OBJECTIVETo study the absorption characteristics of four components from Naoxintong capsule in intestines.

METHODIn vitro everted gut sac method was adopted for preparing the intestinal absorption solution of Naoxintong capsule. UPLC was used to detect the content of chemical components in different intestinal segments, and comparing the results with the absorption of chemical components of Naoxintong capsule in each intestinal segment. The time-accumulative absorption curve was drawn to observe the changes in the accumulative absorption concentration with time.

RESULTFour ingredients of Naoxintong capsule can be detected in intestinal absorption solution, they are ferulic acid, paeoniflorin, salvianolic acid B and hydroxysafflor yellow A. Specifically, the accumulative absorption concentrations of ferulic acid, salvianolic acid B and paeoniflorin in ileum and rear jejunum segments were higher than that in front and middle jejunum segments; the absorption of ferulic acid, paeoniflorin, salvianolic acid B and hydroxysafflor yellow A did not reach saturated conditions in 3 hours.

CONCLUSIONFerulic acid, paeoniflorin, salvianolic acid B and hydroxysafflor yellow A are absorbed in the whole intestine. Ferulic acid, paeoniflorin and salvianolic acid B may be absorbed in specific segments.

Animals ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproducibility of Results

Zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)have been gradually introduced into people's lives due to their excellent properties.In daily contact,ZnO NPs can enter the human body in a variety of ways and accumulate in tissues and organs.Inhalation is an important means by which ZnO NPs enter the human body and deposit in lungs.Studies have shown that exposure of lungs to ZnO NPs will cause a range of negative effects.The mechanism of pulmonary toxicity induced by ZnO NPs is related to Zn2+release,oxidative stress,DNA damage,autophagy,inflammation and pulmonary surfactant dysfunction.This paper reviews the pulmonary toxicity and mechanisms of ZnO NPs,and summarizes the prevention and treatment strategies,which provides scientific basis for safer use of nanomaterials,and potential intervention strategies for the prevention and treatment of nanotoxicity.