatment.Additionally,patients in the antidepressant group were administrated with escitalopram,while patients in the control group were treated with placebo.The degree of depression and anxiety and cognitive function were assessed by using 24-item Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-24),14-item Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA-14) and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) scale,and the plasma level of NT-proBNP,left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured before and after 6-week treatment.Results After 6-week treatment,the HAMD-24 and HAMA-14 scores and plasma level of NT-proBNP in antidepressant group were lower than those in the control group,while the attention score and LVEF were greater than those in the control group,there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).After 6-week treatment,no statistically significant difference was found in other observed indicators between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclnsion For elderly patients with chronic heart failure complicated with depression disorder,it is indicated that escitalopram could not only relieve their anxiety and depression,but also improve their cardiac function and attention.

We investigated the baseline brain activity level in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) by am plitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) based on resting-state functional MRI (fMRI). We examined 13 patients in the MDD group and 14 healthy volunteers in the control group by resting-state fMRI on GE Signa 3.0T. We calculated and compared the ALFF values of the two groups. In the MDD group, ALFF values in the right medial prefrontal were higher than those in control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). ALFF values in the left parietal in the MDD group were lower than those in control group with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). This resting-state fMRI study suggested that the alteration brain activity in the right medial prefrontal and left parietal ALFF contributed to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of MDD patients.
Brain ; physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Case-Control Studies ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging