Objective To analyze the relationship between serum microRNA(miR)-96-5p,miR-486-5p lev-els and inflammatory response and prognosis in patients with post-traumatic sepsis.Methods A total of 205 trauma patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from March 2019 to October 2022 were selected,patients were divided into sepsis group(77 cases)and non-sepsis group(128 cases)according to whether they progressed to sepsis during treatment.The relative expression levels of serum miR-96-5p and miR-486-5p in two groups were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the levels of serum inflammatory factors[C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),interleukin-6(IL-6)]were detected.The correlation between serum miR-96-5p,miR-486-5p expression and inflammatory fac-tors in sepsis group were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.The prognosis of patients with post-trau-matic sepsis was further analyzed,patients were divided into the survival group and the death group according to the survival outcome during hospitalization.The influencing factors of death in patients with post-traumatic sepsis were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression model,the value of miR-96-5p and miR-486-5p for predicting death of patients with post-traumatic sepsis were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The relative expression level of serum miR-96-5p in sepsis group was lower than that in non-sepsis group(P<0.05),and the relative expression level of miR-486-5p was higher than that in non-sepsis group(P<0.05).The levels of serum CRP,PCT and IL-6 in sepsis group were higher than those in non-sepsis group(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the relative expression level of miR-96-5p in sepsis group was negatively correlated with the levels of CRP,PCT and IL-6(P<0.05),and the relative expression level of miR-486-5p was positively correlated with the levels of CRP,PCT and IL-6(P<0.05).A-mong 77 patients with post-traumatic sepsis,67 survived and 10 died.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of the relative expression level of miR-96-5p was a protective factor for death in pa-tients with post-traumatic sepsis(P<0.05),and the increase of injury severity score(ISS)and the relative expression level of miR-486-5p were risk factors for death in patients with post-traumatic sepsis(P<0.05).The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of the combined detection of ISS,miR-96-5p and miR-486-5p for death in post-traumatic sepsis patients was 0.860,and sensitivity and specificity were 0.900 and 0.821,respectively.The predictive efficacy of combined detection was higher than that of individual detection.Conclu-sion Serum miR-96-5p is lowly expressed and miR-486-5p is highly expressed in patients with post-traumatic sepsis,and the levels of inflammatory factors increase in the body.The expression of miR-96-5p and miR-486-5p is closely related to the inflammatory response,the two are also influencing factors for the death of patients and have certain predictive value for prognosis,and they could provide a reference basis for early clinical evalu-ation of the condition and prognosis.