Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on inflammatory responses during transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 5-6 yr,weighing 180-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R and hydrogen-rich saline group (group H).The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 0.3 ml/100 g.Transient cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion with hypotension for 15 min,followed by reperfusion.Five rats were randomly chosen from each group,and Morris water maze was used to assess the cognitive function starting from 5 days before establishment of the model.Place navigation test lasted for 5 consecutive days.The escape latency,swimming speed and swimming distance were recorded.Spatial probe test was carried out on 1 and 3 days after establishment of the model.The time of staying at the target platform quadrant,frequency of crossing the original platform and swimming speed were recorded.The rats were sacrificed after the end of spatial probe test on 3 days after the model was established,and hippocampi were removed to examine the morphology of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region with light microscope.Five rats randomly chosen from each group were sacrificed on 1 day after the model was established,and hippocampi were removed to detect the contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β).The rest 5 rats in each group were sacrificed,and hippocampi were removed for determination of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity (by immuno-histochemistry).Results In place navigation test before the model was established,the escape latency and swimming distance were gradually shortened with the prolonging training time,and no significant change was found in the swimming speed with the prolonging training time in the three groups.Compared with group S,the time of staying at the target platform quadrant was significantly shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform was reduced on 1 and 3 days after establishment of the model,and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β and NF-κB activity were increased on 1 day after establishment of the model in group I/R.Compared with group I/R,the time of staying at the target platform quadrant was significantly prolonged,and the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased on 1 and 3 days after establishment of the model,and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β and NF-κB activity were decreased on 1 day after establishment of the model in group H.There was no significant change in the swimming speed during spatial probe test on 1 and 3 days after establishment of the model.Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen-rich saline reduces transient cerebral I/R injury may be related to inhibition of inflammatory responses in rats.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of left ventricular thrombosis (LVT) after acute myocardial infarction.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 300 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to the Xuhui District Central Hospital in Shanghai from January 2019 to January 2022. Based on the results of echocardiography, the patients were divided into LVT group (27 cases) and non LVT group (273 cases). Single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to screen for the influencing factors of LVT formation after acute myocardial infarction. The value of predicting LVT formation was analyzed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of each indicator.Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, drinking history, hypertension, diabetes, duration of chest pain<12 h, white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), myocardial creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), creatinine, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (all P>0.05), The differences in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDD) between the two groups of patients were statistically significant (all P<0.05); The area under the curve predicted by NLR, PLR, CRP, BNP, LVEF, and LVDD for LVT formation after acute myocardial infarction were 0.707, 0.771, 0.859, 0.754, 0.875, and 0.796 (all P<0.05), respectively. The predicted critical values for LVT formation were 3.571, 121.761, 45.215 mg/L, 415.196 pg/ml, 51.271%, and 43.364 mm, respectively; The results of multivariate analysis showed that PLR≥121.761, CRP≥45.215 mg/L, BNP≥415.196 pg/ml, LVEF≤51.271%, and LVDD≥43.364 mm were independent risk factors for LVT formation after acute myocardial infarction (all P<0.05). Conclusions:PLR, CRP, BNP, LVEF, and LVDD are independent risk factors for LVT formation after acute myocardial infarction.

Objective To observe the effect of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined capecitabine in treatment of rectal cancer. Methods Sixty patients with advanced rectal carcinoma from January 2010 to January 2011 were selected, 32 cases with three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined capecitabine establishment as the ob-servation group, 28 cases with simple radiotherapy establishment as the control group, the total effective rate, disease control rate, the rate of local recurrence, distant metastasis rate, adverse reaction rate were compared between two groups. Results After 4 cycles of therapy, the clinical total effective rate of observation group was 53.1%, the control group was 28.6%, there were significant differences (P<0.05). The disease control rate of observation group was 90.6%, the control group was 67.9%, there were significant differences(P<0.05). Compared with control group, the local recur-rence rate and the rate of distant metastasis of observation group had statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Con-clusion Concurrent three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with capecitabine in the treatment of rectal cancer has curative effect, good safety, can reduce the recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate and increase the sur-vival rate of patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression and prognostic value of memory T lymphocyte in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) following radiotherapy.

METHODSForty-six patients with NSCLC receiving radiotherapy in Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital from February 2010 to May 2012 were enrolled in the study and 50 healthy subjects served as the control group. The central memory T cell (T) and effector memory T cell (T) in peripheral blood CD4, CD8cells were detected by flow cytometry. Survival of patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve, and the relationship between clinical features, memory T lymphocyte changes and overall survival was analyzed by multivariate Cox regression model.

RESULTSCD4T, CD4T, CD8Tlevels and CD4/CD8Tof NSCLC patients were significantly lower than those of the control group, while CD4/CD8Twas significantly higher than that of the control group(all<0.05). In NSCLC patients, CD4T, CD4Tand CD8Twere decreased and CD8Tlevels were increased 4 weeks after radiotherapy(all<0.05); CD4T, CD4Tand CD8Tat 12-week after radiotherapy were increased significantly compared with those at 4-week after radiotherapy(all<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the change of CD4Tafter radiotherapy was correlated with the overall survival (95%:1.135-2.994,<0.01). The survival rate and overall survival time for patients with decreasing CD4Twere 23.1% and 10.7 months (95%:0.29-12.41), while those of patients with stable CD4Twere 52.7% and 27.4 months (95%:0.00-31.26), and those of patients with increasing CD4Twere 66.4% and 37.4 months (95%:0.33-29.21), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSNSCLC patients show a significant immunosuppression at the initial stage after radiotherapy, and then a gradual improvement. Change of memory T lymphocyte after radiotherapy can be used to help predicting the prognosis of the patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect and mechanism of Longshengzhi capsules on cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） was established by using the improved thread occlusion method. The experiment was divided into six groups： sham surgery group （only separating blood vessels without inserting thread plugs， given the same volume of normal saline）， model group （modeling， given the same volume of normal saline）， nimodipine group （positive control， modeling， dose of 20 mg/kg）， and low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Longshengzhi capsules （modeling， doses of 0.72， 1.44 and 2.88 g/kg， respectively）， with 10 mice in each group. Each group was given corresponding medication solution/normal saline by gavage， once a day， for 7 consecutive days. One hour after the last administration， the Zea Longa scoring method was used to score the neurological deficits in each group of rats， and the ABC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in rats； TTC staining was used to observe the volume of cerebral infarction in rats and calculate the cerebral infarction volume ratio. Hematoxylin eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the brain tissue of rats. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the positive expression of NLRP3 protein in the brain tissue of rats. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA relative expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） in the brain tissue of rats. Western blot assay was adopted to detect the relative expressions of TLR4， NLRP3 and phosphorylated NF-κB （p-NF-κB） protein in the brain tissue of rats and its intracellular NF-κB protein. RESULTS Compared with the sham surgery group， the neural dysfunction score， serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6， cerebral infarction volume ratio， relative expression levels of NF-κB and TLR4 mRNA， as well as protein relative expressions of TLR4， NLRP3 and p-NF-κB in the brain tissue， and relative protein expression of intracellular NF-κB were increased significantly in the model group （P＜0.01）； the enlarged gap and significant edema were observed in cortical nerve cells of brain tissue in rats， with a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration； the positive expression of NLRP3 protein in brain tissue of rats obviously increased. Compared with the model group， the levels of the above indicators in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of Longshengzhi capsules， as well as the Nimodipine group， were reversed to varying degrees， and most differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the pathological morphology observation showed a significant improvement， and the positive expression of NLRP3 protein in the brain tissue of rats was obviously reduced. CONCLUSIONS Longshengzhi capsules may inhibit TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and neuroinflammatory response， thereby achieving a protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.