Liver cancer is a worldwide malignant tumor with an increasing incidence by years. At present， it is facing the predicament of poor prognosis and lack of effective therapeutic drugs. Epimedii Folium is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with a long history， and exiting clinical and pharmacological studies show that it can be used in clinical treatment of liver cancer. According to reports， Epimedii Folium polysaccharides （EPS）， C-8-isopentenyl substituted flavonoids and their glycosides （icaritin， icariin， baohuoside Ⅰ， epimedin C） have good anti-liver cancer activity. They are the main active ingredients of Epimedii Folium against liver cancer. The data which comes from in vitro and in vivo studies suggests flavonoids in Epimedii Folium demonstrate anti-liver cancer activity through various mechanisms， including inhibiting hepatoma cells proliferation， promoting hepatoma cells apoptosis， improving tumor immunosuppression microenvironment， inhibiting hepatoma cells immune escape， invasion and migration， reversing hepatoma cells resistance， suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma initiation cells and regulating the immunity of the body. While EPS play an anti-hepatocellular carcinoma role mainly through the regulation of immunity. Epimedii Folium exerts good anti-liver cancer effects with multiple components， multiple targets， and multiple pathways， which makes it a valuable anti-liver cancer drug. However， the comprehensive analysis of related aspects is still lacking. Therefore， this study briefly reviewed the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma active ingredients of Epimedii Folium and their mechanisms. In addition， in the process of literature review， it was found that the anti-liver cancer studies of Epimedii Folium mainly focused on a few components and the studies elucidating the active constituents and mechanism of Epimedii Folium against liver cancer on the whole level were insufficient. Based on these questions， the study also proposed corresponding suggestion to provide reference for the further study of substance basis， clinical application and rational development of Epimedii Folium against liver cancer.