Objective:To investigate the effects of continuous substaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on islet β cell function in newly diagnosed diabetic patients.Methods:Forty-six newly diagnosed diabetic patients who received treatment in Taishan People's Hospital from July 2011 to June 2014 were included in this study. They were treated with CSII for 14 days and followed up for 5 years. Before and after treatment, fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), triglyceride (TG), fasting insulin (FINS), 2-h postprandial insulin (2hINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index, Homeostasis Model Assessment for beta-cell function (HOMA-β) index were compared between before treatment and 5 years after treatment.Results:Five years after treatment, the levels of FPG, 2hPG, TG, HbA1c, MDA and HOMA-IR were lower than those before treatment [FPG: (11.3 ± 1.2) mmol/L vs. (5.9 ± 0.4) mmol/L, t = 15.35, P < 0.01; 2hPG: (18.1 ± 4.2) mmol/L vs. (8.1 ± 1.6) mmol/L, t = 16.83, P < 0.01; TG: (2.9 ± 1.1) mmol/L vs. (1.5 ± 0.6) mmol/L, t = 9.81, P < 0.01; HbA1c: (11.2 ± 2.5)% vs. (5.6 ± 1.0)%, t = 11.48, P < 0.01; MDA: (4.6 ± 1.2) μmol/L vs. (2.7 ± 0.9) μmmol/L, t = 16.37, P < 0.01; HOMA-IR: (2.81 ± 0.35) vs. (1.87 ± 0.32), t = 9.37, P < 0.01]. Five years after treatment, the levels of FINS, 2hINS, SOD and HOMA-β were significantly higher than those before treatment [FINS: (5.6 ± 1.3) mU/L vs. (7.4 ± 1.5) mU/L, t = - 6.15, P < 0.01; 2hINS: (15.8 ± 7.5) mU/L vs. (25.8 ± 9.1) mU/L, t = - 5.65, P < 0.01; SOD: (28.9 ± 7.6) U/L vs. (39.6 ± 7.8) U/L, t = - 7.93, P < 0.01; HOMA-β: (14.36 ± 3.82) vs. (65.67 ± 6.67), t = - 18.72, P < 0.01]. Linear regression analysis showed that HOMA-β was positively correlated with SOD level ( R2 = 0.319, P < 0.01). Five years after treatment, the final outcome was insulin therapy in 3 cases (6.5%), oral medication in 25 cases (54.4%), and lifestyle intervention in 18 cases (39.1%). Conclusion:CS II for the treatment of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus can effectively inhibit oxidative stress, improve the function of islet β cells, and exhibit long-term effects.

Objective:To probe into if human molecular adjuvant hC3d3 promote the immunogenicity of hCG? antigen to human immuno-competent cells on the basis of fusion protein.Methods:The isolated B cells, the combination of B cells and T cells, PBMC and Raji cells were treated in vitro respectively with 1, 10 and 100 nmol/L hCG?, hCG?-hC3d3 or PWM for 8-12 days. The cell proliferation was determined by incorporation of [3H] thymidine. The Ig levels in the 12-day culture supernatants were measured by indirect ELISA. The Ig-secreting cells in the 10-day cultured lymphocytes were detected by the enzyme-linked immunospot(ELISPOT) assay.Results:It was found that the proliferation of B cells, the combined B and T cells, PBMC and Raji following exposure to hCG?-C3d3 fusion protein was significantly higher than that of hCG? alone. The levels of total Ig the in 12-day culture supernatants of B cell, the combined B and T cells, and PBMC treated with 100 nmol/L hCG?-C3d3 fusion protein were 4-fold, 10-fold and 10.85-fold more than that of hCG? alone. The Ig-secreting cells were significantly increased after treated with hCG?-C3d3 fusion protein compared to the hCG? alone.Conclusion:The human molecular adjuvant hC3d3 improves the immunogenicity of hCG? in human immuno-competent cells if fused to the antigen.

AIM: To know the personality and mental health of the poverty college students. METHODS: 2 400 students of grade 2002, 2003 and 2004 were randomly selected from Fuzhou University, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University and Minjiang College from September to November 2005, including 1 478 schoolboys and 922 schoolgirls with an average age of (20?1) years. According to the prescript of the Message from Fuzhou City Government of Improving the Lowest Life Guarantee Standard of Residents in the City, Town and Country issued by the office of Fuzhou Government in November 4th 2004, 210 Yuan was provided for each one in many-persons family every month and 230 Yuan for single-person family in the town; 155 Yuan was provided for each one in many-persons family every month and 175 Yuan for single-person family in the country. Poverty college student was defined in the paper as the following: Students with lower average family member month income and some debts, who could only afford part of tuition their basic cost of living closed to the lowest life guarantee line in the local residents (230 Yuan was taken as the baseline) were considered as the poverty students. SCL-90 and 16PF were adopted to study the mental health and personality of poverty college students. RESULTS: 2 400 questionnaires were sent out, and 2 111 valid ones were taken back. ① The scores of somatization, compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoid, schizophrenia and others as well as the total score of symptom indexes in SCL-90 of poverty college students were significantly higher than those of non-poverty college students Poverty college students: 1.61?0.56,2.02?0.64,1.92?0.63,1.71?0.56,1.65?0.58,1.73?0.68,1.57?0.62,1.81?0.65,1.67?0.54,1.76?0.63,1.74?0.49;Non-poverty college students:1.48?0.45,1.89?0.56,1.79?0.57,1.61?0.51,1.54?0.50,1.61?0.56,1.44?0.49,1.66?0.54,1.54?0.46,1.61?0.53,1.62?0.41,P 0.05). ② The examined rate of psychological problem in poverty college students of Fujian Province was 24.5%, and that of slight psychological problems was 22.6%, and that of moderate psychological problems was 1.7%, and that of severe psychological problems was 0.2%. Among sub-specific factors, the psychological problems were prominent in obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid, depression, hostility, anxiety, etc. ③ Compare to non-poverty university students, the scores of poverty university students on sociality, intelligence, excitability, sensitivity, suspicion were distinctly lower, while the marks on permanence, anxiety, independence were significantly higher (Poverty college students: 5.20?1.77,4.70?1.93,5.49?1.87,6.46?1.79,4.29?1.71,4.60?1.63,6.64?1.82,5.07?1.82;Non-poverty college students:5.39?1.74,4.95?1.99,5.82?1.91,6.66?1.75,4.55?1.77,4.36?1.69,6.43?1.94,4.89?1.77,P

Objective To observe the influence of epalrestat combined with insulin therapy on islet beta cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.Methods 45 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were randomly treated with 4 times of subcutaneous insulin therapy(RI group) or epalrestat plus 4 times of subcutaneous insulin therapy(RI + EP group).Patients were followed up for 3 months.The fasting blood-glucose (FPG),the 2 hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG),fasting insulin (FINS),the 2 hour postprandial blood insulin (2 h INS),glycated hemoglobin (HbA1 C),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and insulin release index(HOMA-β) were observed at 3th month after the initiation of therapy.Results Follow-up evaluation of 22 cases in RI group,23 cases in group RI + EP were completed 3 months of treatment.After treatment,FPG,2 h PG,HbA1 C,MDA and HOMA-IR in the two groups were decreased than those before treatment,the serum FINS,2 h INS,SOD and HOMA-β were higher than those before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.05).After treatment,FINS,2 h INS,SOD and HOMA-β of RI + EP group were higher than those in RI group,MDA was lower than that of RI group,the differences were statistically significant (t =3.228,2.536,3.021,2.343,2.122,all P ＜ 0.05).FPG,2 h PG,HbA1 C,HOMA-IR between the two groups had no significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Linear regression analysis showed that HOMA-β was positively correlated with SOD level (r =0.888,r2 =0.783,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The results suggest that epalrestat combined with insulin therapy can inhibit oxidative stress,and improve islet beta cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients,and its clinical effect is better than monotherapy with insulin.

Objective To explore the characteristics and data collection sources of featured literature databases in universities/colleges in Yunnan in order to provide evidence for building featured literature databases. Methods Key information about three types of featured literature databases was retrieved online, which included those being constructed jointly by some universities or colleges in Yunnan, owned by universities or colleges in Yunnan, and already in use in China Academic Library and Information System ( CALIS) , respectively. Comparison was performed among these featured literature databases in regard to data characteristics and collection sources. Results Among all the featured databases being constructed, 58.8% were based on literature on local resources, 17.6% on disciplines and specialties, and 11.8% on library literature. In-use featured databases in Yunnan were mainly based on local resources and disciplines, and the data were collected within their own organizations or through multi-sources. The featured databases in CALIS were of local resources, disciplines, and people, while their data were collected mainly within their own organizations, through other organizations and multi-sources. Conclusion Yunnan featured databases are of unique characteristics, but more should be done to define Yunnan style data, while it is necessary to collect data from a wider range of sources.

Objective To explore the value of reactive hyperemia index (RHI) in predicting the postoperative angina pectoris (AP) in the patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Three hundreds and forty-seven patients with coronary heart disease treated by PCI therapy were continuously enrolled in our department from October 10 2015 to August 10 2016.RHI was detected in all cases during hospitalization period by using the noninvasive endothelial function test (Endo-PAT) technique.Then the cases were divided into the control group (RHI≥1.67) and observation group (RHI ＜1.67) according to RHI results.The incidence of AP after discharge from hospital,rehospitalization rate due to AP,frequency and duration of AP were observed in the two groups.Results The AP incidence rates in the control and observation group were 17.04％ and 31.13％ respectively,the difference was statistically significant(P=0.003);the re-hospitalization rate due to AP was 2.22％ and 7.55％ respectively,the difference was statistically significant(P =0.035);the incidence rates of AP attack≥5 times were 6.67 ％ and 16.51 ％ respectively(P=0.008);the duration of AP was (6.39±2.68) min and (8.67±2.58) min,respectively(P=0.001);the Logistic regression analysis showed that the Syntax scores≥23 points and RHI＜1.67 were the risk factors for AP recurrence after PCI(OR=2.265,95％CI:1.354-3.787,P=0.002;OR=2.110,95％CI:1.228-3.628,P=0.007).Conclusion Reduced RHI is closely related with recurrent AP after PCI,increases the incidence,rehospitalization rate due to AP,attack frequency and duration of AP.

Objective To observe the effect of agmatine (AGM) on inflammatory factor in Kupffer cells of liver,and to investigate the protective effects of AGM on severe trauma-induced liver injury in mice and its possible mechanism.Methods Forty-two adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into sham group,model group,and AGM treatment group,with 14 mice in each group.The mice model of trauma-hemorrhage was reproduced by hindlimbs fracture combined with 35％ of orbital bleeding.The mice in the sham group were only anesthetized without other treatments.The mice in AGM treatment group were given intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg AGM when limited recovery was performed,and the mice in model group were given the equal amount of normal saline.Seven mice in each group were sacrificed at 12 hours and 24 hours,respectively,after modeling,and blood samples and liver tissue were harvested,and liver Kupffer cells were isolated.Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST)and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined with automatic biochemistry analyzer.Hepatic pathological changes were observed with light microscope using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-o) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum,hepatic homogenate and Kupffer cell supernatant were determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the Kupffer cell were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitation reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).Results ① The normal liver tissue structure was found in sham group.At 24 hours after modeling in the model group,the changes in pathobiology were found as following:neutrophil infiltration,hepatocytes swelling,hyperemia,and necrosis,as well as the abnormality of parameters reflecting liver function.AGM could significantly improve the pathological changes in liver tissue caused by severe trauma,and ameliorate the liver function.② There were no significant differences in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and hepatic tissue at 12 hours after modeling,and the parameters at 24 hours in model group were higher than those at 12 hours,which were significantly higher than those of the sham group [serum TNF-α (ng/L):80.8±4.7 vs.34.7±4.7,IL-6 (ng/L):104.0±9.0 vs.55.4±3.3;liver TNF-α (ng/mg):405.2± 19.6 vs.57.2±10.0,IL-6 (ng/mg):58.4±7.7 vs.14.3±2.1,all P ＜ 0.01].AGM could effectively reduce the levels of TNF-o and IL-6 in serum and hepatic tissue [serum TNF-α (ng/L):58.2 ± 3.1 vs.80.8 ± 4.7,IL-6 (ng/L):74.1 ± 6.6 vs.104.0± 9.0;liver TNF-α (ng/mg):248.7 ± 22.5 vs.405.2 ± 19.6,IL-6 (ng/mg):22.5 ± 3.1 vs.58.4 ± 7.7,all P ＜ 0.01].③ The levels of TNF-o and IL-6 in Kupffer cells supernatant were significantly higher than those of the sham group,and they were further increased after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation for 24 hours.AGM could effectively reduce the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in Kupffer cells [TNF-α (ng/L):256.6 ± 5.6 vs.465.5 ± 5.2,IL-6 (ng/L):1 185.5 ± 64.4 vs.2 018.8 ± 53.2,both P ＜ 0.01],and also decreased the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 [TNF-α mRNA (2-△△Ct):7.2±0.4 vs.13.5±0.4,IL-6 mRNA (2-△△Ct):13.2±0.7 vs.21.3 ± 1.6,both P ＜ 0.01].Conclusion Agmatine can reduce trauma-induced acute hepatic injury via suppression of cytokines release in Kupffer cells,and can ameliorate the liver function.

Objective To explore the program of cultivating the nursing master students according to the present situation of China.Methods Delphi method was used in this study.Results In the type of scientific research,the order were the basic knowledge of nursing,clinical knowledge,research ability,ability of adapting society,teaching,management and the community nursing ability.In the type of clinic,the order were the basic knowledge of nursing,clinical knowledge,ability of adapting society,management,research ability,teaching and the community nursing ability.Conclusion According to the present situation of our country,the basic knowledge of nursing and the clinical skills should not be ignored.

ObjectiveTo observe protective effects of agmatine (AGM) on inflammatory response and spleen immune function in mice with trauma.Methods Forty-eight adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (n= 16 each), including control group, model group (bilateral femoral fracture and removal of 35% of the total blood volume), and AGM group (trauma/hemorrhage & AGM 200 mg/kg). Eight mice in each group were sacrificed at 3 hours and 24 hours, respectively, after modeling, and blood samples and tissue homogenate of spleen and liver were collected. The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β) in serum and liver tissue were determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined with automatic biochemistry analyzer. Spleen proliferation response stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) was evaluated with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium colourimetry (MTT).γ-interferon (IFN-γ) and IL-2 releases were determined with ELISA.Results Compared with control group, 3 hours after trauma/hemorrhage, the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in model group were significantly elevated [TNF-α (ng/L): 145.38±31.50 vs. 23.06±11.14, IL-6 (ng/L): 496.94±50.76 vs. 47.13±17.47, IL-1β (ng/L): 321.31±43.02 vs. 29.25±16.24,allP< 0.01]. It was found that AGM treatment could alleviate the increase in serum pro-inflammatory mediators induced by trauma/hemorrhage, such as TNF-α (ng/L:111.56±25.47 vs. 145.38±31.50), IL-6 (ng/L: 412.56±44.33 vs. 496.94±50.76), IL-1β (ng/L: 273.38±45.25 vs. 321.31±43.02,P< 0.05 orP< 0.01). Twenty-four hours after trauma/hemorrhage, serum pro-inflammatory mediators were recovered to the levels in control group. There was no significant difference in TNF-α and IL-6 levels at 3 hours after trauma/hemorrhage among groups. Compared with control group, the expressions of liver TNF-α and IL-6 in model group were increased at 24 hours following trauma [TNF-α (ng/mg): 32.93±4.90 vs. 26.58±2.33, IL-6 (ng/mg): 11.20±1.66 vs. 8.38±0.89,bothP< 0.01]. However, AGM inhibited the level of TNF-α (ng/mg:28.92±3.16 vs. 32.93±4.90) and IL-6 (ng/mg: 9.03±1.28 vs. 11.20±1.66) in the liver as induced by trauma/hemorrhage (P< 0.05 andP< 0.01). At 24 hours after modeling, model group and AGM group had distinctly higher serum AST, ALT, LDH levels than those of control group [AST (U/L): 405.9±31.2, 245.7±22.1 vs. 128.2±15.9; ALT (U/L): 92.1±6.3, 51.6±5.0 vs. 30.1±3.2; LDH (U/L): 606.7±36.3, 478.7±25.3 vs. 384.0±16.6, allP< 0.01]. Nevertheless,the increase in serum AST, ALT and LDH was alleviated in AGM group (allP< 0.01). Meantime, trauma/hemorrhage produced a noticeable depression of proliferation of splenic cells and IFN-γ and IL-2 release stimulated with ConA compared with control group [proliferation rate: (40.97±4.13)% vs. (89.99±7.76)%, IFN-γ(ng/L): 91.6±12.3 vs. 353.2±21.5,IL-2 (ng/L): 53.4±6.4 vs. 91.0±12.2,allP< 0.01]. In contrast, AGM notably restored the capacity of proliferation response of splenic cells [proliferation rate: (74.86±5.75)% vs. (40.97±4.13)%, P< 0.01],enhanced the release of IFN-γ and IL-2 stimulated with ConA [IFN-γ (ng/L): 327.8±23.6 vs. 91.6±12.3, IL-2 (ng/L): 74.8±10.4 vs. 53.4±6.4, bothP< 0.01].Conclusion AGM can dramatically alleviate spleen immunosuppression, excessive inflammation and organ damage induced by trauma/hemorrhage.

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; genetics ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology