Anopheles minimus collected from Yuanjiang, Yunnan Province, were bred with standard methods in lab. The ovarian nurse cells of A.minimus were separated and stained, and the whole polytene chromosomes were photographed under light microscope and compared with A.minimus from Guangxi. 365 samples of ovarian nurse cells were observed. The chromosomes included one telocentric sex-chromosome X, two submetacentric autosomes II(autosome II right arm, 2R and autosome II left arm, 2L) and two metacentric autosomes III(autosome III right arm, 3R, and autosome III left arm, 3L). The X is the shortest chromosome and the 2R is the longest one. In comparison with the pattern of polytene chromosomes of A. minimus from Guangxi, difference at 12 positions has been found at the parts of arms in banding sequences.

Objective To study the risk factors for children with acute central nervous system(CNS)viral in-fection,so that pediatrician may identify children with poor prognosis at early stages of the disease,and provide them with a theoretical basis for clinical treatment. Methods The clinical data of a cohort patients of acute CNS viral infec-tion who were hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between January 2010 and June 2013 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. According to Glasgow outcome scale on discharge,children were di-vided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group. Clinical data and outcomes were analyzed by using univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression multivariate analysis. Results Three hundred and one cases were enrolled,278 (92. 36% )patients were assigned to the good prognosis group,and 23(7. 64% )patients were assigned to the poor prognosis group. By univariate analysis,the patients in the poor prognosis group had longer duration of sickness before admission,longer time of fever,lower white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid,a relatively lower calcium level,con-scious disturbance at the early stage,multiple seizures,convulsive status epilepticus,meningeal irritation sign,muscle weakness,severe changes in electroencephalogram(EEG),and abnormal neuroimaging findings(computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging,or both)had significant differences between the good prognosis group and the poor short - term outcome groups(all P < 0. 05). By binary Logistic regression multivariate analysis,factors indicating a poor prognosis during the early stage were conscious disturbance at the early stage(0R = 4. 885,95% CI:1. 523 - 15. 670, P = 0. 008),multiple seizures(0R = 6. 352,95% CI:1. 905 - 21. 178,P = 0. 003),severe changes in EEG( 0R =4. 269,95% CI:1. 708 - 10. 666,P = 0. 002),and abnormal neuroimaging findings( 0R = 9. 740,95% CI:2. 360 -40. 192,P = 0. 002). Conclusions Conscious disturbance at the early stage,multiple seizures,severe changes in EEG and abnormal neuroimaging findings are risk factors for acute viral infection of CNS in children.

Objective To evaluate the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase in bupivacaine-induced injury to neurons.Methods SH-SY5Y cells were seeded in 96-well culture plates at a density of 5× 104 cells/well and randomly divided into 3 groups (n=24each) using a random number table:control group (group C),bupivacaine group (group B),and apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) + bupivacaine group (group A+B).The cells were cultured in a serum-free medium in group C.The cells were cultured in a serum-free medium containing 1 mmol/L bupivacaine in group B.In group A + B,the cells were cultured for 30 min in a serum-free medium containing apocynin 100 μmol/L,and then cultured in a serum-free medium containing 1 mmol/L bupivacaine.At 2,4 and 6 h of incubation,the cells in 6 wells of each group were selected to evaluate the cell viability by MTS assay.At 4 h of incubation,the cells in 6 wells of each group were selected to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by flow cytometry.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased at 4 and 6 h of incubation,and the production of ROS was increased at 4 h of incubation in group B (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group B,the cell viability was significantly increased at 4 and 6 h of incubation,and the production of ROS was decreased at 4 h of incubation in group B (P＜0.05).Conclusion NADPH oxidase is involved in bupivacaine-induced injury to neurons.

Objective To investigate the effects of 17-methoxyl-7-hydroxy-benzene-furabcgakcone( MHBFC ) on isoproterenol-induced ventricular remodeling in mice. Methods Isoproterenol(ISO)was given subcutaneously(1 mg·kg-1, twice per day for 7 d)to induce ventricular remodeling in mice. Mice were divided into normal control group,model group, captopril group,MHBFC low and high-dose groups. 65 mg·kg-1 captopril was given by intragastric administration in captopril group,2. 5,5. 0 mg·kg-1 MHBFC were given by intravenous injection in MHBFC low and high-dose groups. At the end of the 7th day,the hearts of the mice were weighted,and myocardial hypertrophy index was expressed as heart weight/body weight, double kidneys weight/body weight and lung weight/body weight( HW/BW,KW/BW and LW/BW). Colorimetric method was used to determine the content of hydroxyproline( Hyp)in heart,the activity of superoxide dismutase( SOD)and the content of malondialdehyde( MDA)in serum. The histological changes were observed by HE and Masson’s staining,the changes of cross section area( CSA),collagen volume fraction,( CVF)and perivascular circumferential collagen area( PVCA)were determined. Results Compared with the model group,MHBFC potently inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,decreased the HW/BW, KW/BW and LW/BW,improved cardiac pathology changed,increased the of activity SOD,decreased the content of MDA in serum and the content of Hyp in heart tissue(P﹤0. 01 or P﹤0. 05),decreased the CVF and PVCA(P﹤0. 01). Conclusion MHBFC possesses protective effects against ISO-induced ventricular remodeling in mice,which may be related to its actions in reducing the oxidative stress and improving the antioxidant activity of the body.

Objective To investigate the development of tidal breathing lung function in very low birth weight infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BDP).Methods Two hundred and sixty-two very low birth weight infants hospitalized in Wenzhou Children′s Hospital were enrolled as objects.All infants were given the tidal breathing pulmonary function test within a week before discharge and at the corrected age of 6 to 8 months.According to clinical diagnosis,they were divided into BPD group(n=65) and non-BPD group(n=197),and BPD group were divided into mild group(n=31),moderate group(n=20) and severe group(n=14) according to the severity.The lung function indexes were compared between different groups.Results The results of the test within a week before discharge displayed that the respiratory rates in the BPD groups were higher than those in the non-BPD group(all P＜0.05).The peak expiratory flow(TPEF),tidal expiratory flow at 75%,50%,and 25% tidal volume(TEF75,TEF50,TEF25) in moderate to severe BPD group were higher than those in other groups(all P＜0.05),while in mild BPD group were higher than those in non-BPD group(all P＜0.05).The ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory time (TPEF/TE),ratio of volume to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory volume (VPEF/VE) were lower in BPD group than those in non-BPD group,the decline was more obvious as the BPD was more serious(all P＜0.05).No significant differences were found between groups in tidal volume(P＞0.05).The result at the corrected age of 6 to 8 months displayed that TPEF,TEF75,TEF50,TEF25 in severe BPD group were still higher than those in any other group(all P＜0.05),while TPEF/TE,VPEF/VE were lower than those in any other group(all P＜0.05),no significant differences were found between other groups in other indicators(P＞0.05).Conclusion Preterm infants BPD have different degrees of lung injury,but as the age grows some lung function indexes can improve gradually(at the corrected age of 6 to 8 months).However,early severe small airway obstruction is still serious.Therefore,it′s important to prevent and treat BPD for the prevention and regulation of respiratory tract disease in future.

Objective To evaluate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =5 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S), hepatic I/R group (group I/R) , and group DHA.Hepatic I/R was induced by clamping the hepatic pedicle supplying the left and middle lobes of the liver for 60 min, followed by 24 h reperfusion in anesthetized rats.DHA 4 mg/kg was injected intravenously at 30 min before ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion in group DHA.The equal volume of solvent was given instead in S and I/R groups.Blood samples were taken from the inferior vena cava at 24 h of reperfusion for determination of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, and resolvin D1 concentrations.The rats were then sacrificed, and the livers were removed for determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (by spectrophotometry), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression (by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction).The livers were cut into sections which were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and examined under light microscope.Results Compared to group S, the serum ALT and AST activities, serum resolvin D1 concentrations, and MPO activity, and IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression in liver tissues were significantly increased in I/R and DHA groups (P＜0.05).Compared to group Ⅰ/R, the serum resolvin 1D1 concentrations, and MPO activity and TNF-α mRNA expression in liver tissues were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) , and no significant difference was found in the serum ALT and AST activities in group DHA (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in pathological changes of the liver between group DHA and group I/R.Conclusion DHA can attenuate inflammatory responses during hepatic I/R, but it is not sufficient to mitigate liver injury in rats.

Objective To investigate the mediating effect of the positive and the negative strategy of cognitive emotion regulation on the relationship between life events and suicide ideation among college students,as well as the moderating effect of social support on the mediation model.Methods Participants were 2 471 college students in Hunan province,and they completed the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Check List,the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Social Support Scale for university students and the Suicide Ideation Questionnaire for university students .Results Negative strategy of cognitive emo-tion regulation played a mediating role between life events and suicide ideation among college students (β=0.17, t=8.43, P<0.01).Mediating effect quoted 0.28×(0.18-0.05U).Social Support (U) played a moder-ating role on the second path of mediation (β=-0.05, t=-2.47, P<0.05) .When U changed one unit,medi-ating effect changed 0.05 unit.Conclusion Life events influence suicide ideation through negative strategy, and with social support increasing,the effect of negative strategy on suicidal ideation weakened.

Objective To investigate whether there is correlation exists in the effection of chronic unpredictable stress on active avoidance behavior and electroencephalogram ( EEG) of rat. Methods Twenty male SD rats (weight～200 g) were randomly divided into control group( n= 10) and model group( n- 10). Rats in model group were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress . Active avoidance response were observed with GeminiTM avoid system and EEG power spectrum was evaluated with Powerlab system. Results The failure rate in active avoidance test was correlation with delta wave power in EEG. Compared with control group, rats in model group had reduced failure rate in active avoidance task(42 ±36)% vs (82 ±30)% , P＜0.05). The EEG power spectrum of model group rats increased in delta band((47.09 ±22.86)μV2 vs (22. 55 ± 11. 57) μV2, P＜0. 05), which had the significant difference between the two group rats. The failure rate of active avoidance task in model group rats was positive correlation with EEG power spectrum of delta wave (r = 0. 717, P ＜ 0. 05) . Conclusion Chronic unpredictable stress facilitated active avoid behavior and changed spontaneous EEG, which suggested chronic unpredictable stress actived the neurotransmitter network system involved with active avoidance task in central nervous system. Brain cognitive function correlated positively with brain electrophysiology activity measured in chronic unpredictable stress induced rat model.

This paper discussed the main point specifically from the three aspects which are the certainty and uncertainty of technological function , the predictability and unpredictability of technological efficiency , and“should do”or“not should do”of technological application .It presented an ethics argument of medical technology clinical admittance restriction and defends the standpoint -what we can do does not mean what we should do , aiming to provide moral theoretical support of ethical review of medical technology application .

Objective To evaluate diagnostic endoscopic submucosal dissection(D-ESD) for gastric intraepithelial neoplasia(GIN).Methods From January 2012 to May 2016,64 patients with biopsy-proven LGIN who accepted magnifying endoscopy combined with digitalchromoendoscopy(ME-DCE) and D-ESD in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of Nanfang Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University were retrospectively analyzed in this study.The consistency of ME-DCE prediction with D-ESD pathologic outcome was analyzed by using Kappa test.According to D-ESD pathologic outcome,the two groups were analyzed with independent t-test,chi-square test,or Fisher's exact probability test.Results Sixty-four patients with biopsyproven LGIN were enrolled;25 and 39 patients were predicted by ME-DCE as LGIN and HGIN/differentiated adenocarcinoma respectively;27 and 37 patients were diagnosed as LGIN and HGIN/differentiated adenocarcinoma by D-ESD respectively.ME-DCE prediction was well consistent with D-ESD pathologic outcome(k =0.676).According to pathologic outcome of D-ESD,no significant difference was observed in lesion size,biopsy amount,D-ESD sample size,complete resection rate,operation time period,complications,length of hospital stay,or in-hospital cost(P＞0.05).Conclusion ME-DCE can be proposed when the endoscopic biopsy indicates LGIN.And D-ESD should be performed for definitive diagnosis when the MEDCE indicates HGIN/differentiated adenocarcinoma.