Objective:To evaluate the effects of different denture cleansers on the physical and mechanical properties of heat-cured denture base resin.Methods:Heat-curing denture base resin samples were prepared and respectively immersed in Polident,Stera-dent,0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and distilled water for 60 h.The flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured(n =10)using 3-point bending test in a universal testing machine.A surface analyzer was used to measure the surface roughness of each specimen(n =10).Results:There were no significant differences of flexural strength and elastic modulus among Polident,Steradent and distilled water(P >0.05).The 0.5% sodium hypochlorite treatment produced lower flexural strength and elastic modulus than the other cleaners(P <0.05).No statistical significance of roughness was found among the solutions(P >0.05).Conclusion:Both Poli-dent and Steradent don't affect the physical and mechanical properties of the heat-cured acrylic resin.0.5% sodium hypochlorite solu-tion doesn't affect the surface roughness,but decreases the flexural strength and elastic modulus of the resin.

Objective To evaluate the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase in bupivacaine-induced injury to neurons.Methods SH-SY5Y cells were seeded in 96-well culture plates at a density of 5× 104 cells/well and randomly divided into 3 groups (n=24each) using a random number table:control group (group C),bupivacaine group (group B),and apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) + bupivacaine group (group A+B).The cells were cultured in a serum-free medium in group C.The cells were cultured in a serum-free medium containing 1 mmol/L bupivacaine in group B.In group A + B,the cells were cultured for 30 min in a serum-free medium containing apocynin 100 μmol/L,and then cultured in a serum-free medium containing 1 mmol/L bupivacaine.At 2,4 and 6 h of incubation,the cells in 6 wells of each group were selected to evaluate the cell viability by MTS assay.At 4 h of incubation,the cells in 6 wells of each group were selected to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by flow cytometry.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased at 4 and 6 h of incubation,and the production of ROS was increased at 4 h of incubation in group B (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group B,the cell viability was significantly increased at 4 and 6 h of incubation,and the production of ROS was decreased at 4 h of incubation in group B (P＜0.05).Conclusion NADPH oxidase is involved in bupivacaine-induced injury to neurons.

Objective: To evaluate the applications and problems of statistical methods for articles published in《Chinese Circulation Journal》. Methods: We reviewed the statistical methods for original articles published in《Chinese Circulation Journal》in 2010, 2011 and 2015; general status with problems was analyzed and the situations were compared among different years. Results: A total of 404 articles were enrolled, statistical hypothesis testing was performed in 366 of them, 32 had descriptive statistics only and 6 articles were meta-analysis. The most frequently used statistical methods were student'st-test (57.4%), followed by chi-squared analysis (56.7%), analysis of variance (35.2%) and regression analysis (23.0%). The main statistical problems in Methods included in described method un-matched to really used method and insufifcient or wrong description. The proportion of insufifcient or wrong description in 2010 and 2011 was 36.6% (71/194), while in 2015 was 26.2% (55/210),P=0.02. The major wrong application of statistical approach was ignoring design with improper method and using unsatisifed precondition for speciifc analysis. The proportion of improper statistical method application in 2010 and 2011 was 19.1% (33/173), in 2015 was 19.7% (38/193),P=0.88. Conclusion: The quality of statistics was improved in 2015 than 2010 and 2011 for articles published in《Chinese Circulation Journal》; while there were still problems at certain degree, enhanced statistical review should be conducted in medical journals.

Objective To objectively quantitative assess the visual quality in patients with myopic foveoschisis (MF) using a double-pass optical quality analysis system (OQASⅡ).Methods Sixty-two subjects participated in this cross-sectional,observational study,who were divided into three groups based on the pathologic conditions including myopic fovcoschisis group (MFG),myopic control group (MCG) and normal control group (NCG).Measurements with OQAS Ⅱ were performed for the modulation transfer function cut off frequency (MTFcut-off),the Strehl ratio (SR) and the objective scatter index (OSI).Visual data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson's correlation accompanied by logMAR BCVA and axial length (AL).Results The mean values for MTFcut-off,SRand OSIof MFG,MCGand NCG were 18.18±4.81,0.13± 0.03,3.50±0.44;22.87±2.66,0.14±0.02,2.42±0.29;33.68±4.70,0.23±0.02,1.68±0.20 respectively,and statistical difference were proved except SR between MFG and MCG,or BCVA between MCG and NCG (P＜ 0.05).LogMAR BCVA and AL have negative correlations to MTF cut-off (r =-0.928,-0.658;P＜0.05) and SR (r=-0.577,-0.893;P＜0.05) with high coefficients in MFG.Log MAR BCVA has negative correlations to MTF cut-off and SR (r=-0.659,-0.806;P＜0.05) in MCG.Log MAR BCVA has negative correlations to MTF cut-off and SR (r=-0.606,-0.602;P＜0.05) and positively correlated to OSI (r=0.561,P＜0.05) in NCG.Conclusions The mean value of BCVA,MTF cut-off,SR,OSI of myopic foveoschisis patients were lower than those myopic patients without foveoschisis and normal people.there exists a significant negative correlation between Log MAR BCVA,AL to MTF cut-off and SR.Compared with myopic and normal subjects,myopic foveoschisis have lower BCVA,MTF cut off,SR but higher OSI.

Objective To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of 17AAG-cypate micelles on human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and its possible mechanism.Methods (1) A single-hit multi-target model formula was used to analyze the radiosensitizing effects of 17AAG-M and 17AAG-cypate-M.(2) The effects of 17AAG-cypate-M on the viability of A549 cells under laser and X-ray irradiation were analyzed by MTT assay.(3) The effect of the drugs on the cell senescence was observed by β-galactosidase staining assay.(4) The effects of different treatment conditions on DNA damage repair were analyzed by γ-H2AX immunofluorescence staining assay.(5) The expression of p-Erk1/2 and p-Akt was measured by Western blot.The paired t test was used for analyzing the differences between groups.Results Compared with the X-ray irradiation group,the X-ray+17AAG-cypate-M group had a lower mean lethal dose and a sensitization enhancement ratio greater than 1,indicating that 17AAG-cypate-M had a radiosensitizing effect.Compared with the 17AAG-M group,the 17AAG-cypate-M group showed significantly lower cell viability (P<0.01),a significantly higher percentage of aging cells (P<0.01),and significantly further delayed DNA damage repair (P<0.01).And the 17AAG-cypate-M group had lower expression of p-Erk1/2 and p-Akt than the 17AAG-M group.Conclusions Compared with 17AAG-M,17AAG-cypate-M has a higher radiosensitizing effect on A549 cells.The mechanism might be inducing the cell senescence,delaying DNA damage repair,and inhibiting the expression of p-Erk1/2 and p-Akt.

Chemotherapy is one of the traditional tumors treatment solutions.Chemotherapy has the feature of tissue non-specificity,which can cause side effects on normal cells while inhibiting tumor cell growth.Magnetic targeting drug delivery system (MTDDS) employs biocompatible and stable magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) as drug carries to transport and accumulate anticancer drugs to the specific tumor tissues under the guidance of external magnetic field.This technology not only improves the efficiency of drug delivery and antitumor activity,but also reduces the drug dosage and side effects.The properties of drug-loaded MNPs and the applied external magnetic field are the main factors that affecting the MNPs targeting to the tumor tissues.The effectiveness of the targeted delivery of the drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles mainly depends on the form and strength of the magnetic field at the target site.That is,whether there is sufficient strength to attract and retain NMPs,and to promote antitumor drug release at the tumor region.In this paper,the research progress of static magnetic field targeting drug delivery system in tumor diagnosis and therapy was summarized,which can provide some basic information for the relative scientific researches.

Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) is a common syndrome with complex etiologies after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, rather than a specific disease. In addition to bile duct stones, bile duct injury, and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, PCS is also associated with the abnormalities in bile acid pool, farnesoid X receptor, and GPBAR1/TGR5 pathways after surgery, reductions in fibroblast growth factor 19 and surfactant protein D, changes in gastrointestinal hormones such as motilin and cholecystokinin, and disappearance of various physiological reflexes and nerve reflexes involving the gallbladder. All these changes in physiological function can induce PCS. As the number of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy is increasing year by year, the incidence rate of PCS is also increasing. This article briefly summarizes the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of PCS.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between absolute fixation and bridging fixation in plate osteosynthesis for simple distal tibia fracture.Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted to analyze 41 patients with simple distal tibia fracture admitted to the Chongqing People's Hospital from January 2013 to November 2016.There were 24 males and 17 females,aged 24-70 years [(46.3 ± 13.1)years].According to AO/OTA classification,fractures weres was AO/OTA type 42A1 in 29 cases,type 42A2 in nine cases,type 42A3 in two cases,and type 43A1 in one case.All patients were treated with plate and screw fixation.According to the method of plate fixation,the patients were divided into the locking compression plate (LCP) absolute fixation group (14 patients),the LCP bridge fixation group (12 patients) and the LCP + dynamic double thread locking screw (DDTL) bridge fixation group (15 patients).The patients were followed up by taking anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of tibia and fibula during outpatient visits 1,2,3,6 months and 1 year after operation.The operation time,time to radiological fracture union,time to full weight bearing,callus index and complications were analyzed.Results All the patients were followed up for 12-18 months [(14.5 ± 2.0)months].In the LCP absolute fixation,LCP and LCP + DDTL groups,the operation time was (74.3 ± 15.6) minutes,(78.6 ± 20.1) minutes and (82.5 ± 24.6) minutes,respectively;the time to radiological fracture union was (4.3 ± 1.5) months,(4.5 ± 1.3) months and (4.6 ± 1.4) months,respectively;the time to full weight bearing were (3.4 ± 0.7) months,(3.5 ± 0.6) months and (3.6 ±1.1) months,respectively (all P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in complication incidence among the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).However,the callus index in the LCP + DDTL group (1.19 ±0.13) was significantly higher than that of the LCP absolute fixation group (1.08 ±0.06) and that of the LCP group (1.09 ± 0.09) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For simple distal tibia fracture,both absolute and bridging fixation can attain good fracture union,and LCP combined with DDTL can better promote the formation of callus and facilitate the union.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of nimodipine on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.Methods:Eighty-two American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes, aged 65-80 yr, scheduled for elective carotid endarterectomy under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=41 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and nimodipine group (group N). Nimodipine 7.5 μg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused starting from the beginning of surgery until the end of surgery in group N, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C. Before infusing nimodipine (T 1), before placing the the shunt (T 2), at 10 min after placing the the shunt (T 3) and at 10 min after releasing carotid artery (T 4), blood samples were taken from the radial artery and jugular bulb for blood gas analysis.Jugular venous blood oxygen content, arterio-jugular difference of oxygen content, and cerebral oxygen extraction ratio were calculated.The concentrations of S100β protein in serum of the jugular bulb were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Scale (Chinese version) at 1 day before surgery and 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery, and the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction (MoCA score<26) was recorded within 7 days after operation. Results:Compared with group C, MoCA scores were significantly increased at each time point after surgery, and the incidence of cognitive dysfunction was decreased (27% vs.17%), and the jugular venous blood oxygen content was increased, and arterio-jugular difference of oxygen content, cerebral oxygen extraction ratio, and concentrations of serum S100β protein were decreased at T 2-4 in group N ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Nimodipine can improve the cognitive function after carotid endarterectomy, which may be related to the improvement in intraoperative cerebral oxygen metabolism and reduction of brain injury in elderly patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of low-dose esketamine on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly frail patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of the gastrointestinal tumor.Methods:Ninety-four American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ frail patients of both sexes, aged 65-80 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-30.0 kg/m 2 and preoperative Fried frailty phenotype scale score≥3, scheduled for elective laparoscopic radical resection of the gastrointestinal tumor under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=47 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and low-dose esketamine group (group K). In group K, esketamine 0.5 mg/kg was given during induction of anesthesia, and esketamine 0.25 mg·kg -1·h -1 was continuously infused during operation until the end of operation.In group C, the equal volume of normal saline was given at the corresponding time point.After induction of anesthesia and before skin incision (T 1), at 1 day after operation (T 2) and at 3 days after operation (T 3), blood samples from the internal jugular vein were collected for determination of the concentrations of S100β protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The intraoperative consumption of propofol, remifentanil and sufentanil and use of vasoactive drugs were recorded.POD was evaluated by Confusion Assessment Method within 3 days after operation. Results:Compared with the baseline at T 1, the concentrations of serum S100β and NSE were significantly increased at T 2, 3 in both groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, the incidence of POD was significantly decreased (30% vs.13%), the intraoperative consumption of propofol and remifentanil was decreased, and concentrations of serum S100β protein and NSE were decreased at T 2, 3 in group K ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Low-dose esketamine can decrease the occurrence of POD in elderly frail patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of gastrointestinal tumor.