This review examines the effects of parenteral nutrition(PN) or enteral nutrition(EN) on pancreatic exocrine secretion and severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). There is no evidence that PN support in SAP affects the underlying disease process,but it may prevent the malnutrition and complications.In recent years,EN is considered to be used in that it preserves gut barrier function.PN,in contrast,may result in mucosal atrophy,bacterial translocation and increased rates of catheter related sepsis.The effects of EN on pancreatic exocrine secretion and natural course of SAP are discussed.The safety and feasibility of EN in SAP have been established. EN may even be superior to PN.Some patients,however,cannot tolerate enteral feeding and PN still has a role.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant digestive tract tumor resulted from genetic and environmental factors and can be accompanied by a series of gene mutations.The etiology of CRC,particularly the role of gut microbiota imbalance,has became a hot research topic along with the increase of its prevalance.In this article,we elucidate the potential roles and mechanisms of streptococcus gallolyticus,fusobacterium,Escherichia coli,Bacteroides fragilis,and helicobacter wlori in the development of CRC,with an attempt to further understand the functions of microbiota,search for possible specific carcinogenic strains,and improve the management of CRC.

Human guts harbor abundant microbes that regulate many aspects of host physiology.However,bacterial imbalance or dysbiosis in the gut due to the dietary or environmental changes may cause colorectal cancer (CRC).Therefore,it is theoretically and clinically important to explore the correlation between possible carcinogenic bacteria and CRC and thus reduce CRC incidence by regulating intestinal microecological balance through the application of microecological preparations.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the results of a novel operative procedure of spleen and pancreas preserving clearance of lymph nodes on spleen hillus and along the splenic artery in gastric resection for gastric carcinoma.Methods The postoperative complications and survival rates were observed in 61 patients of gastric carcinoma undergoing gastrectomy with preservation of the spleen and pancreas (PSP) and clearance of lymph nodes on spleen hillus and along splenic artery.Results were compared with those undergoing traditional operations. Results The postoperative complications and mortality were lower and survival rates higher in patients with preservation of spleen and pancreas than those with spleen and a portion of the pancreas resected.Conclusions Spleno-pancreas preserving lymph node clearance on the splenic hillus and along pancreatic artery is safe and effective procedure in radical gastrectomy for patients with gastric carcinoma.

Abjective:To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarun Onlly regulating the intestine epithelial permeability and tight junction proteins of enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells in responsing to Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli.Methods:In the model of Caco-2 monolayer cells,The cells were divided into four groups: normal group,infection group,Lactobacillus group and gentamicin group.The TER was measured by Milicell ERS and the transmissivity of mannitol was determined by HPLC.The distribution and structure of tight junction proteins,such as Claudin-1,Occludin,ZO-1,JAM-1 were examined by indirect IHC.Results: The TER and the transmissivity of mannitol increased after infected with EIEC,but the increase was decreased after dealing with Lactobacillus plantarun Onlly(P

Currently,the popular notions on the mechanisms of gut-derived-infection are described as follows.The stress may cause the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier and dysfunction of intestinal immune response,which leads to the alteration of intestinal flora,abnormal proliferation of opportunistic pathogen as well as the translocation of alive bacteria and their toxin into systemic compartment.As a result,the proinflammatory cytokines are released to induce the outbreak of intestinal inflammation or systemic inflammatory response syndrome,even the MODS.This review focuses on the relationship between biological behavior of intestinal bacteria and gut-derived-infection.

Insulin is a regulator of protein synthesis and breakdown. But it may be influenced by the catabolic conditions as severe infection, injury and other kinds of hormone. The effect of insulin on the protein metabolism and the factors that influence involved its effect are reviewed.

Tight junctions(TJs) are the primary junctions between intestinal epithelia.TJs serve as the maintenance of epithelial cell polarity and the rate-limiting barrier to passive movement of hydrophilic solutes across intestinal epithelia.It plays an important role in maintaining integral intestinal epithelia,protecting intestinal barrier and preventing bacterial endotoxin and other toxin into body.This review is about biological functions,molecular regulating mechanisms of intestinal epithelial tight junctions and some factors affecting on them.

Tight junctions are the primary structure of intestional epithelial cells,which maintains the integrity of the epithelial cell layers.Besides claudins,occludins and ZO-1,more than 40 different proteins have been discovered.The tight junctions(TJs) serve not only as the barrier to the passage of ions and molecules through the paracellula pathway and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity,but also to integrate such diverse processes as cell growth and differentiation,tumor suppression,gene transcription.This review is about the recent discovery of TJ proteins and their functions,which will lead to the complement about intestinal barrier function.

Intestinal immunologic barrier plays an important role in preventing the bacterium and endotoxin.Lymphocyte homing to the intestine is one of the normal intestinal immunologic functions,and has the theoretical significance and clinical value for the balance of intestinal immunologic barrier.The basic and clinical researches of lymphocyte homing to the intestine are reviewed.