Objective To observe ultrasonographic features and the value of ultrasonography in diagnosing duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation.Methods The ultrasonographic features of duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation were studied retrospectively in 25 patients.The detection rate of duodenal bulb ulcer,peritoneal cavity free air,ascites and abdominal lumps were recorded and compared with those of X-ray examination.Results Color Doppler ultrasound before operation found 21 patients with duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation,18 with peritoneal cavity free air,25 with ascites and 14 with abdominal lumps.X-ray examination showed peritoneal cavity free air in 21 patients,but no ascites and abdominal lumps were found,let alone the direct features of duodenal bulb ulcer.Conclusion With regard tO duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation,color Doppler ultrasound can not only display peritoneal cavity free air as well as X-ray,but also show ascites and abdominal lumps,even duodenal bulb ulcer itself.Color Doppler ultrasound can make up the deficiency of X-ray examination,and is a valuable method in diagnosing duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation.

To explore the spatial distribution mechanism of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), PhyML v3.0 was used to build phylogenetic tree using JEV sequences in the dataset. PAUP v4.0 and Migrapyhla softz ware were then used to analyze the migration events. The results showed that a total of 95 migration events were observed during the dispersal of JEV throughout Asia. Further analysis revealed that Thailand, and several Chinese provinces (including Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan and Yunnan), were the main migration sources of JEV. JEV spread from these migration sources as follows: from Thailand to Australia, Cambodia, Tibet and India; from Shanghai to eastern coastal Asian regions and Yunnan; from Shandong to Korea, Zhejiang, Hubei, Shanxi and Liaoning; from Sichuan mainly to inland regions of China, as well as Vietnam and Japan; and from Yunnan to Zhejiang. This study indicated that frequent migration events occurred during the dispersal of JEV in the Asia and Pacific regions, and that Thailand, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan and Yunnan were the sources of JEV dispersal.
Asia ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; epidemiology ; transmission ; virology ; Phylogeny

[ ABSTRACT ] AIM: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP3) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues.METHODS: Thirty cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma specimens were col-lected.The expression of BMP3 at mRNA and protein levels in the tumor tissues and paracancerous tissues was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot.The hilar cholangiocarcinoma paraffin-embedded specimens (n=103) were collected. The protein expression of BMP3 was determined by immunohistochemical method, and the relationship of BMP3 protein ex-pression with clinical pathological characteristics was evaluated.RESULTS:In the 30 patients with hilar cholangiocarcino-ma, the expressions of BMP3 protein and mRNA in 22 cases of tumor tissues were significantly decreased compared with the adjacent normal tissues.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that 87 cases were negative and 16 cases were weakly positive in all 103 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.The expression of BMP3 protein was associated with the tumor TNM staging, lymph node metastasis and tumor differentiation (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:BMP3 gene might be inhibited in human hilar cholangiocarcinoma.The down-regulation of BMP3 gene might be associated with the carcinogenesis and devel-opment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effects of microRNA145 ( miRNA145 ) on the viability, apoptosis, inva-sion and metastasis of hepatoma HepG2 cells.METHODS: HepG2 cells were randomly allocated into 3 groups: blank control group, empty mimic transfected group and miRNA145 mimic transfected group.Under the induction of Lipofectami-neTM 2000, the recombinant was transfected into HepG2 cells.After transfection, the expression level of miRNA145 was detected by real-time PCR.The protein level of N-cadherin and the mRNA expression levels of miRNA145 and N-cadherin were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR.The cell viability was detected by MTS assay.The cell cycle and apopto-sis were analyzed by flow cytometry.Invasion and metastasis were detected by Transwell assay.RESULTS:Compared with negative control, miRNA145 expression was up-regulated significantly, while the expression of N-cadherin was down-regu-lated significantly.Meanwhile, the cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis of hepatoma HepG2 cells were all significantly inhibited (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:miRNA145 dramatically inhibits viability, apoptosis, inva-sion and metastasis of hepatoma cells.

Objective To investigate students' experiences of learning achieved through the flipped classroom based on Massive Open Online Course(MOOC). Methods Qualitative study in which data were gathered from semi-structured and in-depth interviews conducted with 8 key students from the flipped classroom. The interviews were analyzed using Nancy′s phenomenology 7-step analysis method. Results Four themes emerged from the interviews: personalized learning, active learning, cooperative learning, and the critical role of teacher. Conclusions Overall, our research highlights the efficacy of MOOC-based flipped classroom. The implementation of the flipped classroom in this study improved personalized, active, and cooperative learning, and promoted the positive teacher-student relationship. Further research is needed to continue the investigation into maintaining students′ learning initiatives, controlling teach-learning progression,and strengthening formative evaluation.

With the development of fine anatomy,the concept of mesopancreas has been proposed,and total mesopancreatic excision continues to be used in clinical practice.This method has become the best surgical method of pancreatic head cancer.But due to deep position of pancreas and mesopancreas,the surrounding adjacent organs and complexs tructure and other factors,experts are concerned about at the presence or absence of the mesopancreas.So the scope of clinical surgical resection structural reservations are also controversial.This article reviewed the development of embryonic development of the pancreas and the research progress in order to provide theoretical support for the study of the fine anatomy of the pancreas and the precise operation of pancreatic diseases.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of neonatal isolation stress on hyperlocomotion in complexin II knockout mouse (Cplx2(-/-)). The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Cplx2(-/-) with stress, Cplx2(+/+) with stress, Cplx2(-/-) without stress and Cplx2(+/+) without stress. Isolation stress was employed on the pups of stress groups from the 2nd day after the postnatal to the 21st day. The PCR was used to determine the gene type and the hyperlocomotion test was employed to detect the change of animal behavior after methamphetamine or saline injection (i.p.). The results showed that the animals of all groups increased their movement after injection of 0.2 mg/kg methamphetamine in different levels (P < 0.01), compared with those injected with saline. The Cplx2(-/-) mouse with stress revealed a significant increase in the distance of free movement after injection of 0.2 mg/kg methamphetamine compared with the knockout mouse without stress (P < 0.001). When Cplx2(-/-) mouse with stress was compared with wild type with stress, Cplx2(-/-) mouse with stress had more movement (P < 0.001), indicating that Cplx2 has effect on the hyperlocomotion as well. These results suggest an involvement of stress and Cplx2 in the movement behavior of mice.
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; genetics ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Behavior, Animal ; physiology ; Locomotion ; physiology ; Methamphetamine ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Social Isolation ; Stress, Psychological ; psychology

Objective To discuss the relevant mechanism of Sanqi Gel in the prevention of epidural adhesion. Method All male SD rats (n=72) were randomly divided into the normal saline water group, Zhanlianping group, carbopol gel group and Sanqi Gel group (each n=18). The model of laminectomy was established and observed at different time points after the laminectomy for 7, 14 and 21 days respectively by applying immunohistochemistry method. The expressions of transforming growth factor-β_1 (TGF-β_1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analysed during the healing period.Result The different treating methods had different effects on the expressions of TGF-β_1 and COX-2 with different effective strength. The expression of COX-2 was higher significantly in the normal saline water group, carbopol gel group and Zhanlianping group than that in the Sanqi Gel group (P<0.05) 14 days after the operation. The expression of TGF-β_1 was higher significantly in the normal saline water group, carbopol gel group and Zhanlianping group than that in the Sanqi Gel group (P<0.05) at 3 time points (7, 14 and 21 days after the operation).Conclusion Sanqi Gel can prevent epidural adhesion through inhibiting the expressions of COX-2 and TGF-β_1.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic value of one-time biliopancreatic-duct-imaging-system (eyeMax)-assisted endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) for children.Methods:A total of 11 children who were diagnosed as having uncomplicated acute appendicitis by imaging in Xi′an Children′s Hospital from August to November 2022 were enrolled. All patients received subscope-assisted ERAT. Subscope was intubated into the appendix cavity to observe the mucosa directly. Appendicitis was treated through cleansing, fecalith extraction, stent drainage. The clinical manifestations under subscope were recorded, as well as the treatment success rate, intubation success rate, the effective rate, complication incidence during and after the operation.Results:The age of 11 children was 7.93±2.67 years old. Appendix intubation was successful in all patients. Congestion and swelling of the mucosa in appendiceal orifice and appendix cavity were seen under the subscope in 11 children. There were 6 cases with appendiceal fecaliths, 8 cases with pus and 6 cases with luminal distortion or stenosis. Perforation was observed in 1 case during the operation and no other complication occurred. All patients were treated under subscope, including flushing appendiceal cavity (11 cases), fecalith extraction with extraction basket (3 cases), and appendiceal drainage with stenting (2 cases). The symptoms and signs were relieved after the operation, and the effective rate within 48 hours was 10/11. There were no procedure-related complications or recurrence during postoperative follow-up for 1 week to 4 months.Conclusion:Acute appendicitis could be diagnosed by observing the appendix cavity directly under one-time biliopancreatic-duct-imaging-system-assisted ERAT, and also could be treated with the system, where appendix could be preserved and radiation damage could be avoided with safety and effectiveness.

Objective Summarizes the current research status of defensive medicine in China and provides references for future research.Methods The search period spans from the inception of the database to March 2024.CNKI,Wan-fang Data,Web of Science,PubMed databases were queried,followed by literature screening based on predeter-mined inclusion and exclusion criteria.The current landscape of defensive medicine research in China was synthe-sized and categorized based on fundamental research characteristics,measurement methodologies,influencing fac-tors,and other relevant aspects.Results A total of 24 Chinese literature sources and 4 foreign literature sources were incorporated,indicating a prevalent occurrence of defensive medicine in China.Measurement tools for defen-sive medicine exhibit variability across different studies.Key influencing factors encompass doctor's demographic vari-ables such as gender,age,and professional status,institutional factors like legal frameworks and medical in-surance,and sociol-cultural factors such as doctor-patient relationships and adverse public perceptions.Conclusion Defensive medicine is relatively widespread and influenced by various factors in China.It's urgent to explore the for-mation mechanism of defensive medicine from multiple perspectives and provide evidence for passive defen-sive medicine governance.