Objective To observe the changes of the bilateral hippocampal volume (BHV) and 1H-MRS appearance of chronic alcohol dependent (CAD) patients and to provide quantitative information for the clinical diagnosis of CAD. Methods The conventional MR imaging including three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient recalled echo (3D-FSPGR) and 1H-MRS were performed on 16 patients with CAD (CAD group)and 18 cases of volunteer ( control group). The BHV were measured in both groups and the standardized BHV in CAD group and control group were compared. 1H-MRS metabolites including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Choline compounds (Cho), Creatine (Cr), and myoinositol (mI) of the bilateral cephalic hippocampus were acquired. The ratios of Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, NAA/Cr and mI/Cr within the bilateral cephalic hippocampus of the two groups were compared. The t test was used to compare the BHV and the ratios of 1H-MRS in the bilateral cephalic hippocampus between the two groups. Results In CAD group,the left and the right hippocampal volume were 1. 881 ±0. 292, 2. 139 ±0. 328 respectively while they were 2. 106 ±0. 245 and 2. 267 ±0. 271 respectively in the control group. The BHV had no significant difference between the left and the right in either the CAD group or the control group (t =0. 232, 0. 147 respectively,P ＞ 0. 05). The BHV had no significant difference between the CAD group and control group(t = 0. 424,0. 131 respectively ,P ＞0. 05 ). The Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr in the right cephalic hippocampus of the CAD group were 1. 225 ±0. 210 and 1. 145 ±0. 034 respectively, while they were 1. 429 ±0. 286, 1. 612 ±0. 444 respectively in the control group(t =0. 321,0. 408 ,P ＜0. 05 ). The Cho/NAA, mI/Cr in the right cephalic hippocampus and the Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, NAA/Cr and mI/Cr in the left cephalic hippocampus between the two groups had no statistically significant difference. Conclusion 1H-MRS could potentially provide early diagnostic evidence for CAD patients before the onset of cerebral morphological changes.

Objective To investigate the imaging findings of solitary plasmacytoma in bone(SPB)to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Methods The imaging data of 22 cases with SPB confirmed by pathology were reviewed retrospectively,including DR(n=15),CT (n=20)and MRI(n=11).8 patients were examined by DR,CT and MRI.Results The tumors were located at vertebrae(n=9),humerus (n=1),scapula(n=2),sternum(n=1),ilium(n=3),pubis(n=1),ribs(n=2),frontal bone(n=1)and mandible(n=2).The lesions showed as expansive growth and punched-out like bone destruction with well-defined margins on DR and CT.Soft tissue masses(n=7) or bony ridge(n=11)could be observed.No periosteal reaction was shown in any cases.One case was misdiagnosed as odontoma, which demonstrated as patchy high-density lesion in the mandible.The lesions were of same signal or slightly hyper-intensity on T1WI and hyper-intensity on T2WI and DWI compared with the muscle signal.There was soft tissue infiltration without obvious peritumoral edema.The lesions combined with bony ridge were shown as"mini brain"sign."Cuff sign"could be seen in 4 cases in the vertebrae. The tumors enhancement was obvious after injection of contrast agent.Conclusion The diagnosis of SPB is relatively difficult,and should be comprehensively analyzed by combining imaging features,clinical and laboratory examinations.

Objective:To further understand the clinical features, treatment efficacy and risk factors for poor prognosis in infantile-onset renal tumors.Methods:Clinical data of 45 cases of infantile-onset renal tumors from June 2011 to November 2019 in Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Children′s Hospital, Beijing Tongren Hospital and Beijing Shijitan Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical features were summarized and the prognoses were evaluated. Multi-disciplinary diagnosis and treatment was used, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the overall survival rate and the event-free survival rate, while the chi-square test was used to analyze the risk factors for poor prognosis.Results:Among 45 patients, 24 were males and 21 females. The age of onset was 7 (ranged 3-11) months, and the length of tumor at initial diagnosis was 9.7 (ranged 4.9-25.0)cm. The International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) staging: 5 cases (11%) were in stage Ⅰ, 22 cases in stage Ⅱ (49%), 8 cases in stage Ⅲ (18%), 6 cases in stage Ⅳ (13%), and 4 cases in stage Ⅴ (9%). Risk groups included 5 cases (11%) in the low-risk group, 22 cases (49%) in the intermediate-risk group, and 18 cases (40%) in the high-risk group. Forty-four cases (98%) did not receive preoperative biopsy, 26 cases (58%) received preoperative chemotherapy, 39 cases (87%) received postoperative chemotherapy, and 2 cases (4%) received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. The 5-year overall survival rate was (83±7)%, and the 5-year event-free survival rate was (76±8)%. Hematuria as the first symptom (3/8 vs. 83% (30/36), χ2=7.005, P=0.024), tumor long diamete r≤8 cm (5/11 vs. 85% (28/33), χ2=5.606, P=0.027) and high-risk pathological group (7/18 vs.100% (26/26), χ2=21.928, P<0.01) were risk factors for poor prognosis of children with renal tumors in this group. Conclusion:The prognosis of children with infantile-onset renal tumors is fairly well, nevertheless the prognosis is poor in patients with hematuria as the first symptom and in high-risk pathological group.