Pre-graduation practice is an important part of teaching work for preventive medical science.The article is about investigation on the pre-graduation practice of 85 preventive medical students just graduated,and some suggestions for improvement.It is found that the overall teaching effect is good,but there are some problems,mainly on the construction of practice base,practice contents and time,and also graduation design.

The purpose of this study is to show the basic principle of receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Some advantages of ROC were given. A simple ROC curve was made to explain the method of plotting. An example of ROC applied to fMRI data was displayed, which showed that ROC can be effectively used in fMRI data.
Brain ; physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; ROC Curve ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

BACKGROUND: The rudiment of tissue engineering is to obtain tissue from patients. The cells are expanded into a population through cellular culture, and seeded into scaffolds, which can accommodate and guide the growth and proliferation of new cells in the three-dimensional scaffolds. At last, the constructed tissue is transplanted in vivo to repair or replace damaged or diseased tissues. Afterward neovascularization of the graft, the scaffolds are absorbed gradually. Finally, the new tissue replaces completely the damaged or diseased tissuesOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of designing and fabricating customized anatomical-shaped bone tissue-engineering scaffolds with reverse engineering and rapid prototyping (RP) techniques. To avoid the disadvantage of the conventional fabricated methods of the scaffolds.DESIGN: The method of fabricating customized anatomical-shaped bone tissue engineering scaffolds.SETTING: Computer-aided design (CAD) of the scaffold was conducted in CAD training center, Guangdong Machinery Research Institute. Rapid prototyping fabrication of the scaffold was conducted in Guangdong Longchuangyu Limited Cooperation. The scaffold was fabricated by sterophotocureable technology and was made of photosensitized resin.METHODS: This experiment was carried out at the Center of Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from October 2004 and January 2005. According to reverse engineering, layered image information of skeleton of the patients was scanned with CT/MRI. Anatomical models of region of interesting were created by means of CT or MRI three-dimensional reconstruction and surface reconstruction. The internal construction of the scaffolds was designed with CAD software in the outline of the anatomical models to develop computer-aided model. The prototypes of the scaffolds were fabricated by RP process.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①CT/MRI scanning, three-dimensional reconstruction, anatomical modeling; ② computer-aided design of customized bone tissue engineering scaffolds; ③rapid prototyping fabrication of customized bone tissue engineering scaffold.RESULTS: ①Anatomical models of bone joint were established through CT/MRI three-dimensional reconstruction. ② The internal structure of the scaffold was designed to establish the entity model of bone tissue engineering scaffold successfully with computer-aided design software. ③ CAD model of bone tissue engineering scaffold guided prototypes to develop the customized anatomical-shaped bone tissue engineering scaffolds. The internal structure of bone tissue engineering scaffold was fine and had high degree of porosity-and pore interconnectivity.CONCLUSION: Customized anatomical-shaped bone tissue engineering scaffolds can be fabricated with reverse engineering and RP technology. Among all RP processes, stereophotocureable technology (SLA) is the best one with good precision, smooth surface and good shaping.

The application of independent component analysis (ICA) to the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data can separate many independent sources. But in the processing there are two difficulties: (1) the data of the fMRI is usually on a large scale, so the computing is time-consuming; (2) we cannot avoid the errors for too heavy computational load, this brings many troubles. Thus we think of reducing the data. In this article we used the standard information theoretic methods to estimate the number of the sources and used the principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the data. By this process, we estimated the number of the sources and reduced the data successfully; Then we applied the ICA algorithm to the reduced fMRI data; this method raised the speed of operation. After application of the new ICA algorithm and another algorithm (FastICA) to the fMRI data, a comparison was made. The results show that the new algorithm can separate the fMRI data fast and effectively and it is superior to the FastICA on the accuracy of estimating the temporal dynamics of activations.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Principal Component Analysis ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software ; Young Adult

Cytochrome P450 enzyme 1A1 (CYP 1A1) is one of the main members of CYP1A subfamily, which participates in metabolizing and activating a variety of indirect carcinogens. CYP1A1 can induce carcinogenesis by participating in activating exogenous compounds to produce intermediates or active metabolites that bind to specific biomolecules. CYP1A1 plays a critical role in the metabolic activation of benzo(a)pyrene e ［B(a)P］, and plays a key role in activating the toxic and carcinogenic effects of B(a)P. CYP1A1 involves in the metabolic activation of 7,12-dimethyl benzanthracene and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo［4,5-b］pyridine (PhIP), and plays an important role in PhIP-induced genotoxicity. CYP1A1 is the main enzyme to metabolize and activate 7H-dibenzo［c,g］carbazole (DBC), a key factor in the carcinogenic effect of DBC. CYP1A1 is also associated with metabolic activation of indirect carcinogens such as aflatoxin B1, 3-nitrobenzene, and naphthalene. Inhibition of the catalytic activity of CYP1A1 can decrease the CYP1A1-mediated activity of carcinogens, thus playing a role in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of sub-health status of the migrant workers in Dongguan City,in order to provide scientific preferences for preventing sub-health status.Methods Using the stratified random sampling method,740 migrant workers from ten towns(disetricts) in Dongguan city from August 2015 to August 2016 were recruited in this study.The sub-health measurement scale version 1.0 (SHMS V1.0) was applied to evaluate the sub-health status of migrant workers.The SHMS V1.0 scores were compared among migrant workers with different demographic characteristics,and the multivariate linear regression analysis was utilized to explore the influencing factors.Results A total of 718 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective recovery rate was 97.03％.The sub-health status was detected in 483 migrant workers,and the prevalence rate of sub-health status was 81.6％.The migrant workers' subscale scores of physical sub-health (PS),mental subhealth (MS),social sub-health (SS) and total scale (TS) were (70.25-4-12.25),(64.21± 13.83),(62.21-4-13.87) and (66.114-11.15),respectively.The PS scale scores among migrant workers with different monthly household incomes per capita,and different inhabit situations;the MS scale scores among migrant workers with different ages,educations,marital status,monthly household incomes per capita,and inhabit situations;the SS scale scores among migrant workers with different genders,educations,and inhabit situations;and TS scores mong migrant workers with different educations,monthly household incomes per capita,and inhabit situations were statistically significant different (P＜0.05).The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that educations and inhabit situations were the influencing factors for TS score (P＜0.05).Conclusion The sub-health status of migrant workers in Dongguan City is serious,and the influencing factors are educations and inhabit situations.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) in regulating the proliferation of hypoxia-exposed glioma cells in vitro and explore the possible molecular mechanisms.

METHODSHuman glioblastoma U87MG cells was transfected with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) constructs targeting SphK1, and the efficiency of SphK1 knockdown was validated by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The cells transfected with SphK1 siRNA and with a negative control siRNA were then exposed to 3% oxygen or 150 µmol/L CoCl2 to induce hypoxia. The cell proliferation and cell cycle changes following the exposure were evaluated with the Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively, and the intracellular Ca(2+) changes were monitored using Flou-4/AM under an inverted laser scanning confocal microscope.

RESULTSSphK1 knockdown significantly reduced hypoxia-induced calcium reflux and suppressed the cell proliferation. Application of OAG, an activator of calcium channels, however, obviously enhanced the cell proliferation under hypoxia.

CONCLUSIONSphK1 promotes the proliferation of glioma cells under hypoxia via regulating calcium signaling.

Calcium Signaling ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Glioblastoma ; Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering

Using novel virtual reality (VR) technology to carry out the construction of clinical medical examination question bank, while deepening the reform of clinical medical course examination, it continues to innovate the medical professional evaluation system and improve the flexibility, diversity and scientificity of clinical medicine in teaching and assessment. It is of great and far-reaching significance to improve the teaching level and the quality of medical education in medical colleges and universities. This paper analyzes and discusses the necessity and feasibility of building a clinical medical examination question bank, and the advantages and prospects of integrating VR technology to carry out the construction of clinical medical examination question bank. At the same time, the exploration and practice of the examination question bank construction based on VR technology disscussed in detail would provide innovative thinking and reference for the clinical medical teaching and evaluation, medical personnel training and other aspects in China.

Objective:By detecting the level changes of CXC chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8)in acute myelogenous leukemia(AML)patients at different disease stages,to analyze its correlation with the clinical condition and prognosis of AML patients,and to explore the effect of CXCL8 in the bone marrow microenvironment on the occurrence and development of AML and the regulatory mech-anism of malignant biological behavior of AML cell lines,to provide novel reference for the basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of AML.Methods:Bone marrow specimens from AML patients at different disease stages were collected,and ELISA was used to detect the content of CXCL8;quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of CXCL8-specific receptor CXCR1/2 in different AML cell lines.U937 cells were selected as the AML disease model,and different concentrations of exogenous rCXCL8 were intervened in U937 cells,and the morphological changes of the cells were observed under the microscope.BM-MSCs from newly diagnosed AML patients were co-cultured with U937 cells,and ELISA was used to detect the difference in the content of CXCL8 in the co-culture system;Annexin V/PI double staining flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of rCXCL8 and anti-CXCL8 on the apoptosis of U937 cells respectively,and Western blot was used to reveal the accompanying molecular protein mechanism.Results:The level of CXCL8 in newly diagnosed and relapsed AML patients was significantly higher than that in healthy people(P<0.05),the level of CXCL8 in relapsed stage of AML was significantly higher than that in other disease stages of AML(P<0.01),and the level of CXCL8 in AML patients with CR stage and no infection was significantly higher than that in healthy people(P>0.05).The content of CXCL8 in the co-culture system of BM-MSC and U937 cells and the level of CXCL8 mRNA in U937 cells in the co-culture system were significantly higher than those in the monoculture group without BM-MSC(P<0.05).Intervention of rCXCL8 in U937 cells could promote cell proliferation by up-regulating Bcl-2 expression and down-regulating Bax expression,and up-regulate the expression of CXCL8-specific receptors CXCR1/2.After antagonizing CXCL8(anti-CXCL8),it will induce U937 cell apoptosis by up-regulating of Bax expression and down-regulating of Bcl-2 expression while inhibiting the activation level of ERK1/2 signaling pathway.Conclusion:CXCL8 is closely related to the disease and prognosis of AML,and is an effective monitoring indicator for disease pro-gression and prognosis evaluation of AML patients.CXCL8 in the bone marrow microenvironment is an important chemokine for malig-nant proliferation and immune escape of leukemia cells.By antagonizing CXCL8,U937 cells can be induced to undergo apoptosis,whose mechanism may be related to the expression changes of Bcl-2 family proteins and the inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathway activation.

Objective:To investigate the expression level of flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) in bone marrow mononuclear cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its relationship with clinicopathologic features and therapeutic effect, so as to provide a new direction for disease monitoring and targeted therapy in AML patients.Methods:The data of 57 newly treated AML patients and 26 healthy individuals (the healthy control) from the First Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University and Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from November 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Bone marrow samples of all subjects were collected. Quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect FEN1 mRNA expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells of all subjects. Bone marrow samples from 9 newly-diagnosed AML patients and 4 healthy controls were collected, and FEN1 protein expression level was detected by using Western blotting. Differences in FEN1 mRNA expression in AML patients achieving different therapeutic effects were compared among AML patients whose data with evaluable efficacy. AML patients were divided into high FEN1 expression group (≥ critical value) and low FEN1 expression group (< critical value), taking the median relative expression level of FEN1 mRNA as the critical value. The correlation of FEN1 expression level with clinicopathologic features, laboratory indicators, cellular and molecular genetic changes in AML patients at initial diagnosis was analyzed.Results:The median relative expression of FEN1 mRNA in newly treated AML patients was higher than that in healthy controls [0.696 (0.025-3.661) vs. 0.246 (0.013-1.237), Z = 1.75, P = 0.041]. Western blotting showed that the expression level of FEN1 protein in AML patients was higher than that in healthy controls. The relative expression of FEN1 mRNA in 15 recurrent AML patients was higher than that in 19 patients patients achieving complete remission (CR) [1.153 (0.047-4.172) vs. 0.259 (0.023-1.148), Z = 2.71, P = 0.009]. The proportion of patients with French-American-British(FAB) type M 5, fever at initial diagnosis and lymph node enlargement in FEN1 high expression group (32 cases) was higher than that in FEN1 low expression group (25 cases) (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the proportion of gender, age, fatigue, pale skin mucosa and large liver and spleen of patients between the two groups (all P > 0.05). At initial diagnosis, the white blood cell count, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein and bone marrow primitive cell proportion in FEN1 high expression group were higher than those in FEN1 low expression group (all P < 0.05), and the hemoglobin and platelet count in FEN1 high expression group were lower than those in FEN1 low expression group (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in procalcitonin level, the proportion of chromosome karyotype, cytogenetic prognosis grade and patients with or without gene mutation between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:FEN1 expression is up-regulated in AML patients and further increased in relapsed patients. FEN1 expression in AML patients is associated with adverse clinicopathological features and poor detection results of laboratory indicators, which may become indicators for disease monitoring in AML patients.