Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the application of simultaneous metal stents for treatment of biliary and duodenal obstruction. Methods A retrospective review of clinical data in 32 patients underwent simultaneous placement of biliary and duodenal metal stent was performed. Changes of bilirubin and liver function indexes were observed before and after treatment in patients. Results The biliary stent placement and duodenal stent placement were successively performed in all patients. The indexes of liver function were improved, and the symptoms were relieved. Conclusion The combined self-expandable metal stenting for biliary and duodenal obstruction is a safe and effective treatment method.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)for biliary stenosis.Methods Data of 83 patients with bile duct stenosis who underwent EUS from January 2010 to June 2012 at endoscopic center of Tianjin Nankai Hospital were reviewed.The EUS qualitative diagnosis and final diagnosis,and the accuracy of EUS for the lower malignant bile duct stenosis were analyzed.Results Malig-nant stenosis were confirmed histopathologically in 55 patients;benign stenosis were confirmed in 28 patients based on negative tissue sampling or extended clinical follow-up.Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive val-ue,negative predictive value and accuracy of EUS for malignant bile duct stenosis were 98.2%(55 /56), 81.5%(22 /27),91.7%(55 /60),95.6%(22 /23)and 92.8%(77 /83),respectively.Conclusion The sensitivity and accuracy of EUS for the lower malignant bile duct stenosis is high,which is of clinical value.

Objective:To investigate the features of common bile duct adenoma under endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS).Methods:Clinical data of 15 patients with common bile duct adenomas confirmed by pathology from January 2015 to January 2020 in Tianjin Nankai Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The patients′ EUS features were summarized.Results:The common bile duct adenoma was characterized by homogeneous soft tissue mass with medium or low echo and clear boundary, floating in the bile duct with no movement under EUS. EUS diagnosis of 14 out of 15 patients was consitent with the pathology, and the diagnostic consistency was 93.3%. One patient with a movable lesion was misdiagnosed as cholestasis by EUS. One patient had two solitary adenomas, located in the middle and lower part of the common bile duct, and 14 others had single adenoma. There were 9 adenomas in the lower part, 4 in the ampulla, 2 in the upper part, and 1 in the middle of the common bile duct. The pathological findings were 7 cases of villous adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 4 cases of local malignant changes; 6 villous tubular adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 3 local malignant changes; 2 villous tubular adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; and 1 papillary adenoma.Conclusion:EUS, helpful for the qualitative diagnosis, can be used as an important technique to improve the diagnosis of common bile duct adenoma.

The umbilical cord normally contains one vein and two arteries, which is vital for gas exchange, nutrient supply and excretion of metabolic wastes between mother and fetus, and is protected by the surrounding Wharton jelly. Thrombosis of the umbilical cord could lead to fetal hypoxia, even endanger the fetal life. However, umbilical vessel thrombosis, which is rarely reported at home and abroad, is difficult to be identifed prenatally. We here reported two cases of umbilical vessel thrombosis in Xiamen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in order to improve prenatal diagnosis of umbilical vessel thrombosis and to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of incarcerated stones at duodenal papilla and to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic needle-knife sphincterotomy ( NKS ) . Methods Data of 316 patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for incarcerated stones at duodenal papilla between 2007 and 2016 were retrospectively studied. Endoscopic treatment outcomes, proportion changes of incarcerated stones in total number of choledocholithiasis, changes of diameter of common bile duct( CBD) and diameter of incarcerated stones were analyzed. Results Obstruction was relieved and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage was successfully performed in all 316 cases ( 100. 0％) , and NKS procedures were performed in 231 patients ( 73. 1％) . The incidence of incarcerated stone at duodenal papilla in choledocholithiasis showed a decreased trend ( P=0. 000) . Diameters of both CBD and incarcerated stones showed a decreased trend in hierarchical data by year ( P=0. 000, P=0. 000) . Conclusion The incidence of incarcerated stones at duodenal papilla in choledocholithiasis, the diameters of CBD and incarcerated stones are all on the decrease. NKS is the primary method for treatment of incarcerated stones at duodenal papilla.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that mitochondrial apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis,and Feibi prescription can attenuate pulmonary fibrosis and inhibit the transformation of extracellular mechanisms in mice with pulmonary fibrosis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism of Feibi prescription on mitochondrial apoptpsis of alveolar epithelial cells in bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis mice. METHODS:Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank control group,model group,pirfenidone group,and Feibi prescription group.There were 10 mice in each group.Except for the blank control group,the other three groups were intraperitoneally injected with bleomycin(7.5 mg/kg per day)for 10 continuous days to establish the model of pulmonary fibrosis.On day 1 after modeling,the mice in corresponding drug groups were intragastrically administered with pirfenidone(51.43 mg/kg per day)or Feibi prescription(12.86 mg/kg per day).Drug administration lasted for 28 days.Then,morphological changes of lung tissue in mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining.The levels of interleukin-1,interleukin-6,interleukin-17,and interleukin-37 in the serum were detected by ELISA,and the expression of Bax,Bcl-2,Beclin-1,and Caspase3 in the lung tissue was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Morphological observation of lung tissue showed that in the model group,the alveolar septum and alveolar lumen were infiltrated with a large number of inflammatory cells,and there were large clusters of fibrous foci;in the pirfenidone group,alveolar septa were thickened,with a small infiltration of inflammatory cells and the appearance of pulmonary fibrous foci;in the Feibi prescription group,the alveolar structure was widened,with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration,and the alveolar structure was almost not obviously damaged,with a small number of lung fibrous foci.Compared with the blank control group,the mass concentrations of interleukin-1,interleukin-6,interleukin-17,and interleukin-37 were significantly higher in the model group(P<0.01),while the levels were significantly lower in the two drug groups than the model group(P<0.01).Moreover,the mass concentrations of interleukin-1,interleukin-6,interleukin-17,and interleukin-37 in the Feibi prescription group were lower than those in the pirfenidone group.Compared with the blank control group,the expression of Bax and Caspase3 proteins in the lung tissue of mice was significantly higher in the model group,while the expression of Bax and Caspase3 proteins was significantly lower in the two drug groups than the model group.Compared with the blank control group,the expression of Bcl-2 and Beclin-1 proteins in the lung tissue of mice was significantly lower in the model group,while the expression of Bcl-2 and Beclin-1 proteins was significantly higher in the two drug groups than the model group.To conclude,Feibi prescription can reduce pulmonary fibrosis and its mechanism may be related to the downregulation of interleukin-1,interleukin-6,interleukin-17,and interleukin-37 levels.This prescription can also reduce the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells by regulating mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins,Bax,Bcl-2,Beclin-1 and Caspase3.

This report describs 2 domestic cases of tacrolimus poisoning in kidney transplant recipients due to overexposure of tacrolimus caused by nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Phenytoin sodium is prescribed for inducing CYP3A enzyme.It is intended for providing references for formulating and adjusting treatment protocols for tacrolimus overexposure and related toxicity in kidney transplant recipients caused by nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) remains a leading cause of graft failure in kidney transplantation. The development of AMR is driven by complex immune mechanisms, including donor-specific antibodies (DSA), antibody-mediated cytotoxicity, and complement system activation, which have collectively contributed to the current suboptimal treatment outcomes. Emerging non-invasive monitoring tools, such as donor-derived cell-free DNA and non-HLA antibodies, offer novel approaches for the early detection of AMR. The application of multi-omics technologies has unveiled the intricate immune mechanisms involved in AMR, laying a solid foundation for more precise classification and personalized treatment strategies. Moreover, new therapeutic agents, such as CD38 monoclonal antibodies, IL-6 inhibitors, and complement inhibitors, which target specific immune pathways involved in AMR pathogenesis, have shown promising clinical results. With the rapid advancement of precision diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, there is great potential for significant breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of AMR in kidney transplantation.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of febuxostat in the treatment of hypemricemia in renal transplant recipients.Methods A total of 124 renal transplant patients with hyperuricemia receiving febuxostat between June 2016 and July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Uric acid (UA),liver function and renal function parameters before and 3 months after treatment were compared.Adverse events,recipient and renal allograft survival were recorded throughout the follow-up period.Results Serum level of uric acid significantly decreased after 3-month treatment (P＜0.001).And 66.1％ of them achieved target UA level at Month 3 after dosing.Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was maintained.No severe adverse event was observed.All recipient and renal grafts survived during the follow-up period.Conclusions Febuxostat is both effective and safe in the treatment of hyperuricemia in renal transplant.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of fetal umbilical artery embolism.Methods:This retrospective case series recruited 18 cases of fetal umbilical artery embolism delivered at Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital from January 2018 to February 2020. Maternal age, complications, umbilical artery condition revealed by prenatal ultrasound, delivery mode, perinatal outcomes, and placental pathological examinations were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results:(1) The total prenatal detection rate of umbilical artery embolism was 0.062% (18/29 130). The average maternal age was (30.1±6.1) years old. Four of the 18 cases aged other 35 and one was younger than 18 years old; 17 cases were singleton pregnancy, and the other one was a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy. The mean gestational age was (35.1±2.6) weeks when an abnormal umbilical artery was first indicated by ultrasound, including 16 with a single umbilical artery shown in the third trimester and two with suspected umbilical artery embolism. The main complications were followed as gestational diabetes mellitus (8/18), fetal growth restriction (4/18), and abnormal umbilical cord insertion (3/18). (2) Cesarean section was performed for 16 cases, resulting in live births, while the other two cases had intrauterine death. Among the 16 neonates, nine were premature infants, and seven were full-term infants, with an average birth weight of (2 434±816) g; four were small for gestational age, and neonatal asphyxia occurred in three cases. Eleven were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, including five with brain injury. (3) Placental pathological examinations showed embolism in one of the two umbilical arteries in 17 cases and the umbilical vein in one case. Excessive torsion of the umbilical cord was observed in 11 cases and the umbilical cord's abnormal insertion in three cases. One case refused placental pathological examination.Conclusions:Umbilical artery embolism should be considered when a single umbilical artery is indicated by ultrasound in the third trimester. The time of delivery should be based on the risk of premature birth and unexpected adverse events. A cesarean section is suggested.