The worldwide situation of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) being released into environment was presented in the present review. The studies on impacts of GEMs on environments were introduced. The regulations of biosafety and application of GEMs were briefly addressed.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effective differences between shallow needling and medication for the sleep disorder of schizophrenia.

METHODSNinety-six patients with the sleep disorder of schizophrenia were randomly divided into a shallow needling group and a medication group, 48 cases in each one (one case dropping in the shallow needling group and two cases dropping in the medication group). The same dose paliperidone tablets were adopted in the two groups. In the shallow needling group, the main acupoints were Baihui (GV 20), Shangenxue (Extra) and Ezhongxian (MS 1), and the acupoints based on syndrome differentiation were selected. The shallow needling manipulation was used once a day, 5 times a week. In the medication group, 3 mg eszopiclone tablets were prescribed orally before sleep once every night. The patients were treated for 6 weeks in the two groups. Sleep condition was evaluated by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy and the adverse reaction were assessed by positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) and treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) before and after 2-week, 4-week and 6-week treatment. The clinical effects between the two groups were compared.

RESULTSAfter treatment in the two groups, both the total scores and the each factor score of the PSQI and the PANSS were apparently decreased (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). As for the PSQI scale, after treatment the daytime dysfunctional score of the shallow needling group was reduced more obviously than that of the medication group (P<0. 05), and the falling asleep time in the medication group was declined more markedly compared with that in the shallow needling group (P<0. 05). Regarding the PANSS, the improvement of the pathological factor in the shallow needling group was better than that in the medication group after treatment (P<0. 05), and the improvement of the positive factor in the medication group was superior to that in the shallow needling group after treatment (P<0. 05). The total scores and each factor score of the PSQI and the PANSS were not statistically different between the two groups after treatment (P>0. 05). At the end of the 6th week, the curative and effective rate was 63. 9% (30/47) and the total effective rate was 95. 8% (45/47) in the shallow needling group;the curative and effective rate was 58. 7% (27/46) and the total effective rate was 91. 3% (42/46) in the medication group. The difference of the effect was not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0. 05). The scores of TESS in the shallow needling group were lower than those in the medication group (P<0. 01, P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe effect of shallow needling for assisting the sleeping disorder of schizophrenia is reliable and it is similar with the efficacy of eszopiclone. Also, the shallow needling can improve the daytime dysfunction and the pathological factor apparently without adverse reaction and pain. Its safety is obviously better than that of eszopiclone.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Schizophrenia ; complications ; Sleep ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

The biological threat is an important component of national security threats .Developed countries attach great importance to biodefense capability building .This paper analyzed the particularity of biological threats , explained the necessi-ty of biosecurity strategic research and development in China , and proposed establishing an integrated biodefense system .

Background and purpose:To study the expression of PTEN and P53 and analyse their roles in HGC oncogenesis,and to discover a good marker for diagnosis and prognosis of HGC.Methods:The expression of PTEN mRNA,PTEN protein and P53 protein were detected by in situ hybridization(DNA-RNA) and immunohistochemistry(SP method) in 64 cases of HGC.We took 22 cases of gallbladder adenoma and 10 cases of chronic cholecystitis as controls.Results:① The positive expression rates of PTEN mRNA and protein in HGC(56.3%,59.4%) were significantly lower than that in gallbladder adenoma(81.8%,90.8%) and chronic cholecystitis(100%,100%)(P

As a powerful intervention to protect ischemic tissues,ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been a hot spot due to its greatly potential clinical values throughout the past decades.From the triggers and cell-membrane receptors to intracellular signal molecules and mitochondrial signal chains,we inquire in this review the common points and relativities on the signaling transduction of IPC by conferring the cardio-and neuro-protection mechanisms of IPC.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of preparing tretinoin liposome by calcium acetate gradient method and to compare this method with the microfilm and the antiphase evaporation method.METHODS:Tretinoin liposome was pre-pared by microfilm method,antiphase evaporation method and calcium acetate gradient method,respectively.Sephadex G-50was used for isolation and ultraviolet spectrophotometry was utilized to determine the entrapped efficiency and grain size of liposomal tretinoin.Electronmicroscope was applied to observe the shape of tretinoin liposome.RESULTS:The calcium ac-etate gradient technology achieved the highest entrapped efficiency of90.48%.The liposomes had perfect shape with the mean diameter of35.8nm and kept stable in quality at4℃for3months.CONCLUSION:The liposome with high entrapped effi-ciency could be prepared by calcium acetate gradient method,and the method is feasible.

Objective To explore the clinical effectiveness of urokinase perfusion and drainage in patients with hypertension cerebral hemorrhage broken into ventricles.Methods Patients with hypertension cerebral hemorrhage broken into ventricles(35 cases)underwent urokinase perfusion and drainage.Clinical effect was observed and the nursing point was summarized.Results Of the 35 patients,20 cases acquired good recovery,13 cases were mildly disabled,2 case were severely disabled,no death occurred.The complications mostly consisted of secondary hemorrhage,infection,disfunction.Conclusions The early lateral ventricle drilling operation,postoperative urokinase perfusion and drainage,active complications prophylaxis and treatment,rehabilitation training can reduce mortality and improve the quality of patients' life.

A totel of 120 patients with CT or MRI proved as acute cerebral infarction group of anterior circulation and 90 non-infarction patients as the control group were studied. The diameter,inter median thickness( IMT) ,peak systolic velocity ( PSV ) , end diastolic velocity ( EDV ) , early shrinkage acceleration time ( AT ) , resistance index ( RI) ,and pulsatility index( PI) of carotid artery,and whether there was arteriosclerotic plaque or stenosis,and the properties of plaque were examined with color Doppler ultrasound. In acute cerebral infarction group of anterior cir-culation,the IMT was thicker that in the control group(P<0. 01). The incidence of the film thickness,moderate-se-vere stenosis and instable carotid artery plaque in infaiction group of anterior circulation were obviousely higher than those in the control group(P<0. 01). Arterial complete or incomplete occlusion was observed in severe cases. The blood flow parameters showed that the PSV and EDV of common carotid and internal carotid in acute cerebral in-farction group of anterior circulation were lowerer than those in the control group. RI and PI of internal carotid in a-cute cerebral infarction group of anterior circulation were higher than those in the control group(P<0. 05),while AT was lower than those in the control group.

Exosome is nanoscale vesicles with bilayer membrane structure, is secreted by multiple living cells in vivo, capable of carrying biological materials such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids etc.Exosome can protect the information material (such as miRNA), which is easy to be inactivated or degraded in the circulatory system, so that they can be safely transferred to the specific target cells to participate in signal regulation, and play an important role in the information transmission between cells.Exosome is widely found in human blood, urine, pleural effusion and other body fluid samples, and can provide rich, stable, sensitive and specific biological information.As a kind of liquid biopsy specimen, exosome has a very high clinical application value in the future.

Objective To study the effect of different negative pressure values of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) effect on skin graft .Methods Eighty patients were selected ,who underwent chronic wound bed and preparedto treat with skin graft in surgical ward of emergency department in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to July 2012 .Eighty patients were divided into 8 groups ,group A were treated with packing pressure after skin graft ,group B~ H were treated with continuous NPWT ,pressures were -10 ,-20 ,-30 ,-40 ,-50 ,-60 and -70 kPa ,respectively .Whether they were in comfortable situation at second day after surgery were observed .Flap survival area at Seventh day after surgery was meas‐ured .Results The patient comfort ,flap survival area ,wound healing time of group B to H were higher than those of group A (P<0 .05) .Patient comfort tended to decrease with the increasing negative pressure values between -10 - -40 kPa(P<0 .05) .Flap survival area ,healing time of group B ,C were higher than those of group D to F(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Application of NPWT technology in wound ,-10 kPa negative pressure value can not only improve wound blood circulation ,but also ensure patient be comfortable .